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Baronage of Scotland

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Chapeau of a Scots Baron
The chapeau (or cap of maintenance) represents Scot barons in historical heraldry instead of a coronet
The Ancient Nobility of the
Baronage of Scotland
Baronial Rank of Nobility[1]
  • Baron (1st degree) 90% are barons
  • Lord (2nd degree) very rare
  • Earl (3rd degree) very rare
  • Marquis (4th degree) only 1
  • Duke (5th degree) only 1
Titled nobles in the Baronage
Topics
Convention of the Three Estates
Ayton Castle, Scottish Borders, caput of the barony of Ayton. Built in 1851 in the Scottish Baronial style by William Mitchell-Innes, then baron of Ayton, to the design of James Gillespie Graham

In Scotland, the titles of "baron" or "baroness" refer to holders of a barony within the Baronage of Scotland, a rank of the ancient Scottish nobility. These are hereditary titles of honour,[2][3] traditionally granted by Crown charter as free baronies. Their legal recognition is upheld by various institutions, including the Court of the Lord Lyon,[4] the Scottish Parliament,[5] institutional writers[6][7] and official sources such as the Scottish Law Commission.[8][9]

Although being historically referred to as feudal barons, this terminology has become obsolete. Following the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, which came into force in 2004, Scottish baronies ceased to be connected to land ownership. They became non-territorial dignities, or personal honours in law, with no associated land rights.[10] The correct modern usage is simply "baron".[11]

Scottish barons are recognised as noble[12] but are not peers and do not belong to the Peerage of Scotland. By contrast, an English barony is a peerage title, though under the Tenures Abolition Act 1660, some feudal baronies remain as baronies held by free socage. The peerage status of Scottish barons is disputed;[13] they are considered minor barons, holding noble titles of lower rank than peers. The Scottish equivalent of an English baron is a Lord of Parliament, which is a peerage title and ranks above a baron. Scottish barons are acknowledged as titled nobility, affirmed by the Lyon Court’s 1943 Petition of Maclean of Ardgour, which recognised barones minores (minor barons) as part of Scotland’s historic feudal nobility.[14]

Scottish baronies are unique among British noble titles in that they may be succeeded by alienation, not solely by inheritance. Unlike peerage titles, they are not governed by strict succession rules and have remainders to "heirs and assignees", as stated in Crown charters. These titles are also excluded from the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925, since they are not newly created honours but existing dignities recognised in law.

The heraldic privileges associated with baronies are regulated by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who retains authority over arms in Scotland. A Scottish barony may be inherited or alienated to any individual, regardless of gender.[15] The institution of the Scottish baronage predates the Scottish peerage, and the two continue to coexist.

History

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Scottish baronies were historically the only form of British nobility held by prescriptive feudal tenure, capable of being disponed with the land or the caput (seat) rather than passing solely through hereditary succession. The earliest formal structuring of the Scottish table of precedence appears in 1592 statutes and King Charles I's warrants, which positioned barons as ranking below baronets and knights, but above lairds, esquires, and gentlemen. Sir Thomas Innes of Learney explained that the 1672 Act, cap. 47, classified ranks as peers, barons (if without a fief, equivalent to heads of Continental baronial houses), and gentlemen (including all other armigers).[16] In this framework, baronets and knights were considered gentlemen and thus ranked below barons. Though a barony was not a peerage, it was recognised as a noble dignity, and titles such as "Baron of X" reflected the territorial nature of Scottish nobility.

The General Register of Sasines, established by statute in 1617, allowed baronies to be legally registered, granting prescriptive rights to the caput over time. Possession of the land containing the caput conferred the title of baron or baroness. In 1672, the Lyon Register was created to regulate armorial bearings; no arms could be legally used in Scotland unless recorded therein, resolving disputes over heraldic rights.

Until 1874, new barons were confirmed by the Crown through charters of confirmation. By law, a Scottish barony required a Crown charter erecting the land into a barony, recorded in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland. Even if the original charter was lost, an official extract carried the same legal weight. Barons held their estates directly of the Crown or the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland, and the barony’s legal status depended on this superior feudal relationship.

Scottish barons were part of the political structure of pre-Union Scotland. They sat in the Parliament of Scotland as members of the Second Estate. In 1428, lesser barons were permitted to elect commissioners to represent them, due to the burdens of travel. These representatives joined the Third Estate alongside burgh and shire commissioners, though the barons retained their personal right to attend until the Union of 1707. Greater barons often gained peerages over time, becoming lords of parliament, earls, or dukes, while lesser barons retained local influence, particularly through baron's courts and administrative roles.

Following the 1707 Acts of Union, legislative power affecting Scottish private law transferred to the unified British Parliament at Westminster. This arrangement remained in place until the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999. During this period, landowners often used “prescriptive feudal grants” to impose perpetual obligations - called real burdens - on land, which were recognised by courts and functioned similarly to English leaseholds.

The first Scottish Government (or Executive) was committed to abolishing the feudal system. This culminated in the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, which came fully into effect on 28 November 2004. With the Act, the feudal system was abolished, and baronies became incorporeal hereditaments[17][18] - intangible in status, similar to hereditary peerages, baronetcies, and coats of arms. Although baronies no longer conferred any legal right to land, the Act explicitly preserved their status as a dignity.[19][20][21] This marked the end of the ability to acquire a barony by purchasing land containing the caput.

Baronies are now fully “floating”[clarification needed] under Scots law and can be freely assigned or bequeathed. If a baron dies intestate, the dignity is inherited according to the pre-1964 rules of succession, preserved for titles and dignities by the Succession (Scotland) Act 1964.[22][23] The Court of the Lord Lyon, as the heraldic authority of Scotland, continues to regulate the heraldic aspects of baronies. The holder of a barony may petition the Lyon Court for a grant of arms and is entitled to bear the appropriate helm and additaments befitting the dignity.[24] However, the Lyon Court has no jurisdiction over the legal assignation of baronies, which is a matter of civil law.[citation needed]

Most Scottish baronies were created prior to 1745, though some were erected as late as 1824. One of the oldest surviving baronies, the Baron of the Bachuil, is exceptional in that it does not depend on land ownership. Instead, the title passes with possession of an ancient staff known as the Bachuil Mór, once belonging to Saint Moluag. The lawful possessor of the staff is recognised as the Baron of the Bachuil, irrespective of any landholding - a tradition predating the feudal system itself.[citation needed]

Although Scottish baronies are now entirely incorporeal in law, in some common law jurisdictions outside Scotland, particularly the United States, a barony may still be treated as a landholding entity. In these cases, land titled to “the Baron of X” is considered held in a fee simple attached to the barony.[25] This concept has not yet been tested in the Scottish courts.

