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Turzyn, Szczecin

Coordinates: 53°25′36″N 14°31′51″E / 53.42667°N 14.53083°E / 53.42667; 14.53083
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the neighbourhood in Szczecin, Poland. For other uses, see Turzyn (disambiguation).
Turzyn
Municipal neighbourhood
Jagiellonska Street in Turzyn in 2009.
Jagiellonska Street in Turzyn in 2009.
Location within Szczecin
Location within Szczecin
Map of Turzyn
Map of Turzyn
Coordinates: 53°25′36″N 14°31′51″E / 53.42667°N 14.53083°E / 53.42667; 14.53083
Country Poland
Voivodeship West Pomeranian
City and countySzczecin
DistrictDowntown
Establishment1990
Seat17 Pocztowa Street
Area
 • Total
1.57 km2 (0.61 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
16,227
 • Density10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code+48 91
Car platesZS

Turzyn (German until 1945: Torney) is a municipal neighbourhood of Szczecin, Poland, located within the Downtown district. It is a mid-rise housing estate dominated by tenement houses. The neighbourhood has an area of 1.57 km2, and in 2022, was inhabited by 16,227 people. Turzyn dates to the High Middle Ages, when it was a small farming community. By the 20th century, it developed into a suburb, and was incorporated into the city in 1910.

Toponomy

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The name for Turzyn, historically known in German as Torney, comes from Slavic term for blackthorn, a species of a flowering plant in the rose family, comparably known colloquially in Polish as tarń. The villlage was named as such, as the plant grew in the fields surrounding it. Historically, Torney was also recorded with spellings Turnei and Turney.[1][2]

History

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In the High Middle Ages, Turzyn was a small farming community, located next to the city's boundaries of Szczecin, near the Passau Gate. The settlement, together with surrounded it farmlands, known as the Turzyn Municipal Field (German: Torneyer Stadtfelde; Polish: turzyńskie pole miejskie), were owned by the St. George Hospital Church (also known as the St. George Chapel). The building itself, located near the Passau Gate, probably near the current corner of Dworcowa and Trzeciego Maja Streets, was founded in 1335, and operated by the Kalands Brethren of the Catholic denomination, together with an adjacent hospital.[3][4][1] From 1557, the area was owned by the St. John the Evangelist Church in Szczecin. By that time, three windmills were located in the village.[1][2]

Between 1637 and 1639, the village was occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. It was subsequently destroyed by the soldiers stationed there, including its residential and farm buildings and the church. It was rebuilt, however, it was again occupied and partially destroyed in November 1659, when Szczecin was besieged by the Austrian and Brandenburgian forces during the Northern War. The village was rebuilt afterwards. The church building, which had been abandoned since 1657, was not rebuilt, and only its cemetery was left behind, before also disappearing across centuries.[1][5]

In the 17th century, the Swedish military built fortifications on the farm fields near Turzyn, including a bastion fort, known as the Star Fort or Star Rampart (German: Sternschanze; Polish: Gwiaździsty Szaniec). The area became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1720, the fortifications around Turzyn were rebuilt and expanded, forming the Fort Prussia, which was finished in 1741. Its construction necessitated the destruction of the village, which, after 1736, was resettled further to the north-west, around current Kordeckiego and Bohaterów Warszawy Streets. A new settlement had around 60 buildings, placed around a central town square. It was destroyed again in 1813, during the siege of Szczecin in the Napoleon's German campaign. The village was rebuilt in 1817, at a new location in the area of the current Wawrzyniaka, Mickiewicza, Piątego Lipca, and Ściegiennego Streets. The new settlement became known as Nowy Turzyn (German: Neu Torney, lit. New Turzyn), while the previous village was retroactively known as Old Turzyn (German: Alt Torney, lit. Old Turzyn). The fortifications were deconstructed after 1873.[1][6]

In 1815, the Turzyn Cemetery was established between the current Mickiewicza, Noakowskiego and Jagiellońska Streets. Upon it nearing its maximum capacity, the city limited the number of burials and turned a large portion into a park. The burials continued at reduced rate until 1928. In the 1960s, the cemetery was cleared and turned into the Stanisław Noakowski Park.[7][8][9]

