Loloda Kingdom
Loloda Kingdom was one of the kingdoms that existed in the North Maluku region in the 13th century. This kingdom is located in the northern and western parts of Halmahera Island.[1][2]
From the 19th century to the early 20th century, Loloda held the status of a district governed by a leader known locally as a sangaji.[3] As a district under Dutch colonial administration, it was located in the Darume area and later became the first district capital after integration into the Republic of Indonesia. One known ruler from this period was Alferis Banggai (born 10 April 1895), who ruled Loloda during that era.[4]
Territory areas
[edit]The Loloda Kingdom was not one of the four main kingdoms in the spice archipelago (Bacan, Jailolo, Ternate, Tidore). The entire territory of Loloda's power was along the northwest coast to the southwest coast of Halmahera Island. Including two island clusters, namely South Loloda which is currently included in the administrative area of West Halmahera and North Loloda which is included in the administrative area of North Halmahera.[5]
Government system
[edit]The system of government that led the power of the Loloda kingdom was initially kolano which was replaced by sangaji when the king was dismissed by the Dutch Colonial Government.[6] Notably, the Loloda Kingdom was not invited to the Moti Treaty negotiations, which were dominated by the four major kingdoms. In local tradition, Loloda’s late arrival to the Moti meeting resulted in its political status being downgraded to sangaji, making it subordinate to the sultans or kolano of the larger Maluku kingdoms.[7]
Religion
[edit]Before Islam entered North Maluku, the people of Loloda and some other Ternate Island did not embrace any religion.[8] Although Loloda was once known as an Islamic kingdom, it was not part of the Moti Alliance (Motir Verbond), and its rulers never bore the title of sultan, instead retaining the titles kolano and later sangaji.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ Handoko, Wuri (2017), p. 179: "Loloda is the name of a kingdom in the North Maluku region, situated on a cape in the western and northern part of Halmahera Island. This kingdom is regarded as having existed since the 13th century, as the first, oldest, and largest kingdom in the northern Maluku sea and archipelago region. According to several foreign and local sources, after the 17th century, this kingdom vanished and thus is rarely mentioned in many historical references."
- ^ Rahman, Abd. (2018), p. 37: "North Maluku, where Loloda is located, is a province in Indonesia known as the land of a thousand islands and the spice islands, inhabited by various ethnic groups including indigenous peoples, local migrants, national migrants, and foreign-descended ethnicities (mainly Arab and Chinese). North Maluku now consists of 12 regencies/cities. Four of these—Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo—are well-known since the Portuguese era through post-Indonesian independence as ancient Islamic kingdoms and main producers of nutmeg and cloves in the Maluku sea and archipelago. However, few realize that Loloda was also one of the five main kingdoms in the spice region and is even older than the four mentioned kingdoms. Among these five kingdoms, four now function as autonomous regencies or cities, but Loloda remains distinct as the oldest former kingdom in North Maluku."
- ^ Mansur, Sofianto & Mahzuni (2013), p. 65: "During the 19th century until the early 20th century, Loloda's political status was considered a district within the Dutch East Indies administrative hierarchy. However, its leader retained the title of king, locally called kolano (Leirissa, 1996: 96). In 1909, the king was dismissed by the colonial government and the leadership title changed from kolano to sangaji, which was generally the title of district heads (hoofd district) in Halmahera."
- ^ Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie voor 1904. Batavia: Ter Lands-Drukkerij. 1904. p. 296.
- ^ Rahman, Abd. 2018.
- ^ Rahman, Abd. (2015), p. 182: "Besides the four major kingdoms, there were several smaller kingdoms such as Loloda, Moro, and Obi, which were less influential due to domination by the larger kingdoms, but they still enrich Maluku’s historical record and deserve recognition."
- ^ Junaidi, Muhammad (2009), pp. 231–232: "The Moti Treaty was deeply political, involving major kingdoms in the Moloku Kie Raha region. It was a meeting to discuss a unified governance structure and effectively a delegation of power. Smaller kingdoms such as Loloda and Morotai were excluded or punished; Loloda’s late attendance led to its status being reduced to sangaji."
- ^ Fadhly & Warwefubun (2019), p. 3: "He [a local Islamic scholar] spread knowledge to the people of Ternate and other areas under the Sultan of Ternate, including North Maluku regions that previously had no religion, such as Loloda, Sahu, Payo, Susupu, and parts of Ternate Island."
- ^ Handoko, Wuri (2017), p. 180: "Although once recognized as an Islamic kingdom, Loloda was not included in the Motir Staten Verbond (Alliance of Maluku Kings, 1322–1343), and its kings never held the title of sultan."
Bibliography
[edit]- Handoko, Wuri (2017). "Kerajaan Loloda: Melacak Jejak Arkeologi Dan Sejarah". Kapata Arkeologi. 13 (2): 179–194. ISSN 2503-0876.
- Rahman, Abd. (2015). "Struktur Sosial Politik Kerajaan Loloda di Antara Minoritas Islam dan Mayoritas Kristen Abad XVII-XX". Al-Turāṡ. 21 (2): 205–228.
- Junaidi, Muhammad (2009). "Sejarah Konflik dan Perdamaian Di Maluku Utara". Academica. 1 (2): 222–247.
- Rahman, Abd. (2018). "Warisan Kolonial dan Marginalisasi Orang Loloda di Pantai Barat Halmahera". Masyarakat Indonesia. 44 (2): 36–47. ISSN 2502-5694.
- Fadhly, Muhammad; Warwefubun, Jamain (2019). "Islamisasi dan Arkeologi Islam di Susupu Jailolo". Intizar. 25 (1): 1–8. ISSN 2477-3816.
- Mansur, M.; Sofianto, K.; Mahzuni, D (2013). "Otoritas dan Legitimasi Studi Tentang Kedudukan Pemimpin Tradisional di Loloda Maluku-Utara (1808-1958)". Sosiohumaniora. 15 (1): 64–72.