Styles and forms of address

[edit]

Scottish baronial titles are typically used by landed families not possessing a British peerage title of higher rank, a knighthood, or similar distinction. The name recorded by the Lord Lyon King of Arms in a grant of arms or matriculation becomes the holder’s official name for all purposes. Holders of a Scottish barony may incorporate the title into their name as “John Doe, Baron of X” or “Jane Doe, Baroness of X”. If still in possession of the caput, they may use a territorial designation, such as “John Doe of X, Baron of X” or “Jane Doe of X, Baroness of X”. Some ancient Scottish families prefer to be styled solely by the territorial designation, such as “Doe of X”.[26][27][28]

Socially, they may be addressed as “Baron of X”, “Baroness of X”, or simply “X”. When introduced or referred to in the third person, the correct form is “John Doe of X, Baron of X” or “The Baron of X” for males, and “Jane Doe, Baroness of X” or “The Baroness of X” for females. It is incorrect to use “Baron X” or “Lord X”, as these imply a peerage title, such as Lord of Parliament.[29] Female barons, whether substantive holders or wives, may also be addressed as “Lady X” without the “of”,[30] following the social custom for female lairds or their wives.

In a heterosexual married couple where the husband holds the barony, the wife is granted a courtesy title. They may be styled as “The Baron and Baroness of X”, “X and Madam Doe of X”, “X and Lady X”, or “The Baron of X and Lady X”.[26] The husband of a baroness does not receive a courtesy title. The eldest son of a baron or baroness may use the territorial designation with the suffix “yr” (younger), such as “James Doe of X, yr”. The eldest daughter may be styled with “Maid of X” appended to her name, such as “Sandra Doe, Maid of X”.

For use on United Kingdom passports, the applicant must provide evidence that the Lord Lyon has recognised the barony or that the title is listed in Burke’s Peerage. If approved, the territorial designation is included as part of the surname, such as “Doe of X”. An observation[31] may note the full title, for example, “The holder is John Doe, Baron of X”.[32] In formal correspondence or on envelopes, the honorific prefix The Much Honoured (abbreviated as The Much Hon.) distinguishes Scottish barons and baronesses from peers e.g. The Much Honoured Baron of X or The Much Honoured Baroness of X.[citation needed]

Heraldry

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A Scottish baron's helmet
An azure chapeau

Barons in Scotland may wear two eagle feathers when dressed in traditional attire.[33][34] For those belonging to a clan, the wearing of feathers is subject to consultation with the clan chief regarding clan customs and traditions, as the Lord Lyon provides guidance but does not govern this practice. From the 1930s to 2004, when new arms were granted or existing arms were matriculated with recognition of a barony, the owner could petition for a chapeau or cap of maintenance as part of their armorial achievement. This chapeau, described as gules doubled ermine, was used for barons in possession of the caput of the barony, while an azure chapeau was deemed suitable for heirs of ancient baronial families no longer owning the estates. The chapeau was a relatively modern armorial addition introduced by the late Lyon Innes of Learney. Consequently, many ancient baronial arms do not feature the chapeau, and it is no longer granted.

Following the Treaty of Perth in 1266, Norway ceded its claim to the Hebrides and Man, integrating them into Scotland. In 1292, Argyll was established as a shire, making barons of Argyll and the Isles, which predated the Kingdom of Scotland, eligible to attend the Parliament of Scotland, as recorded at the parliament in St Andrews in 1309. Historically, these barons also used a chapeau described as gules doubled ermines, with the notable distinction that ermines refers to white tails on a black field. A notable exception exists with the Barony of the Bachuil, which is allodial rather than feudal, predating Scotland and its feudal system from the Gaelic Kingdom of Dál Riata (AD 562). As an allodial baron par la grâce de Dieu (by the Grace of God), not by feudal crown grant, the Baron of the Bachuil is uniquely permitted to use a chapeau lined with vair (squirrel fur).[35]

List of titled nobles in the Baronage of Scotland

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Baronage of Scotland
List of — Titled Nobles:
Barons / Baronesses or Ladies
Lords
Earls / Countesses
Marquis & Duke

List of Baronies in the Baronage of Scotland

[edit]

Below is an incomplete list of Baronies created in the Scottish baronage. Titles in italics are subsidiary baronial titles held by the same baron. Titles linked and with The before the name is the holder's primary title.

Title Creation date Infeft Arms Incumbent Heir Notes
The Baron of Abbotshall 17c  
 
The Baron of Abergeldie 1482 1963  
  		John Gordon, 21st Baron of Abergeldie Formerly of Abergeldie Castle[36]
The Baron of Aden 1333 2015  
  		Alexander Russell of Aden, Baron of Aden
The Baron of Aiket extinct
The Baron of Alford 17c  
  		Kerry Hamer, Baron of Alford Died 2019[37]
The Baron of Alforshire   Charles Cogdill, Baron of Alfordshiire and Trent
Baron of Trent 2002
The Baron of Anstruther 16c 2016  
  		Ryan Pannell, Baron of Anstruther
The Baron of Ardblair 1399 1979  
  		Laurence Oliphant, Baron of Ardblair and Gask
Baron of Gask 1981
The Baron of Ardgour 16c 1988  
  		Giancarlo Bonifazi, Baron of Ardgour
The Baron of Ardgowan 13c 2004  
  		Stephen Kerr, Baron of Ardgowan Died July 2004.[38] Previous baron was Sir Houston Shaw-Stewart of Ardgowan house,[39] held by family for 800 years[citation needed]
The Baron of Ardgrain 2013   Pepijn Hendriks, Baron of Ardgrain
The Baron of Ardoch 16c 1987  
  		Thomas Mackay, 21st Laird and Baron (Mackay) of Ardoch
The Baron of Arndilly 17c 2013   David Menzies of Arndilly, Baron of Arndilly
The Baron of Arnisdale 17c  
The Baron of Arnot 1507  
 
The Baron of Auchreoch 15C  
The Baron of Auchendarroch 17c 2001  
  		Keir Charles Campbell, 5th Baron of Auchendarroch [40]
The Baron of Auchindoir 15c 1966  
  		Alisdair Barlas of Craig, Baron of Auchindoir Family married the Barlas, Barons of Corrachree[citation needed]
The Baron of Auchinleck 15c  
 
The Baron of Auchmacoy 16c 2014  
  		Charles Buchan of Auchmacoy, Baron of Auchmacoy, Clan Chief of the Buchan[41] Barony held for 19 generations[citation needed]
The Baron of Auchterhouse 13c  
 
The Baron of Auchtermunzie 1437  
  		Jose Fernando Gutierrez Eddy, Baron of Auchtermunzie[42]
Baron of Auchterutherstruther 17c 2004  
  		Abigail Busch Reisinger, Countess of Crawfurd-Lindsay, Baroness of Auchterutherstruthe Father is Baron of Inneryne[43]
The Earl of Crawfurd-Lindsay
The Baron of Ayton  
 
The Baron of the Bachuil 9c 2008  
  		Niall Livingstone of Bachuil, Baron of Bachuil 'By The Grace of God'; Head of clan MacLea[44] Title predates the Kingdom of Scotland, without a feudal superior, making him the only person in the country with "By The Grace of God" in his passport, a phrase usually reserved for monarchy.[45]
The Baron of Badenscoth 1823  
The Baron of Balcaskie 17c 1995  
  		Timothy Strange, Baron of Balcaskie, Chief of Clan Strange
The Baron of Balfluig 16c  
  		Mark Iain Tennant of Balfluig, Baron of Balfluig[46] Married Lady Harriot Pleydell-Bouverie, daughter of 7th Earl of Radnor[citation needed]
The Baron of Ballencrieff (East Lothian)  
 