In 1878, at the intersection of Piastów Avenue, Bolesława Krzywoustego Street and Sikorskiego Street, was opened the Schinkel Square, now known as the Tadeusz Kościuszko Square. Next to it was also adjacent a garden square, now known as the Janina Szczerska Square.[10][11]

By the early 20th century, the area developed into a suburb, and in 1910, it was incorporated into the city of Szczecin.[1]

In 1898, in the village, next to the current corner of Bohaterów Warszawy and Dwudziestego Szóstego Kwietnia Streets, was opened the Szczecin Turzyn railway station, originally known as Torney, and later Stettin-Torney.[12][13] On 4 October 1946, two passenger trains collided at the station, killing 7 people, and leaving 15 injured.[14][15]

The building of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the West Pomeranian University of Technology, built in 1901 for the Royal Higher School of Mechanical Engineering.

In 1901, at the current 37 Sikorskiego Street and 10 Piastów Avenue were opened two buildings of the Royal Higher School of Mechanical Engineering, a state vocational school. It operated until 1945.[16] In 1946, the Szczecin University of Technology, originally known as the Szczecin School of Engineering, was founded, with its headquarters at 37 Sikorskiego Street, in the former building of the Royal Higher School of Mechanical Engineering. It was established as a branch of the Poznań University of Technology, before becoming an independent institution the following year. In the following years, its campus acquired neighbouring buildings, including 10 Pułaskiego Street, and 17, 19, and 50 Piast Avenue, and had few others constructed nearby. In 1947, it offered education at faculties of electrical, land, and mechanical engineering, and was later expanded with chemistry and architecture, among others.[17]

The St. Andrew Bobola Church, built in 1933.

In 1933, at the current 22 Pocztowa Street was opened the St. Nicholas Church of the lutheran denomination. Following the end of the Second World War in 1945, the building was donated to the Jesuit Order of the Catholic denomination, and renamed to the St. Andrew Bobola Church. Following the renovations, it was reopened in 1952. Between 1955 and 1957, Jesuits were forced by the communist government to leave the city, being deemed to have a "bad influence on the youth and intelligentsia". In 1967, the church housed Agostino Casaroli, who was sent by the Holy See for the negotiations with the government of the Polish People's Republic. During the period of the martial law, which took place from 1981 to 1983, the church was used in distributing international aid, and numerous people involved in its activities were placed in the internment camps.[18][19]

In 1935, a children's hospital was opened at the current 44 Jagiellońska Street. Currently, in its building operates the Independent Public Health Care Facility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Administration.[20][21]

In the 1960s, at the corner of Bohaterów Warszawy and Dwudziestego Szóstego Kwietnia Streets, was founded the Turzyn Marketplace, the second oldest, and the largest marketplace in the post-war city, after vendors moved there from the closed Tobruk Martketplace in the New Town.[22] In 2001, the shopping mall Turzyn was opened in its central portion, with a vendor area of 27,500 m2.[23][24] In 2011, to the north was also opened the Nowy Turzyn shopping centre, with a vendor area of 14,185 m2.[25][26] Only the souther portion of the marketplace remains to the present day, making it the second largest in the city.[27][28]

In 1990, following the administrative reform in the city, Turzyn became one of its neighbourhoods governed by a locally elected council.[29]

In 2009, the Agricultural University of Szczecin and the Szczecin University of Technology, were joined together, forming the West Pomeranian University of Technology. The latter's campus was adopted by the new school, with the building at 37 Sikorskiego Street housing its Faculty of Electrical Engineering.[30]

In 2022, at a garden square between Bohaterów Warszawy Avenue, Bema Street, and Sikorskiego Street, was unveiled a bronze statue dedicated to Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, a 19th- and 20th-century engineer, electrician, and inventor. It was designed by sculptor Marian Molenda. The square it was placed at is also named in honour to Dolivo-Dobrovolsky.[31][32]

Overview

[edit]
The Stanisław Noakowski Park.

