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Gumieńce

Coordinates: 53°24′47.88″N 14°29′52.08″E / 53.4133000°N 14.4978000°E / 53.4133000; 14.4978000
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Gumieńce
Municipal neighbourhood
Ku Słońcu Street in 2025.
Ku Słońcu Street in 2025.
Location within Szczecin
Location within Szczecin
Coordinates: 53°24′47.88″N 14°29′52.08″E / 53.4133000°N 14.4978000°E / 53.4133000; 14.4978000
Country Poland
Voivodeship West Pomeranian
City and countySzczecin
DistrictWest
Seat76 Ku Słońcu Street
Area
 • Total
10.4 km2 (4.0 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
22,116
 • Density2,100/km2 (5,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code+48 91
Car platesZS

Gumieńce (Polish pronounciation: [ɡumjɛˈnit͡sɛ]; German until 1945: Scheune; Latin: Orreum) is a municipal neighbourhood of Szczecin, Poland, located within the West district. It is a low-rise housing. Gumieńce has an area of 10.4 km2, and in 2022, was inhabited by 22,116 people, making it the second most populus neighbourhood in the city. It includes the Central Cemetery, which had over 300,000 burials, and with an area of 172.33 ha, is the largest cemetery in Poland, the third largest in Europe, and one of the largest in the world.

The first signs of human presence in the area of the modern Gumieńce date to the Neolithic period, and there were discovered signs of former settlements dating as far as the 4th century BCE. The oldest records the name of Gumieńce date to 1229, when it was a small farming community. The area began rapidly developing in the second half of the 19th century, with the construction of the housing estates in the area, as well as large brickworks and one of the largest sugar refineries in the region. In 1901, one of the largest cemeteries in Europe, now known as the Central Cemetery, was opened in its southeastern portion. The village was incorporated into the city in 1939.

Toponomy

[edit]

The name of Gumieńce comes from Polish term gumno, meaning the threshing floor, as it was used in construction of the first buildings in the area, due to their placement of a marshy ground.[1] The oldest known records of the name, then spelt Gumence, come from 1229.[2][3] Its German and Latin names, Scheune and Orreum, respectively, were calques of the Polish name.[1]

History

[edit]
The Our Lady of Rosary Church, dating to the 15th century.

The first signs of human presence in the area of the modern Gumieńce date to the Neolithic period. Later, a large settlement of the Hallstatt culture (between 1200 and 450 BCE), was present in the area. During archaeological research, a cemetery with 60 urns of the Lusatian culture (between 1200 and 500 BC), was discovered near the current Mieszka I Street in Gumieńce. A weaver's tool and pieces of ceramics were also found in the area. It was determined that there used to be a small settlement, dating back to the 4th century BCE. In the Early Middle Ages, three settlements were present in the area of the modern neighbourhood. In addition, pieces of dishes, bones, and charcoal from an 11th to 12th century settlement were discovered alongside the Jasna Woda stream. At the end of the stream, 12 silver coins buried there before 1039 were also found.[2]

The oldest known mention of Gumieńce, then spelt as Gumence, comes from 1229 documents issued by Duke Barnim I, in which, he reaffirmed ownership of lands in the area, previously given to the Order of Saint John by his father, Bogislaw II, and grandfather, Bogislaw I. Its name was also recorded in Latin as Orreum in a document from 1253.[2][3] In German, the settlement was known as Scheune. It was a farming community, growing wheat and barley on fertile soil. The settlement was founded on a marshland.[2][1] By 1300, in the village was present the Gumieńce Church, then a wooden structure, which belonged to the Roman Catholic Parish of St. James the Apostle. In the 15th century, it was replaced with the current building, now known as the Our Lady of Rosary Church, located at the current 1 Lwowska Street. In the 13th century, the village was owned by the Bishopric of Cammin. In 1300, Duke Barnim I, transferred to Gumieńce the ownership of the village of Będargowo, together with its church, to Gumieńce, as well as half of the tithe payments of the village of Kamieniec. Additionally, other Catholic Church institutions, such as the Premonstratensian monastery in Pudagla on the Usedom island, and the St. Otto Church in Szczecin, collected tributes from Gumieńce as well. In the 15th century, the village was a feudal property of knight families and townspeople. In 1659, during siege of Szczecin in the Second Northern War, the village was occupied by the Brandenburgian troops, and survived the conflict without major destruction. By the 15th century, next to Gumieńce also functioned a small hamlet of Ostoja (German: Schadeleben). In the 17th century, Gumieńce was sparsely populated.[2]

The manor house at 1 Husarów Street, built after 1810.