The Baron of Ballencrieff (West Lothian) 15c  
 
The Baron of Ballindalloch 17c 1983  
  		Clare Russell of Ballindalloch, Lady Ballindalloch CVO[47] Seat: Ballindalloch Castle. Appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order and Lord Lieutenant of Banffshire, does not use baronial title; prefers to be known as Mrs Clare Russell, married to commoner[48]
The Baron of Ballumbie 17c  
 
The Baron of Balmachreuchie 15c  
 
Baron of Balmain 1475 2005  
  		James Leslie, 22nd Earl of Rothes
The Baron of Balmore 1478  
The Baron of Balquhain
Baron of Balquidder 1774 2021  
  		Susan Livingston, 22nd Countess of Arran, Lady Balquidder
The Earl of Arran 2023
The Baron of Balvenie 16c 2009  
  		Jeremy Nicholson of Balvenie, Baron of Balvenie Died 5 March 2024.[49] Received the title and seat Balvenie Castle on the death of his Uncle in 2009. Was Chieftain in Clan MacNicol, honorary President of the Dufftown Highland Games[citation needed]
The Baron of Banchory 18c 1979   Kenneth Lumsden of Banchory, Baron of Banchory Died 2008. Was brother of Lumsden, Baron of Cushnie. Son owns Banchory & Leggart Estates 500 acres outside Aberdeen.[50]
The Baron of Bannockburn 14c  
 
The Baron of Barnbarroch 16c 1998  
  		Family held lands in Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex at time of domesday book in 1066.[51]
The Baron of Barnis Forbes 15c  
The Baron of Barnton 14c  
 
The Baron of Barr 16c   Campbell Neal, Baron of Barr
The Baron of Barra 16c 2010  
  		Roderick "Rory" MacNeil of Barra, Baron of Barra, Chief of Clan Niall and 27th of Barra, The Macneil of Barra Family descends (cf. Burke's Peerage) from the 4th-5th century Irish High King Niall of the Nine Hostages.[citation needed]
The Baron of Bathgate 12c  
The Baron of Bavelaw  
  		[52]
The Baron of Bearcrofts[53] 1697 2011  
  		Anthony Cree of Castle Stewart, Baron of Bearcrofts Seat: Castle Stewart. In 1787 Robert Stewart reacquired Castle Stewart for his mother Christian Cree. In 1745 her father, Patrick Cree, Perth Lord Provost, when captured by Bonnie Prince Charlie, rejected a Jacobite Peerage.[citation needed]
The Baron of Bedrule  
 
The Baron of Belton c. 1468  
The Baron of Benholm 15c  
  		Seat: Benholm Castle
The Baron of Biggar 1451  
 
The Baron of Blackburn 16c  
The Baron of Blackford 17c 1999   Richard Welkowitz, Baron of Blackford Died 2019.[54]
The Baron of Blackhall 1395  
 
The Baron of Blackness  
 
The Baron of Blair 15c  
The Baron of Blantyre 16c  
 
The Baron of Bognie 1635 2013  
  		Alexander Gordon Morison, 13th Baron of Bognie, Laird of Frendraught and Mountblairy[55] Conner Morison, Younger of Bognie [56][55]
Baron of Mountblairy 1812
Laird of Frendraught 1676
The Baron of Bombie 17c  
 
The Baron of Buittle 1315  
  		Seat: Buittle Castle. Runs a baron's court.[57] Also a bishop in the Orthodox Church in Dumfries.[citation needed]
The Baron of Brigton 1761 1938   Marion Douglas, Baroness of Brigton She inherited Brigton estate from her grandfather, William Douglas[citation needed]
The Baron of Brough  
 
Baron of Buchan Forest  
 
The Lord of Garlies 1263
Baron of Blairbuis
Baron of Corsewall
Baron of Glencammon
The Baron of Buquhollie and Freswick 16c   Ivor Spencer-Thomas of Buquhollie and Freswick, Baron of Buquhollie and Freswick Died 2001[58]
The Baron of Byres 1366  
Baron of Calder 14c 1975  
  		James Sandilands, 15th Lord Torpichen
The Baron of Cambusnethan 1315 1988   Terence Alvis of Lee, 23rd Baron of Cambusnethan Previously was 33rd Baron of Lee; carried out major restoration to Lee Castle over a ten-year period before selling the castle E. Leslie Peter in 1987[59]
The Baron of Carmichael 14c 1981  
  		Richard Carmichael of Carmichael, 26th Baron of Carmichael, 30th Chief of Clan Carmichael[60] Seat: Carmichael
The Baron of Carnoustie 16c   James Langan of Carnoustie, Baron of Carnoustie
The Baron of Carnwath 2015  
  		Ranald Lockhart of the Lee, 27th of the Lee, Chief of Clan Lockhart, Baron of Carnwath, Braidwood, Walston, Dryden, Covington, Milntown, Westshield and Newholm Family has held land in Lanarkshire since the 12th century
Baron of Braidwood
Baron of Walston
Baron of Dryden
Baron of Covington
Baron of Milntown
Baron of Westshield
Baron of Newholm
The Baron of Carstairs 14c  
 
