Ali IV of Bornu
| Ali IV | |
|---|---|
| Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire | |
| Reign | 1750–1791 |
| Predecessor | Dunama VIII Gana |
| Successor | Ahmad |
| Issue | Ahmad Muhammad IX Ngileruma |
| Dynasty | Sayfawa dynasty |
| Father | Hamdan |
Ali IV (ʿAlī bin Ḥamdūn[1] or ʿAlī bin al-Ḥājj Dunama)[2] was the mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1750–1791.[1]
Life
[edit]Ali IV succeeded Dunama VIII Gana as mai in 1750.[1] He was the son of mai Hamdan[3] (r. 1726–1731),[1] who is also called Dunama in some sources.[3]
Ali's reign is noted for repeated conflicts with the Mandara Kingdom to the southwest of Bornu. Mandara and the densely populated pagan lands surrounding it was attractive as an area for slave raids.[2] Ali launched several campaigns against Mandara. Most of his wars were unsuccessful; in one of the campaigns Ali himself was wounded and much of his army perished.[2] In 1781, a Mandara army invaded Bornu itself and killed many of its soldiers.[4] Ali's defeats seriously weakened the Kanem–Bornu Empire and made it more vulnerable to the Fula jihads, which would sweep through the region a few decades after Ali's death.[2]
Ali was succeeded by his son Ahmad[5] in 1791.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2012) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
- ^ a b c d Fisher, H. J. (2003) [1975]. "The central Sahara and Sudan". The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 4: from c. 1600 to c. 1790. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2.
- ^ a b Cohen, Ronald (1966). "The Bornu King Lists". Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History. Boston University Press. p. 82.
- ^ Gronenborn, Detlef (2001). "Kanem-Borno: A Brief Summary of the History and Archaeology of an Empire of the Central bilad al-sudan". West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives. Bloomsbury. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4742-9104-0.
- ^ Hogben, Sidney John (1967). An Introduction to the History of the Islamic States of Northern Nigeria. Oxford University Press. p. 169.
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