The neighbourhood consists of mid-rise housing, dominated by tenement houses.[1] In the northeaster corner of Turzyn, between Mickiewicza, Noakowskiego and Jagiellońska Streets, is located the Stanisław Noakowski Park.[9] It is neighboured by the Independent Public Health Care Facility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Administration at 44 Jagiellońska Street.[21] Additionally, at the intersection of Piastów Avenue, Bolesława Krzywoustego Street and Sikorskiego Street, is located the Tadeusz Kościuszko Square, with an adjacent garden square, known as the Janina Szczerska Square.[10][11] To the south, between Bohaterów Warszawy Avenue, Bema Street, and Sikorskiego Street, is placed the Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky Square, which features a state dedicated to its namesake, unvailed in 2022.[31][32]

A portion of the campus of the West Pomeranian University of Technology is located within Turzyn, including the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at 37 Sikorskiego Street and the Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering at 42 Piastów Avenue.[33][34]

Within the neighbourhood, at 40 and 42 Bohaterów Warszawy Street, are located shopping centres Nowy Turzyn and Turzyn, with the shopping areas of 14,185 and 27,500 m2 respectively.[24][25][26] Next to them, at the corner with Dwudziestego Szóstego Kwietnia Street is also placed the Turzyn Marketplace, which is the second largest marketplace in the city.[27][28]

Within Turzyn are also present the St. Andrew Bobola Church of the Catholic denomination, at 22 Pocztowa Street, and the Church of the Protection of Our Lady of the Eastern Orthodox denomination, at 43 Mickiewicza Street.[18][35]

Government

[edit]

Turzyn is one of the municipal neighbourhoods of Szczecin, governed by a locally elected council with 21 members. Its headquarters are located at 17 Pocztowa Street.[29][36]