Baron of Baldoon 15c
The Baron of Cartsburn 1669 2010  
  		Pier Felice degli Uberti, 15th Baron of Cartsburn[61] President of the International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
Baron of Castlehill 1411 2018  
  		Simon Fraser, 16th Lord Lovat
Baron of Caskieben 16c 1985  
  		Sir Thomas Johnston of Caskieben, 14th Baronet
The Baron of Castle Stewart 1638 2020  
  		Charles Stewart of Calcruchie, Baron of Castle Stewart
The Baron of Cavers 16c 2004   Andre Douglas Nathaniel-Rock, Baron of Cavers
The Baron of Chirnside
The Baron of Clackmannan 1334 2005  
  		Martin, Lord O'Neill of Clackmannan Died 2020.[62] In 2005 joined House of Lords as a life peer, also acquired hereditary baronage title to pass down[citation needed]
The Baron of Cleghorn 15c  
  		Count Andrew Macmillan of Cleghorn, Baron of Cleghorn Died 2014.[63] He was a Scottish Baron, Portuguese Count & Serbian knight.[64]
The Baron of Clerkington[65] 1369   George Everly, Baron of Clerkington
The Baron of Closeburn 15c  
  		Luis Kirkpatrick, Baron of Closeburn
The Baron of Clugstoun 1471
The Baron of Cluny 16c 2010  
  		Cosmo Linzee Gordon of Cluny, Baron of Cluny Seat: Cluny Castle[66]
The Baron of Cluny 17c 1997  
  		Stuart Crane of Cluny, Baron of Cluny
The Baron of Cockenzie 16c  
  		Robert Garrison of Cockenzie, Baron of Cockenzie[67] Brother of the late David Garrison, Baron of Tranent (appointed Baron-Ballie)[68]
The Baron of Coigach[69] 1511 2011  
  		Christopher Devonshire-Ellis, Baron of Coigach
The Baron of Coldingknows 1634 2002  
  		Mark Harden of Coldingknows, Baron of Coldingknows
The Baron of Elphinstone 15c 1988  
  		Bailey Bruce McCune of Coll-Earn and Elphinstone, Baron of Elphinstone[70] Died 2004.[71]
The Baron of Colstoun 17c  
  		Ludovic Broun-Lindsay of Colstoun, Laird of the Barony Seat: Colstoun House. 2000 acre estate, ancestral home goes back 900 years.[72]
The Baron of Corrachree 16c   Alexander Barlas of Corrachree, Baron of Corrachree
The Baron of Corstorphine 1431 2005   Michael Milne, 34th Baron of Corstorphine
The Baron of Coupar[73] 1606 2024   Edward Kirby Rutledge, Baron of Coupar
The Baron of Cowie (Aberdeen)
The Baron of Cowie (stirling) 12c 2020  
  		Alan Dennis, Baron of Cowie [74]
Baron of Coxton 1686 2010  
  		Sir Alistair Gordon Innes of Coxton, 13th Baronet
The Baron of Craighall 2002  
  		Roger Lindsay, Baron of Craighall Died 2023.[75] Lord Lyon letters patent had very large Baron of Craighall recognition[76]
The Baron of Craigie 1666 2011  
  		Robert Owen Thomas, Baron of Craigie[77]
Baron of Craigievar 16c 2023  
  		Sir James Cumnock Forbes of Craigievar, 14th Baronet
The Baron of Craigmillar 1511 2009  
 Crawfordjohn 		Brian Williamson, Baron of Craigmillar Appointed to the Order of Saint Lazarus[78]
The Baron of Cranshaws 15c 2016   Paul Anderson, Baron of Cranshaws
The Baron of Crawfordjohn 13c 2003  
 Crawfordjohn 		Travis K Svensson, Baron of Crawfordjohn
The Baron of Crichton 15c   Henry Burn-Callander, Baron of Crichton
The Baron of Crimond 16c   Raymond Carnegie of Crimond, Baron of Crimond Died 1999[citation needed]
The Baron of Cromar extinct
The Baron of Cromarty 17c  
The Baron of Crommey 18c 1978  
  		Michael Thomas Innes, Baron of Crommey[79]
The Baron of Culbin 16c  
 
The Baron of Culcreuch c. 1472  
The Baron of Cushnie 15c 2004   Alan Robertson of Cushnie, Baron of Cushnie Previous baron was knight of Malta: David Gordon Allen d'Aldecamb Lumsden, Baron of Cushnie
The Baron of Dairsie 18c   Christopher Ruffle of Dairsie, Baron of Dairsie
The Baron of Dalziel
The Baron of Danira and Comrie
The Baron of Delvine 15c 2008  
  		Lars Lindberg, Baron of Delvine
The Baron of Denboig 1657  
  		Kenneth MacLean of Denboig, 14th Baron of Denboig
The Baron of Denny 16c 2011  
  		Alessandro Assuero Egidio Umberto Pompili, Baron of Denny[80]
Baron of Fullarton 2020
The Baron of Dinnet 14c   J. M. Marcus Humphrey, Baron of Dinnet
Baron of Dirleton 1220 2000  
  		Camilo Agasim-Pereira of Fulwood and Dirleton, Baron of Fulwood and Dirleton
The Lord of Fulwood 1220 2002
The Baron of Dolphinstoun c. 1700 2000  
  		Julian Gawain Clifford Wills, Baron of Dolphinstoun[81]
The Baron of Dowart 1496 2017  
  		John Robert Kennedy, Baron of Dowart
The Baron of Drum 1323 2019  
  		Alexander Irvine of Drum, 27th Laird and Baron of Drum, Chief of the Name[82]
Baron of Drylaw
Baron of Duart and Morvern 1631 1990  
  		Sir Lachlan MacLean of Duart and Morvern, 12th Baronet, 28th chief of Clan Maclean
The Baron of Dudhope[83] 1542  
The Baron of Drumduff 2020  
  		James Chapman, Baron of Dumduff
The Baron of Dun 1382 dormant Barony held by National Trust for Scotland[citation needed]
Baron of Dunconnel 1400 1996  
  		Sir Charles Edward MacLean of Dunconnel, 2nd Baronet[84]
The Baron of Duncrub 17c 2004  
  		Douglas Henry Smith of Duncrub, Baron of Duncrub[85]
The Baron of Dunure 16c 1997   Brendan Clouston of Dunure, Baron of Dunure[86]
The Baron of Earlshall 15c   Paul Veenhuizen, Baron of Earlshall
The Baron of Easter Gordon 2007  
  		Michel André Denis Morange, Baron of Easter Gordon[87]
The Baron of Echlin 18c 2002   Rainer Alexander Leonard Mackenzie Kensy, Baron of Echlin[88] German banker, known as Baron Rainer Kensy von Echlin [89][better source needed]
The Baron of Edingight 16c 2020  
  		John Berowald Innes of Edingight, Baron of Edingight[90] Son of Sir Malcolm Innes of Edingight, and grandson of Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, the previous Lord Lyons
The Baron of Elie and St Monans 15c 2019  
  		Mans Lidgren, Baron of Elie and St Monans
The Baron of Entwistle 1212  
The Baron of Esslemont 16c 1976   Charles Iain Robert Wolrige Gordon, Baron of Esslemont[91] Sovereign Grand Commander and Grand master mason of The Supreme Council of the Grand Lodge of Scotland: [92][93]
The Baron of Ethie 1978  
  		Alistair Charles William Forsyth of that Ilk, Baron of Ethie, Chief of the Name and Arms of Forsyth[94] Seat: Ethie Castle (restored by current chief)
Baron of Eyemouth 18c 2004  
  		James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough
The Baron of Fetternear 17c 2001  
  		Martin Edward Thacker of Fetternear, Baron of Fetternear[95]
The Baron of Fingalton 1663 2017  
  		James Hawley of Fingalton, Baron of Fingalton
The Baron of Finlaystone Maxwell 17c 2002  
  		Nicholas Frederic Papanicolaou, Baron of Finlaystone Maxwell[96] Grand Master of several chivilary orders[97]
The Baron of Finzean 17c 2020  
  		Donald Farquharson of Finzean, 16th Laird and Baron of Finzean Father was Sir Angus Farquharson of Finzean, mother was Lady Finzean (in her own right). Owns Finzean Estate 10,000 acres including 40 properties and seven very long-term tenanted farms in rural north-east Scotland[98]
The Baron of Fithie
The Baron of Fordell 1511
The Baron of Freuch 1559
The Baron of Gala 16c 1997  
  		John Philip Henry Schomberg Scott of Gala, 13th Baron of Gala[99]
The Baron of Garrallan 14c  
  		John Boswell of Garrallan, Baron of Garrallan
The Baron of Garthland c. 1637
The Baron of Gartly 15c 1996   David James of Gartley, Baron of Gartly
The Baron of Gartmore 15c 1996  
  		William Graham of Gartmore, Baron of Gartmore
The Baron of Giffen 1371 1987   Ryan Montgomery, Baron of Giffen, Trearne, Ramshead and Stane
Baron of Trearne
Baron of Ramshead
Baron of Stane
The Baron of Gilmerton 1667 2020 Alvise Figà Talamanca, Baron of Gilmerton
The Baron of Glasserton 1542
The Baron of Glencoe
The Baron of Glendowachy
The Baron of Gleneagles 1985  
  		Martin Haldane of Gleneagles, 26th Baron of Gleneagles, Chief of Clan Haldane[100]
The Baron of Glenfaier  
The Baron of Glenfalloch 14c  
  		Norman Ross, Baron of Glenfalloch
The Baron of Glengarnock   Jose Ricardo Mulino, Baron of Glengarnock[101][102]
The Baron of Glenluce c. 1628   Oon Daniel, Baron of Glenluce
The Baron of Glentirian  
The Baron of Gogar 16c 2015  
  		Godfrey Devlin of Gogar, Baron of Gogar[103]
The Baron of Gourdie 16c   George Cox of Gourdie, Baron of Gourdie
The Baron of Gourock 18c 2011  
  		Claire Nicola Darroch-Thompson, 9th Baroness of Gourock, Chief of Clan Darroch[104]
The Baron of Grandhome 17c  
  		William of Grandholme, 10th Baron of Grandhome[105]
The Baron of Grantully 15c  
  		Henry Fotheringham, Baron of Grantully
The Baron of Greencastle   Stephen de Albergaria, Baron of Greencastle
Baron of Greenlaw 1451 2005  
 