In 1820, following a legal dispute ending with the abolition of serfdom in a nearby village of Krzekowo (then Kreckow), the city of Szczecin was ordered to give them 1,726 morgen (440.7 ha) of land. As compensation, the city received 11,129 morgen (2841.5 ha) of land, of which 749 morgen (191.2 ha) were located in Gumieńce. The area was then used to form a hereditary leasehold estate around the hamlet of Ostoja. In 1825, a manor house was also built there, which was later expanded in the 1860s.[2] Another manor house was also built after 1810, at the current 1 Husarów Street.[4] By the 19th century, the village of Słowieńsko (also known as Wendzin; German: Wendorf), was also present in the area, at the corner of the current Ku Słońcu and Dworska Streets.[2][1] In 1862, Gumieńce, Ostoja, and Słowieńsko had a combined population of 770 people, including 48 households and 64 farm buildings. There also operated a small school, adjacent to the church, and four brick works, sourcing local clay and marl, with the largest of them producing two hundred thousand bricks annually. In the second half of the 19th century, a portion of the farmlands of Gumieńce were transferred to the estates of Ostoja and Słowieńsko, reducing the size of the village. By 1865, there operated one large farm and several smaller ones. The area began rapidly developing at the turn of the 20th century, with the development of the housing estates of Gumieńce, Słowieńsko, and Świerczewo, reaching a population of 4496 people. In 1884, at the current Cukrowa Street was opened one of the largest sugar refineries in the Province of Pomerania.[2] In 1893, the Szczecin Gumieńce railway station, originally known as Scheune, was opened at the corner of the current Cukrowa and Husarów Streets, as part of the Berlin–Szczecin railway.[5] In 1899, next to it was also opened the Gumieńce Wąskotorowe (German: Scheune Ldb.) station of the narrow-gauge railway line between Pomorzany and Casekow, which operated until 1946, with most of the rail tracks being removed afterwards.[2][6][7]

The main gate of the Central Cemetery, built in 1903.

In 1901, the Central Cemetery, originally known as the Main Cemetery, was opened to the east of Gumieńce. The Romanesque Revival chapel and a monumental 77-meter-long main entrance gate, were opened in 1903. The cemetery was designed a picturesque park and a memorial garden. The cemetery had 57,000 burials by 1918, and 117,000 by 1940. In 1930, a modernist chapel was opened near the current Leszczynowa Street. It was destroyed during the Second World War, and its ruins were removed in 1984. The Romanesque Revival chapel was also damaged during the conflict, and was later destroyed in a fire in 1981, and following a long reconstruction process, it was finally reopened in 1994. Currently, with the area of 172.33 ha, it is the largest cemetery in Poland, the third largest in Europe, and one of the largest in the world, and had over 300,000 burials.[8][9][10]

Between 1924 and 1926, an airstrip was operated near the current Cukrowa Street.[2][11] In 1936, the Postal Neighbourhood (Polish: Osiedle Pocztowe; German: Postsiedlung Sucksdorf) was founded between the current Ku Słońcu, Miarki, Pięknej, and Sucharskiego Streets. Before 1945, it had a population of around five thousand people. Świerczewo was incorporated into Szczecin in 1911, while Gumieńce, Słowieńsko, and Ostoja, on 15 October 1939. During the Second World War, three forced labour camps were operated in Gumieńce.[2] Słowieńsko was destroyed during the conflict, and was not rebuilt afterwards.[2][1] In 1945, Ostoja was separated from the city, becoming a village.[2]

In the 1930s, an artificial pond, now known at the Sunny Lake, was formed by flooding a natural depression, surrounded by a housing estate. In the 1950s, its coast was used as a beach.[12] A garden square was developed around it, which was named the Adina Blady-Szwajger Park.[13][14]