Its boundaries are approximately determined by Mickiewicza Street, Bolesława Śmiałego Street, Grey Ransk Square, Piątego Lipca Street, Piastów Avenue, Mieszka I Street, and alongside the tracks of the railway line no. 406. The neighbourhood borders Łękno, Downtown-North, Centre, Downtown-West, New Town, Pomorzany, Gumieńce, Świerczewo, and Pogodno.[29] Turzyn has a total area of 1.57 km2.[37]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Marek Łuczak: Szczecin Turzyn. Szczecin: Pomorskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, 2011. ISBN 9788375182996. (in Polish)
  2. ^ a b Carl Fredrich: Die älteren Stettiner Straßennamen im Rahmen der älteren Stadtentwicklung. Szczecin, 1926, pp. 83-84. (in German)
  3. ^ Tadeusz Białecki (editor): Encyklopedia Szczecina. Szczecin: University of Szczecin, Instytut Historii, 1999, p. 487. ISBN 83-87341-45-2. (in Polish)
  4. ^ Edward Włodarczyk (editor): Szczecin na przestrzeni wieków: historia, kultura, sztuka. Szczecin: Wydawnictwo 13 Muz, 1995, p. 140. ISBN 9788390115931. (in Polish)
  5. ^ B. Seyda: "Z przeszłości służby zdrowia i szpitali Szczecina", [in:] Szczecin, pismo poświęcone sprawom regionu zachodniopomorskiego, issue 1-2/1958. Szczecin, 1958, p. 74. (in Polish)
  6. ^ B. Kozińska: Rozwój przestrzenny Szczecina od początku XIX wieku do II wojny światowej. Szczecin, 2002, pp. 26, 36. (in Polish)
  7. ^ "Cmentarze Szczecina". cmentarze.szczecin.pl (in Polish).
  8. ^ "Przewodnik po szczecińskich cmentarzach. Śródmieście". miasta.gazeta.pl (in Polish). 30 November 2006. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007.
  9. ^ a b "Park przy ul. Noakowskiego". zalewszczecinski.treespot.pl (in Polish).
  10. ^ a b Tadeusz Białecki (editor): Encyklopedia Szczecina. Szczecin: Szczecińskie Towarzystwo Kultury, 2015, p. 476–477. ISBN 978-83-942725-0-0, OCLC 92494168. (in Polish)
  11. ^ a b "Skwer im. Janiny Szczerskiej. Szczecin". urbanity.pl (in Polish).
  12. ^ "Szczecin Turzyn". atlaskolejowy.net (in Polish).
  13. ^ Sołtys Ciecina (8 September 2012). "Po szynach przez historię: Linia kolejowa do Polic i Trzebieży". szczecin.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish).
  14. ^ Łukasz Skubisz: "Katastrofa na Turzynie", [in:] Szczeciner, no. 3/2013, Szczecin, 2013, p. 82–83. (in Polish)
  15. ^ "Jakie tragedie zatajono w PRL-u? Katastrofy kolejowe, o których się nie mówiło". i.pl (in Polish). 6 March 2012.
  16. ^ Tadeusz Białecki (editor): Encyklopedia Szczecina. Wydanie jubileuszowe z okazji 70-lecia polskiego Szczecina. Szczecin: Szczecińskie Towarzystwo Kultury, 2015, p. 1139, ISBN 978-83-942725-0-0. (in Polish)
  17. ^ Paweł Gut: Polskie początki akademickiego Szczecina (lata 1946–1955)", [in:] Piotr Niedzielski, Waldemar Tarczyński (editors): Akademicki Szczecin: XVI-XXI wiek, Szczecin: University of Szczecin, 2016, pp. 115–120, ISBN 978-83-7972-071-2 (in Polish)
  18. ^ a b "Modernistyczny kościół przy ul. Pocztowej w Szczecinie zabytkiem". 24kurier.pl (in Polish). 25 March 2020.
  19. ^ "Parafia Rzymskokatolicka pw. św. Andrzeja Boboli w Szczecinie". jezuici.pl (in Polish).
  20. ^ "Streszczenia referatów wygłoszonych w trakcie XXVII Sympozjum Historii Farmacji". archiwum.aptekarzpolski.pl (in Polish). 2 June 2018.
  21. ^ a b "SP ZOZ MSWIA. O nas". gov.pl (in Polish).
  22. ^ "Jak się zmieniał Szczecin? Od 'Tobruku' do "Turzyna" [GALERIA]". 24kurier.pl (in Polish). 4 August 2024. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024.
  23. ^ Szymon Sidorowski (27 October 2015). "Galeria Handlowa 'Turzyn' będzie jak nowa. Co się zmieni? [WIZUALIZACJE]" (in Polish).
  24. ^ a b "Turzyn". retailmap.pl (in Polish).
  25. ^ a b "Centrum Handlowe Turzyn. Szczecin, Bohaterów Warszawy 40". urbanity.pl (in Polish).
  26. ^ a b "Galeria Turzyn w Szczecinie już otwarta! [wideo, zdjęcia]". szczecin.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish). 16 April 2011.
  27. ^ a b "To jedne z ostatnich szczecińskich targowisk. Co się na nich dzieje?". wszczecinie.pl (in Polish). 9 September 2019.
  28. ^ a b Radosław Dąbrowski (24 February 2025). "Targowiska Szczecina: Manhattan, Turzyn i inne. Gdzie na spacer? Gdzie na zakupy? 24.02.2025". gs24.pl (in Polish).
  29. ^ a b c "Uchwała Nr VIII/53/90 z dnia 28 listopada 1990 r. w sprawie utworzenia w mieście Szczecinie dzielnic i osiedli" (PDF). bip.um.szczecin.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2016.
  30. ^ "Ustawa z dnia 5 września 2008 r. o utworzeniu Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie". isap.sejm.gov.pl (in Polish).
  31. ^ a b Leszek Wójcik (9 June 2025). "Na skwerze im. Michała Doliwo-Dobrowolskiego w Szczecinie odsłonięto kamień milowy". gs24.pl (in Polish).
  32. ^ a b "To jedyny na świecie pomnik tego zasłużonego wynalazcy. Właśnie stanął w Szczecinie [foto]". wszczecinie.pl (in Polish). 9 June 2022.
  33. ^ "Wydział Elektryczny. O wydziale". we.zut.edu.pl (in Polish).
  34. ^ "Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej. O wydziale". wtiich.zut.edu.pl (in Polish).
  35. ^ "Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Szczecinie". grekokatolicy.pl (in Polish). 27 July 2018.
  36. ^ "Rada Osiedla Turzyn". turzyn.osiedla.szczecin.pl (in Polish).
  37. ^ "Geoportal Szczecin". geoportal.szczecin.pl (in Polish).
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