The Baron of Greenan 16c 2004  
  		Hope Busch Cobera, Baroness of Greenan and Clary[106]
Baron of Clary 17c
The Baron of Greenock 18c   Harry Sandberg of Greenock, Baron of Greenock
The Baron of Grougar 1321   Duke of Portland disponed the title in 1918 to David McLean.[citation needed] In 2015 he assigned it to his daughter (current baroness) on the occasion of her wedding.[attribution needed]
The Baron of Haliburton and Lambden 1451 2023  
Baron of Hallrule 16c  
  		Olivier Fuchs, Baron of Cockburn, Hallrule, Over Liberton, and Buncle and Preston
The Lord of Cockburn 14c 2008
Lord of Buncle and Preston 14c 2009
Baron of Over Liberton
The Baron of Haddington 16c 2021   Jacques Sluysmans, Baron of Haddington
The Baron of Hartsyde 1345  
  		Jean-Guy Philip Boisserolles de Saint-Julien, 20th Baron of Hartsyde[107]
The Baron of Herbertshire 1523 2018  
The Baron of Horsbrugh 15c 1995   Michael Michael John Baylis Chenery of Horsbrugh, Baron of Horsbrugh[108]
The Baron of Houston c. 1296 2016  
  		Johnny Sei Hoe Hon, Baron of Houston
The Baron of Inchdrewer 16c 2014  
  		Olga Roh, Baroness of Inchdrewer[109]
The Baron of Insch 1528 2006  
  		Robert James Inglis, Baron of Insch

[110]