In the 1980s, a housing estate of Reda, with apartment buildings, was developed at the corner of Krakowska and Południowa Street, for the employees of Polska Żegluga Morska (Polish Maritime Shipping).[2]

In 1990, following the administrative reform in the city, Gumieńce became one of its municipal neighbourhoods, governed by a locally elected council.[15]

In 1999, the shopping centre Ster, was opened at 67 Ku Słońcu Street, with a floor area of 32,000 m2.[16]

In 2013, the Western Cemetery was opened in the southwest of the neighbourhood, at the corner of Bronowicka and Janiny Smoleńskiej Streets.[17] It did not became popular with the city inhabitants, with only around 100 burials taking place there by 2015.[18]

In 2020, the shopping centre Rondo Hakena Park, was opened at 18 and 20 Południowa Street, with has a floor area of 10,000 m2.[19]

Since 2020, the Saint Cyril and Methodius Church is being constructed at 6 Rajkowa Street.[20]

Overview

[edit]
The arial view of the Central Cemetery.

Gumieńce is a residential neighbourhood dominated by low-rise housing. Additionally, there is a high-rise multifamily housing estate of Reda placed at the corner of Krakowska and Południowa Street. Within its boundaries is also located the historic area of Słowieńsko, placed at the corner of Dworska and Ku Słuńcu Street.[2] Nearby is also present the Adina Blady-Szwajger Park, centred around the Sunny Lake, an artificial pond formed in the 1930s.[12][13][14] Gumieńce also features the shopping centres of Ster at 67 Ku Słońcu Street, and Rondo Hakena Park at 18 and 20 Południowa Street.[16][19]

The northeastern part of the neighbourhood features the Central Cemetery, which had over 300,000 burials, and with an area of 172.33 ha, is the largest cemetery in Poland, the third largest in Europe, and one of the largest in the world. It also includes the Romanesque Revival chapel and a monumental 77-meter-long main entrance gate, both dating to 1903. The area has the form of a recreational garden. It features numerous memorials, including to the Heroes of the September 1939, Victims of Stalinism, Those Who Did Not Return From the Sea, Exiles to Siberia, and the Katyń Cross, among others.[8][9][10] Additionally, the Western Cemetery is also present in the southwestern part of Gumieńce, at the corner of Bronowicka and Smoleńskiej Streets.[17] The neighbourhood also includes 19th-century historic buildings of a manor house at 1 Husarów Street, and a smock mill at 24 Mieszka I Street.[4][21]

The Szczecin Gumieńce railway station, which is part of the Berlin–Szczecin railway, is located at the corner of Cukrowa and Husarów Streets.[5]

The neighbourhood also features the Our Lady of Rosary Church, dating to the 15th century, which belongs to the Catholic denomination, and is located at the 1 Lwowska Street.[2]

Government

[edit]

Gumieńce is one of the municipal neighbourhoods of Szczecin, governed by a locally elected council with 15 members. Its headquarters are located at 76 Ku Słońcu Street.[15][22]

