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Sultanate of Sambas

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Sambas Sultanate
كسلطانن سمبس‎
Kesultanan Melayu Sambas
1600–1854
Flag of Sambas Sultanate
Flag
CapitalSambas
Common languagesClassical Sambas Malay
Other languagesSanskrit (until 1675)
Arabic
Religion
Hinduism (until 1675)
Sunni Islam
Demonym(s)Sambas
GovernmentMonarchy
Sultans 
• 1675–1685
Muhammad Shafi ud-din I (First Sultan)
• 1846–1854
Abu Bakr Tajuddin II (Last Sultan)
History 
• Established
1600
• Arrival of Sultan Tengah
1639
1812-1813
1836 – December 1840
• Exile of Abu Bakar Tajuddin II
1854
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Sultanate of Sarawak
Bruneian Empire
Dutch East Indies
Today part ofIndonesia

The Sultanate of Sambas (Malay: كسلطانن سمبس‎, romanized: Kesultanan Sambas) was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of Borneo, in modern-day Indonesia.

History

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At first governed by governors, Sambas became a kingdom in 1609 with the descendant of Sepudak. She married one of her daughters to a prince of Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Brunei, Prince Tengah whom later became the first and the last Sultan of Sarawak for Bruneian Empire. The child of this union, Muhammad Saif ud-din I became the first Muslim Sultan of Sambas.

During the colonial period, Sambas remained largely independent and became a center of pirate activity in the early nineteenth century. In 1812 and 1813, the British launched two military expeditions against Sambas, the first one failing and the second one managing to capture Sambas.[1] The Dutch took control in 1819, leading into frequent minglings into succession, deposing and exiling Abu Bakar Tajuddin II to Java.

Umar Akam ud-din III, the Sultan of Sambas (1854-1866)

Territories

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The territories of the Sambas Sultanate at the beginning, when it was first established by Raden Sulaiman (Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin I), included the Sambas River and its tributaries, as well as the Paloh River and its tributaries. During the reign of the 2nd Sultan of Sambas, Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin I (Raden Bima), the boundaries of the Sambas Sultanate expanded to include the Sambas River and the Selakau River and its tributaries. The territory of the Sambas Sultanate then continued to expand until during the reign of the 4th Sultan of Sambas (Sultan Abubakar Kamaluddin), the territory of the Sambas Sultanate encompassed Tanjung Datuk in the north to the Duri River in the south, then the Montraduk and Bengkayang areas in the southeast, and the Seluas and Sungkung areas in the east. The territory of the Sambas Sultanate from the time of the 4th Sultan of Sambas (Sultan Abubakar Kamaluddin) then continued to survive until the end of the Sambas Sultanate's reign for about 279 years (through 15 Sultans and 2 Heads of Government) namely by joining the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) in 1950. In 1956, the former territory of the Sambas Sultanate (namely the territory of the Sambas Sultanate since the 4th Sultan of Sambas until the end of the Sambas Sultanate's reign) was completely made into the Sambas Regency (as stated in the West Kalimantan Regional News regarding the formation of Sambas Regency in 1956). The Sambas Regency area then continued to survive until then in 2000, the Sambas Regency area was expanded into 3 Government Areas namely Sambas Regency, Singkawang City, and Bengkayang Regency until now.[2][3]

List of rulers

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Panembahan Ratu (King) of Sambas:

  • Timbang Paseban (1600–1609)
  • Sepudak (1609–1632)
  • Anom Kesumayuda (1632–1670)

Sultanate of Sambas:

  • Muhammad Shafi ud-din I (1675–1685)
  • Muhammad Taj ud-din I (1685–1708)
  • Umar Aqam ud-din I (1708–1732)
  • Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I (1732–1764)
  • Umar Akam ud-din II (1764–1786)
  • Achmad Taj ud-din II (1786–1793)
  • Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I (1793–1815)
  • Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I (1815–1828)
  • Usman Kamal ud-din (1828–1832)
  • Umar Akam ud-din III (1832–1846)
  • Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II (1846–1854)
  • Umar Kamal ud-din (1854–1866)
  • Muhammad Shafi ud-din II (1866–1924)
  • Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din II (1924–1926)
  • Muhammad Tayeb (Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1926 - 1931)
  • Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din (1931–1943)
  • Muchsin Panji Anom (Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1946 - 1950)
  • Muhammad Taufik (Head of the Royal Family 1950 - 1984)
  • Winata Kusuma (Head of the Royal Family 1984 - 2000, Sultan 2000 - 2008, died 1 February 2008)
  • Muhammad Tarhan (Head of the Royal Family since 3 February 2008)

Family tree

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Family tree of Sambas Monarchs
Muhammad
Shafiuddin I
(1)
r. 1671-1682
Muhammad
Tajuddin
(2)
r. 1682-1718
Umar
Aqamaddin I
(3)
r. 1718-1732
Abubakr
Kamaluddin
(4)
r. 1732-1762
Umar
Aqamaddin II
(5)
r. 1762-1786,
1793-1802
Achmad
Tajuddin I
(6)
r. 1786-1793		Abubakr
Tajuddin I
(7)
r. 1802-1815		Muhammad Ali
Shafiuddin I
(8)
r. 1815-1828		Usman
Kamaluddin I
(9)
r. 1828-1832		Umar
Aqamaddin III
(10)
r. 1832-1846
Abubakr
Tajuddin II
(11)
r. 1846-1854		Umar
Kamaluddin II
(12)
r. 1854-1866
Muhammad
Shafiuddin II
(13)
r. 1866-1924
Muhammad Ali
Shafiuddin II
(14)
r. 1924-1926		Pangeran
Achmad Tajuddin II
Muhammad
Ibrahim
Shafiuddin
(15)
r. 1931-1944
Head of the
Royal Family
Muhammad
Taufik
(16)
r. 1944-1984
Winata
Kusuma
(17)
r. 1984-2008
Muhammad
Tarhan
(18)
r. 2008-present

References

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  1. ^ Irwin, Graham (1955). Nineteenth-Century Borneo: A Study in Diplomatic Rivalry. BRILL. pp. 14–16. ISBN 9789004286375. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  2. ^ "Salinan arsip". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Salinan arsip". Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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