The Baron of Invermessan 1566
The Baron of Inneryne 10c 1998  
  		Ronald Busch Reisinger, Baron of Inneryne[111]
The Baron of Innes 17c 2004  
  		James Mitchell of Innes, Baron of Innes
The Baron of Inverallochy  
  		Jose Ramon Velez, Baron of Inverallochy
The Baron of Invercauld and Omnalprie 2021  
  		Philip Farquharson of Invercauld, 17th Baron of Invercauld and Omnalprie, Chief of the Name and Arms of Farquharson[112]
The Baron of Jedburgh Forest 1602 2016  
  		Lance Miller, Baron of Jedburgh Forest and Lamden Inherited titles from father[113][114]
Baron of Lamden
The Baron of Keith Marischal 1150 2025   The Much Hon. Erik Almqvist (full name Sven Olof Erik Almqvist), 35th Baron of Keith Marischal,[115]
The Baron of Kellie 1619 2020   Henry Hopkins Livingston, Baron of Kellie
The Baron of Kelly 2004   Bruce Kneller, Baron of Kelly
The Baron of Kemnay 1978  
  		Susan Lettita Burnett, 9th Baroness of Kemnay[116] Mrs Callum Smith Burnett (Letitia) [51]
The Baron of Kerse 2013  
  		Valerio Papajorgji, Baron of Kerse[117]
The Baron of Kersland
The Baron of Kilbirnie 1600 2024   Ian Young, Baron of Kilbirnie
The Baron of Kilcoy 16c   Seat: Kilcoy Castle
The Baron of Kilduthie 1966  
  		James Comyn Amherst Burnett of Leys, Baron of Kilduthie[118], Chief of Clan Burnett
The Baron of Kilmichael 1541   Brooke Owen-Thomas, Baroness of Kilmichael, Kilmun and Innerwick Previous Baron of Innerwick was Victor Cowley of Crowhill (1918–2008).
Baron of Kilmun
Baron of Innerwick 15c 2021
The Baron of Kilmaurs
The Baron of Kilpunt 2007  
  		Morag Pauline Cadzow, Baroness of Kilpunt
The Baron of Kilravock 1293 2012  
  		David Rose, 26th Baron, Chief of Clan Rose
The Baron of Kinblathmond
The Baron of Kincaid 15c  
The Baron of Kincraig 16c   James Gourlay of Kincraig, Baron of Kincraig[119] Died 2008.[120]
The Baron of Kinedar
The Baron of Kinnaber
The Baron of Kinnairdy 17c 1990  
  		Colin William Innes of Kinnairdy, Baron of Kinnairdy[121] Seat: Kinnairdy Castle, son of Sir Malcolm Innes, 16th Baron of Edingight, former Lord Lyon
The Baron of Kinnear 16c 1993  
  		Michael Pilette of Kinnear, Baron of Kinnear
The Baron of Kinross   Donald Fothergill, Baron of Kinross Seat: Kinross House Estate
The Baron of Kippenross 16c  
  		Susan Stirling-Aird, Lady Kippenross
The Baron of Kirkbuddo 1463 2011  
  		Jean-Yves de Sainte-Croix de La Sabliere, Baron of Kirkbuddo[122]
The Baron of Kirkdale 15c 2004  
  		David Hannay of Kirkdale and of that Ilk, 16th Baron of Kirkdale, Chief of Clan Hannay[123]
The Baron of Kirkgunzeon
The Baron of Kirkliston 1618 2002   Andrew Leslie Olgierd Jarosz, Baron of Kirkliston[124]
The Baron of Kirriemuir 1390 2014   Gerhard Anderson, Baron of Kirriemuir
The Baron of Kirknewton 17c 1992  
  		Diana Diana Theodora Adair Hargreaves, Baroness of Kirknewton[125]
The Baron of Kirkton 17c  
  		James Christopher Stevenson-Hamilton, Baron of Kirkton and Kirkstyle[126]
Burgh of Barony of Kirkstyle
The Baron of Krawfort 1576
The Baron of Lag 1685 2004  
  		Margaret Hamilton, Baroness of Lag
The Baron of Lamberton c. 1236 [127]
The Baron of Lamington   Ivan Kugener, Baron of Lamington
The Baron of Largo 17c 2011  
  		Oonagh Wood of Largo, Baroness of Largo, hereditary Chief of Clan Wood
The Baron of Lathallan 17c 1995  
  		Jean Alison Spens of Lathallan, 23rd Baroness of Lathallan[128]
The Baron of Lee 1272 2004   Addison McElroy Fischer, 35th Baron of Lee[129] Seat: Lee Castle
The Baron of Lenzie 1170 extinct
The Baron of Lescure 15c   Ross McPherson-Smith, Baron of Lescure
The Baron of Leslie 16c 2019   John Andrea, Baron of Leslie Seat: Leslie Castle
The Baron of Lesmahagow
The Baron of Lethendy 17c   Charles Gairdner of Lethendy, Baron of Lethendy
The Baron of Lethington c. 1166  
The Baron of Lintrathen 2023  
  		Titus Brown, Baron of Lintrathen[130]
The Baron of Little Pert
The Baron of Lochfergus 16c   Albert Gazeley of Lochfergus, Baron of Lochfergus[131]
Baron of Locherwart 1996  
  		John Borthwick of that Ilk, 24th Lord Bothwick, Chief of the Name and Arms of Borthwick, Baron of Heriotmuir[132]DL
Baron of Heriotmuir
The Superiority of the Lands of Lochlands
The Baron of Loch Mullion c. 1700 2000   William Anderson of Loch Mullion, Baron of Loch Mullion
The Baron of Lochnaw 1699 2004  
  		Gordon Prestoungrange, Baron of Lochnaw, MBE[133] Formerly of Prestoungrange[134]
The Baron of Lochrounell c. 1630
The Baron of Logany c. 1576 2000   Hunter Prater, Baron of Logany
The Baron of Logie   Barony also known as "Lexyn".[attribution needed]
The Baron of Logiealmond 2019   Sheila Flavell, Baroness of Logiealmond Seat: Logiealmond Estate
The Baron of Loncastell c. 1551
The Baron of Loudoun 12c 2017  
  		Ronald Schneller, Baron of Loudoun
The Baron of Lour 1654  
The Baron of Lundie 1489 2017   Craig Ward, Baron of Lundie
The Baron of Marchmont 17c 1996   Roland Staehli, Baron of Marchmont
Baron of MacDonald 17c 1958  
  		Sir Ian Bosville-Macdonald of Sleat, 17th Baronet, 25th Chief of MacDonald of Sleat
The Baron of MacDougall 1660 2006  
  		George Dougall of MacDougall, Baron of MacDougall
The Baron of MacDuff 1039 2021   Eric Dexter of MacDuff, Baron of MacDuff
The Baron of McAuslane of Caldenocht c. 1395
The Baron of Martyn-Kennedy alias Frethrid c. 1541
The Baron of Mearns 12c 2002  
  		David Leslie Thorpe of Mearns, Baron of Mearns[135]
The Baron of Meigle and Fullerton 1165  
  		Anthony Brown, Baron of Meigle and Fullerton
The Baron of Melfort 1360 1960   Hugh Campbell-Gibson, Baron of Melfort
The Baron of Melgund
The Baron of Melville 2016   Oleg Bukin, Baron of Melville
The Baron of Menie 1317 1995   Michael Woodley of Menie, 28th Baron of Menie
The Baron of Menzies 1510 2023  
  		Robert Menzies of that Ilk, The Menzies, Chief of Clan Menzies, Baron of Menzies
The Baron of Mertoun 1504
The Baron of Midmar 16c  
  		Richard Wharton of Midmar, Baron of Midmar Seat: Inverurie castle
The Baron of Miltonhaven 1695 2017  
  		Dorothy Newlands of Lauriston, Baroness of Miltonhaven Known as Lauriston until 1692.[136]
The Baron of Mochrum c. 1472
The Baron of Moncreiffe 1248 2001  
  		Peregrine Moncrieffe of that Ilk, Chief of the Name and Arms of Moncrieffe, 21st Laird of Moncrieffe, Baron of Moncrieffe and Easter Moncrieffe[137] Second son of Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, 11th Baronet and Diana Hay, 23rd Countess of Erroll. He is also the younger brother of Sir Merlin Hay, 12th Baronet Moncreiffe, 24th Earl of Erroll and Chief of Clan Hay
Baron of Easter Moncreiffe
The Baron of Montgomeriestoun c. 1636
The Baron of Mordington 1124 1998  
  		Graham Senior-Milne, 41st Baron of Mordington
The Baron of Mouswald 1452
The Baron of Moy 17c 1972  
  		Lorne MacLaine of Lochuie, Baron of Moy, 26th hereditary chief of Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie, The Machlaine of Lochuie
The Baron of Mugdock 1458  
 
The Baron of Muirton 1532  
 
The Baron of Mullion 1446  
 
The Baron of Mureth c. 1514
The Baron of Myrton c. 1470 2004  
  		Mark Watson-Gandy of Myrton, Baron of Myrton[138]
The Baron of Newabbay 2011  
  		Michael Robert Young of Newabbay, Baron of Newabbay[139]
The Baron of Newton 1685 2011  
  		Philip D. Pickering of Newton, 13th Baron of Newton
The Baron of Ochtercoull James Malcolm Marcus Humphrey, Baron of Ochtercoull[140]
The Baron of Old Montrose
The Baron of Ormiston 1637 2003  
  		Brian Parsons, Baron of Ormiston and Robertland
Baron of Robertland 1539 2005
The Baron of Otterinverane 14c 2019  
  		Sean Lambert Collin, Baron of Otterinverane
Baron of Over Cowal  
  		James Robert Godfrey Devlin, Lord of Cowal, Baron of Over Cowal[141]
The Lord of Cowal
The Baron of Panbride
The Baron of Panmure
The Baron of Park 1563
The Baron of Paistoun 16c 2003  
  		Robert Jackson of Paistoun, Baron of Paistoun[142]
Baron of Penicuik 16c 2002   Sir Robert Maxwell Clerk of Penicuik, 11th Baronet Appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Midlothian by Queen Elizabeth II[citation needed]
The Baron of Pentland 1316 2018  
  		Christopher Saint Victor de Pinho, 29th Baron of Pentland and 37th Baron of Lochawe
Baron of Lochawe
The Baron of Phantelane 1436 2010   David McCorquodale, Baron of Phantelane
The Baron of Pitcaple 17c   Christopher Burges-Lumsden, Baron of Pitcaple Died Feb 2024.[143] Seat: Pitcaple Castle
The Baron of Pitcruivie 15c 1996  
  		Douglas Wagland of Pitcruivie, Baron of Pitcruivie
The Baron of Pitmilly 16c 1987  
  		Peter Gybbon-Monypenny, 30th Baron of Pitmilly
The Baron of Plean 16c 1985  
  		George Way, Baron of Plean Formerly Secretary to the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs.[attribution needed]
The Baron of Plenderleith 1306 2007  
  		Clifford Harmon, 31st Baron of Plenderleith
The Baron of Pluscarden
The Baron of Portrie c. 1636
The Baron of Porterfield
The Baron of Portlethen 18c   Maurice Taylor of Portlethen, Baron of Portlethen Seat: Thornbury Castle
The Baron of Poltoun 1726 2009  
  		Tyler Janovitz, Baron of Poltoun
The Baron of Preston and Prestonpans 1460  
  		Robert McLean of Preston, Baron of Preston
The Baron of Prestonfield  
 