Its boundaries are approximately determined by Bukowa Street, Witkiewicza Street, Derdowskiego, Ku Słońcu Street, the railway line no. 406, Mieszka I Street, Białowieska Street, railway line no. 432, Krygiera Street, Cukrowa Street, Do Rajkowa Street, railway line no. 408 and 409, Okulickiego Street, Mierzyńska Street, and Welecka Streetm, and alongside the boundries of the city of Szczecin. Gumieńce borders the neighbourhoods of Krzekowo-Bezrzecze, Pogodno, Pomorzany, Świerczewo, and Turzyn, as well as municipalities of Dobra Szczecińska and Kołbaskowo of Poliec County, with the villages of Mierzyn and Warzymice. The neighbourhood has a total area of 10.4 km2.[23]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Tadeusz Białecki (editor): Encyklopedia Szczecina. Wydanie jubileuszowe z okazji 70-lecia polskiego Szczecina. Szczecin: Szczecińskie Towarzystwo Kultury, 2015, pp. 476–477, ISBN 978-83-942725-0-0. (in Polish). (in Polish)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Marek Łuczak: Szczecin: Gumieńce, Świerczewo. Szczecin: Zapol. 2010, ISBN 978-83-60140-68-0. (in Polish)
  3. ^ a b Pommersches Urkundenbuch. I. Band. 786-1253. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Dr. R. Klempin, Staats-Archivar zu Stettin. I. Abtheilung: Regesten, Berichtigungen und Ergänzungen zu Hasselbach's und Kosegarten' s Codex Pomeraniae diplomaticus. Szczecin, 1868, p. 209, 440. (in German)
  4. ^ a b "Uratowali chylący się ku upadkowi szczeciński dworek i mają na niego konkretny pomysł [foto]". wszczecinie.pl. 18 November 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Szczecin Gumieńce". atlaskolejowy.net (in Polish).
  6. ^ Klaus Kieper, Reiner Preuß: DDR-Schmalspurbahnarchiv. Transpress, 1982. ISBN 978-3-613-71405-2. (in German)
  7. ^ Manfred Weisbrod, Hans Wiegard: Deutsches Lok-Archiv: Dampflokomotiven 6 (Regelspurige Privatbahnlokomotiven bei der DR). Transpress, 1998. ISBN 3-344-71044-3. (in German)
  8. ^ a b Anna Bartczak, Maciej Słomiński, Aleksandra Stachak: Cmentarz Centralny w Szczecinie. Ogromny park pochował umarłych... Szczecin: Kadruk, 2005, ISBN 83-89341-27-1. (in Polish)
  9. ^ a b J. Wohl: 100 lat Cmentarza Centralnego w Szczecinie. Pomnik historii miasta. Drawsko Pomorskie: Agencja Wohl-Press, 2007, ISBN 978-83-917301-1-9, OCLC 233501962. (in Polish)
  10. ^ a b "Cmentarz Centralny w Szczecinie". cmentarze.szczecin.pl (in Polish).
  11. ^ "Historia szczecińskich lotnisk". aeroklubszczecinski.pl (in Polish).
  12. ^ a b Tadeusz Białecki, Lucyna Turek-Kwiatkowska: Szczecin stary i nowy. Encyklopedyczny zarys historycznych dzielnic i osiedli oraz obiektów fizjograficznych miasta, Szczecin: Szczecińskie Towarzystwo Kultury, 1991. (in Polish)
  13. ^ a b Jolanta Kowalewska (27 April 2021). "Będzie park Adiny Blady-Szwajger. Mówiła: 'Jestem polską Żydówką'. Jak głosowali radni PiS?". szczecin.wyborcza.pl (in Polish).
  14. ^ a b "Park Zieleniec". rowery.wzp.pl (in Polish).
  15. ^ a b "Uchwała Nr VIII/53/90 z dnia 28 listopada 1990 r. w sprawie utworzenia w mieście Szczecinie dzielnic i osiedli" (PDF). bip.um.szczecin.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2016.
  16. ^ a b "Centrum Handlowe Ster Szczecin, Ku Słońcu 67". urbanity.pl (in Polish).
  17. ^ a b "Cmentarz przy ul. Bronowickiej w Szczecinie w końcu zostanie otwarty! Dwa lata po terminie". szczecin.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish). 28 May 2013.
  18. ^ Celina Wojda (4 January 2016). "Na cmentarzu za miliony groby są w fatalnym stanie". gs24.pl (in Polish).
  19. ^ a b "Otwarcie Retail Park Mieszka w Szczecinie". urbanity.pl (in Polish). 4 May 2020.
  20. ^ Marek Jaszczyński (22 April 2020). "Nowy kościół św. św. Cyryla i Metodego na pograniczu Szczecina i Warzymic. Kaplica w garażu, a potem świątynia". gs24.pl (in Polish).
  21. ^ "Szczeciński Cmentarz Centralny - jeden z trzech największych w Europie". wiadomosci.onet.p. 29 October 2014.
  22. ^ "Rada Osiedla Pomorzany". pomorzany.osiedla.szczecin.pl (in Polish).
  23. ^ "Geoportal Szczecin". geoportal.szczecin.pl (in Polish).
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