The Baron of Prestoungrange 1189 2004  
  		Mathew Wills of Prestoungrange, 15th Baron of Prestoungrange
The Baron of Primside and House Site
The Baron of Quhithorne c. 1569 Barony also known as "Whithorn".[citation needed]
The Baron of Rachane 17c 2006  
  		Michael Aquino, Baron of Rachane
The Baron of Rannoch 1502 2012  
  		Alexander Holmes Bertea, Baron of Rannoch
The Baron of Rattray 16c   Philip Cumyn of Rattray, Baron of Rattray Died in 1996.[citation needed]
The Baron of Ravenstone 15c 1983  
  		Frank Renwick of Ravenstone, Baron of Ravenstone
The Baron of Redcastle 15c 2016   Janet Beale, 19th Baroness of Redcastle
The Baron of Remistoun c. 1540
Baron of Renfrew 1398 2022  
  		Prince William, Duke of Rothesay Prince George of Wales
The Baron of Rescobie
The Baron of Restalrig
The Baron of Roberton 16c 2020   Julia Pell Livingston, Baroness of Roberton
The Baron of Rossie 17c   John Oliphant of Rossie, Baron of Rossie
The Baron of Ruchlaw 16c [144][145]  
  		Ronald Macduff Urquhart, Baron of Ruchlaw[146]
The Baron of Rusco 17c  
  		Robert Carson of Rusco, Baron of Rusco Died 2006:[147] Seat: Rusco Castle.
The Baron of Saint Monance 1596 2014   Robert Pirooz of Saint Monance, Baron of Saint Monance Barony also known as "Monans".[citation needed]
The Baron of Sauchie 1320  
 
The Baron of Saulset c. 1629 Barony also known as "Saulsait".[citation needed]
The Baron of Seabegs 15c  
 
The Baron of Seggieden  
The Baron of Skeane 1317

[148]

2016  
  		Dugald Skene of Skene, Baron of Skene, Chief of the Name and Arms of Skene, also 11th of Piltout and 15th of Hallyards
Baron of Hallyards
The Baron of Smeaton Hepburn 15c  
The Baron of Stobo 1577  
  		The Much Hon. William Jolly Seat: Stobo Castle
The Baron of Stonehaven  
 
The Baron of Stoneywood 15c  
 
The Baron of Strathlachlan  
  		Euan MacLachlan of Maclachlan, 25th Baron of Strathlachlan, chief of Clan Maclachlan Seat: New Castle Lachlan
The Baron of Strichen 1514 2014  
  		Massimo Fraser of Strichen, Baron of Strichen
The Baron of Struan 16c 1983  
  		Alexander Robertson, Baron of Struan
The Baron of Swinton 1098  
  		James Swinton, Baron of Swinton
The Baron of Tarbert  
 
The Baron of Teallach 17c  
The Baron of Thainstone 1488  
The Baron of Thankerton
The Baron of Torboll 1360 extinct
The Baron of Tranent 16c  
The Baron of Traquair 1491 1990  
  		Catherine Maxwell-Stuart, Baroness of Traquair[149] Seat: Traquair House
The Baron of Troup
Baron of Tulloch 1678  
  		David Willien 19th Earl of Erroll, 17th Baron of Tulloch
The Earl of Erroll 1546
The Baron of Twynehame 15c  
 
The Baron of Urquhart 1587  
 
The Baron of Waughton 1999   Geoffrey Boot, Baron of Waughton
The Baron of Wedderburn 1413  
  		Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas granted the barony to David Home post-Dunbar forfeiture.[150][151][irrelevant citation]
The Baron of Wells 17c  
 
The Baron of West Niddry 2006  
  		Barony recorded in the Register of Sassines at Edinburgh.[152][better source needed]
The Baron of West Nisbet 2000  
  		Mark Nesbitt of that Ilk, Baron of West Nisbet, Chief of Clan Nesbitt
The Baron of Winchburgh 15c 2021  
  		Michael Lyons, Baron of Winchburgh
The Baron of Wormiston 17c  
 
The Baron of Yair 1806  
The Baron of Yeochrie 15c  
 

a: The creation date is the earliest known date for the barony and subject to revision.

b: C before the date is circa around this date of before. C after the date = century.

List of Lordships in the Baronage of Scotland

[edit]

The second degree of baronage nobility. If a Barony has been raised to a Lordship then it will not be listed with baronies on this page, see Lordship list:

Click here for a list of Lordships in the Baronage of Scotland

List of Earldoms in the Baronage of Scotland

[edit]

Earl is the third degree of baronage nobility, nobler than Baron (first) and Lord (second).

Click here for a list of Earldoms in the Baronage of Scotland

List of Marquisates and Dukedoms in the Baronage of Scotland

[edit]

Fourth and fifth degrees of baronage nobility, the noblest forms in the hierarchy.

Click here for a list of Marquisates and Dukedoms in the Baronage of Scotland

List of Lordships of Regality

[edit]

Higher dignities compared to baronage titles, erected in liberam regalitatem.

Click here for a list of Lordships of Regality

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ruling of the Court of the Lord Lyon (26 February 1943, Vol. IV, page 26): "With regard to the words 'untitled nobility' employed in certain recent birthbrieves in relation to the (Minor) Baronage of Scotland, Finds and Declares that the (Minor) Barons of Scotland are, and have been both in this nobiliary Court and in the Court of Session recognised as a 'titled nobility' and that the estait of the Baronage (i.e. Barones Minores) are of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland".
  2. ^ Lord Clyde (1992). 1992 Lord Clyde's Dictum - Scottish Barony Title of Nobility and Title of Hounour - Law Lord's Legal Position. a barony falls into the class of noble as opposed to ignoble feus. That classification is discussed by Craig (Jus Feudale, I.x.16) and Bankton (II.iii.83). In Scotland the distinction was recognised between the greater barons and the lesser barons, the former acquiring such titles as Duke or Earl. It was at the earliest a territorial dignity as distinct from the later personal peerage. Thus when one was divested of an estate the TITLE OF HONOUR ceased (Bankton, IL.iii.84). In the feudal system, however, whether the dignity was that of a baron or of the greater dignity of an earldom, the feudal effects were the same (Erskine's Institute, I].iii.46).
  3. ^ The Baronage of Scotland by Sir Robert Douglas (1798), a foundational text on Scottish nobility, describes baronies as "titles of honour" conferred by the Crown with associated dignities
  4. ^ "1992 legal position, Lord Clyde, Spencer Thomas of Buquhollie v Newell: "A BARONY FALLS INTO A CLASS OF NOBLE"" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  5. ^ "Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, 63 Baronies and other dignities and offices: "nothing in this Act affects the dignity of baron or any other dignity or office (whether or not of feudal origin)" "dignity" includes any quality or precedence associated with, and any heraldic privilege incidental to, a dignity" Dignity means noble quality and use of title as covered in the Scottish Law Commission Report that led to the act". UK Government Legislation Website. 16 June 2004. Retrieved 16 June 2004.
  6. ^ "Page3. Institutional Writer Bankton: "NOBLE fees, are those which conferred NOBILITY to persons vested in them; these were baronies and regalities; and anciently all nobility, in the modern states proceeded from such fees; thus the title of Baron included Duke, Marquis and Earl, as well as that of Lord. "" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  7. ^ "Lord Stair (Institutions, II.iii.45): "the dignity of a barony; which comprehendeth lordship, earldom, & c. all of which are but more NOBLE titles of a barony"" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  8. ^ "Page 31: "...the owner (can) claim ennoblement by the "nobilitating effect" of the "NOBLE quality" of the feudal title on which the land is held. The title of "Baron of So-and-So" or "Baroness of So-and-So" can be adopted... there is a right to relevant baronial additaments to the coat of arms. Baronial robes can be worn. The baron can, in theory, hold a baron's court, appoint a baron baillie to be judge, and exercise a minor civil and criminal jurisdiction."" (PDF). Scottish Law Commission Government Website. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  9. ^ "page 20 "The discussion paper mentioned, BUT REJECTED, the possibility of allowing the "NOBLE aspects of the barony title" to lapse along with the abolition of the feudal relationship on which the ennoblement of the baron is based. It noted that the abolition of entitlement to the title "baron" was not a necessary part of feudal land reform and might well give rise to justifiable claims for compensation."" (PDF). Scottish Law Commission Government Website. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  10. ^ "Explanatory Notes to Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  11. ^ "Abolition of the feudal system". Law Society of Scotland. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  12. ^ "Page 9: "Proposition 31(iii) was that : All pertinents of land held on Barony titles, including any rights to salmon fishings and rights in respect of the NOBLE TITLE OF BARON, should continue to be transmissible with the title to the land"" (PDF). Scottish Law Commission Government Website. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  13. ^ Graham Senior-Milne, 41st Baron of Mordington (27 June 2005). "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
  14. ^ Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of (1946). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Society.
  15. ^ Reid, Professor Kenneth (2003). The Abolition of Feudal Tenure in Scotland. Edinburgh: Tottel.
  16. ^ Innes of Learney, Thomas. Scots Heraldry (2nd ed.). p. 88.
  17. ^ "Age-old Scots property rights end". 28 November 2004. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  18. ^ Parliament, Scottish. "Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act". www.opsi.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  19. ^ "Authoritative Roll of Barons - Baronage of Scotland". roll.baronage.com. Retrieved 24 May 2025.
  20. ^ "Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000". www.legislation.gov.uk. Expert Participation. Archived from the original on 17 June 2025. Retrieved 17 July 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  21. ^ "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System: Appendix A :12". www.scotland.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 19 November 2004. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  22. ^ "Authoritative Roll of Barons - Baronage of Scotland". roll.baronage.com. Retrieved 24 May 2025.
  23. ^ "Explanatory Notes to Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 22 December 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  24. ^ "Note issued with Warrant for Letters Patent from Lord Lyon King of Arms" (PDF). 30 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  25. ^ Re Notarial Instrument of the Earl of Galloway; Disposition; Warrant for Letters Patent, No.s 103, 104, 105, Palmyra Island Land Recordation, United States District Court for the District of Hawaii (D.C. Hawaii-Palmyra I. 2017).
  26. ^ a b "Titles and Usages". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  27. ^ "Scottish Feudal Baronies, Scottish and Irish Titles, Titles, Forms Of Address | Debrett's". Debretts.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  28. ^ "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Peerage.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  29. ^ "Male Barons". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  30. ^ "female barons". The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  31. ^ An Observation is a printed notation in a passport to convey important information about the passport holder to officials."Guidance – Observations in Passports".
  32. ^ "Titles included in passports" (PDF). UK government website. p. 3.
  33. ^ "How to wear the kilt | Scottish Tartans Authority". Tartansauthority.com. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  34. ^ "Hereditary offices". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  35. ^ Livingston of the Bachuil, yr., Niall (2006). The MacLeas or Livingstones and their Allodial Barony of the Bachuil (PDF). Baronage Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  36. ^ Kempe, Nick (22 November 2021). "The £23m sale of the Abergeldie Estate - the Royal Family should pay for their environmental damage". parkswatchscotland. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  37. ^ "Click here to view the tribute page for Kerry HAMER". funeral-notices.co.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  38. ^ "Stephen Kerr Obituary (1944 - 2024) - Tulsa, OK - Tulsa World". Legacy.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  39. ^ "Baron with blood of Pocahontas and Bruce leaves (pounds) 18m fortune to family". The Herald. 20 November 2004. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  40. ^ Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 187.
  41. ^ Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 570.
  42. ^ "Change of Name and/or Arms | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
  43. ^ "Page 4 - Abigail Busch Reisinger was infeft by her father Ronald Busch Reisinger of Inneryne" (PDF). Court of the Lord Lyon. 10 February 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  44. ^ Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 2369.
  45. ^ Kerr, Moira (9 December 2016). "Baron Bachuil to pass home after 1,500 years". The Herald Scotland. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  46. ^ Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 231.
  47. ^ Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 238.
  48. ^ "Page B4 | Supplement 61962, 16 June 2017 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  49. ^ "Jeremy Duncan Nicholson of Balvenie has passed away | Clan MacNicol". www.clanmacnicol.org. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  50. ^ "New plan 'to create 6,000 jobs'". 8 October 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  51. ^ a b "Burke's Peerage". Burke's Peerage. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  52. ^ "Bavelaw | The Forum of Scotland's Baronage". Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  53. ^ "Tartan Details - The Scottish Register of Tartans". www.tartanregister.gov.uk. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
  54. ^ Kellar, Travis (28 December 2019). "Co-developer of Lancaster County's first outlet mall dies". pennlive. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  55. ^ a b Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 413.
  56. ^ America, Clan Morrison Society of North. "Clan Morrison Society of North America". Clan Morrison Society of North America. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
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  82. ^ Listed as "Thomas Alexander" Younger of Drum in Burke's 2003 but father died 2018 according to news reports. Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 2061. "IRVINE, David Charles". The Weekly Times (AU).
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  105. ^ Burke's ed. 107 lists David Romer Paton of Grandhome as the 9th baron. He died in 2019 and the obituary mentions his son William as the heir ("Younger of Grandhome").Burke's Peerage (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. 2003. p. 1630. "Obituary: David Paton, 9th Baron of Grandhome, business, arts and charity leader". The Scotsman.
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Further reading

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