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This article lists the monarchs who have ruled the Isle of Man. The island has been ruled by Brythonic, Irish, Scottish, Hiberno-Norse, English, and British monarchs. Currently, the island is ruled by the Lord of Mann, Charles III, who is represented by Lieutenant Governor, Sir John Lorimer.

Mythology

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According to Manx mythology, the first ruler of the Isle of Man was Manannán mac Lir.[1]

Kings of Galwyddel (c.400 ‒ c.550)

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The Kingdom of Galwyddel was a Brythonic kingdom, part of the Hen Ogledd, in modern-day Galloway, Scotland. The Kingdom was likely a breakaway polity from the Kingdom of Alt Clut led by Tutgual of Galwyddel, son of King Cinuit of Alt Clut and is believed to have maintained authority over the Isle of Man.[2] Around 550, Galwyddel was invaded and annexed by the Kingdom of Rheged, under King Urien. The Galwyddel King, Senyllt, was forced to flee to Ynys Manau (Isle of Man).[3]

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Note Royal house
Start End
Tutgual I

b. c.467

Late 400s Early 500s Son of Cinuit, King of Alt Clut;

Brother of Dynfwal Hen of Alt Clut

House of Alt Clut
Dingat

b. late 400s

Early 500s Mid 500s Son of Tutgual of Galwyddel
Senyllt

b. c.510

Mid 500s c.550 Son of Dingat ap Tudwal;

Exiled to Ynys Manau

Kings of Ynys Manau (c.550 ‒ 578)

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Following his expulsion from Galwyddel, Senyllt continued to rule over the Isle of Man as the independent King of Ynys Manau.[3]

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End
Senyllt

b. c.510

c.550 Late 500s Son of Dingat ap Tudwal House of Alt Clut
Neithon[4]

b. c.530

Late 500s 578 Son of Senyllt ap Dingat

Ulaid Rule (578 ‒ 582)

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The Annals of Ulster record an expedition of the Ulaid to the Isle of Man in 577 and their return in 578 in which King Báetán mac Cairill imposed his authority on the island.[5] In 582 after his death, the annals record the taking of Man by Áedán mac Gabráin.[6]

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End Length
Báetán mac Cairill

(d. 581)

578 582 4 years Also King of Ulaid House of Ulaid

Dál Riada Rule (582 ‒ c.600)

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In 582, Dál Riada are recorded taking the island under King Áedán mac Gabráin. According to some sources he established a puppet king, Diwg.[7]

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End
Áedán mac Gabráin

(d. 581)

582 c.600 Also King of Dál Riada Cenél nGabrain

Kings of Ynys Manau (c.600 ‒ 620)

[edit]
Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End
Rhun

b. Mid 500s

Late 500s Early 600s Son of Neithon ap Senyllt House of Alt Clut
Tudwal II[8]

b. late 500s

Early 600s Mid 600s Son of Rhun ap Neithon
Anllech

b. c.590

Mid 600s 620 Son of Tudwal ap Rhun

Bernician/Deiran Rule (620 – 633)

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Portait Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End Length
Edwin of Bernicia & Deira

(c.586─632)

620[9] 633 13 years Also King of Bernicia and Deira House of Deira

Kings of Ynys Manau (633 ‒ 825)

[edit]
Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End
Cynin

b. Early 600s

633 Mid 600s Son of Anllech ap Tudwal House of Alt Clut
Mermin Fawr

(b. c.630)

Mid 600s 682[10] Son of Cynin ap Anllech
Anaraud

(b. c.650)

682 Late 600s Son of Mermin Fawr[11]
Tudwal III

(b. c.670)

Late 600s Early 700s Son of Anaraud ap Mermin
Iudgual

(b. c.690)

Early 700s Mid 700s Son of Tudwal ap Anarawd[12]
Celemion

(b. c.690)

Mid 700s Late 700s Daughter of Tudwal ap Anarawd;

Possibly ruled jointly with her husband Sandde

Sandde

(b. c.685)

Mid 700s 790 Husband of Celemion ferch Tudwal;

Ruled jure uxoris;

Male-line descendant of Llywarch Hen[13]

Coeling
Elidyr

(b. c.730)

790[7] Early 800s Son of Sandde ap Alcwn and Celemion ferch Tudwal
Gwriad

(b. c.750)

Early 800s Early 800s Son of Elidyr ap Sandde;[14]

married Esyllt, daughter of Cynan, King of Gwynedd

Merfyn Frych

(c.770─844)

Early 800s 825 Son of Gwriad ap Elidyr

Gwynedd Rule (825 ‒ 836)

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In 825, Merfyn Frych becomes King of Gwynedd bringing Mann under Welsh rule.

Portait Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Notes Royal house
Start End Length
Merfyn Frych

(c.770─844)

825 836 11 years Son of Gwriad ap Elidyr;

Also King of Gwynedd

Coeling

Early Norse Rule (836 ‒ 914)

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In the 800s, Mann came under the rule of a series of primarily Hiberno-Norse kings and incorporated into the Kingdom of the Isles. Various rulers have been identified as ruling Man, but not the Kingdom of the Isles as a whole. The Isle of Man may have fallen under Norse rule in the 870s, and paradoxically they may have brought the Gaelic language with them. The island has produced a more densely distributed Viking Age archaeology than anywhere else in the British Isles, but the written records for this time period are poor.[15][16]

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house Vassalage
Start End
Gofraid mac Fergusa

(c.800─853)

836[17] 853 Lord of the Hebrides Possibly Son of Fergus Mór, King of Dál Riada Dál Riada Independent
Otir 912[18] 914[19] Jarl and "Master of the Isle of Man" Otir Possibly as a vassal of Ragnall ua Ímair[20]
Bárid mac Oitir 914 914 N/A Likely son of Ottir Independent?

Kingdom of the Isles (914 ‒ 1265)

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Main article: List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles

Since the emergence of Somerled and his descendants in the 12th century, the Manx kings began to lose territory and power in the Hebrides. Before the reigns of the three sons of Olaf the Black, the Manx kings styled themselves "King of the Isles". By the time of the reigns of Olaf's sons, the kings had begun to style themselves "King of Mann and the Isles".

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house Vassalage
Start End
Ragnall ua Ímair

(d. c.921)

914 921 King of Northumbria Defeated Bárid in a naval battle off Man in 914;[21][22]Grandson of Ímar, King of Dublin Uí Ímair Independent
Northumbria
Gothfrith ua Ímair

(d.934)

920s 930s King of Northumbria;

King of Dublin

Grandson of Ímar, King of Dublin Northumbria & Dublin
Olaf Guthfrithson

(d.941)

930s 941 King of Northumbria;

King of Dublin

Son of Gofraid ua Ímair;

Married a daughter of Constantine II of Scotland

Amlaíb Cuarán c.941 980 King of the Isles[23] (and possibly King of Mann);[24]

King of Northumbria; King of Dublin[25]

Son of Sitric Cáech;

Died on Iona in 981.[26]

Maccus mac Arailt 980 ? King of the Isles[27] Said to have been "brought under subjection" by Edgar the Peaceful, King of England who died in 975[28] Kingdom of England
Gofraid mac Arailt[29] ? 989 King of the Isles Brother of Maccus mac Arailt
Gilli 990 ? Jarl Operated under Sigurd the Stout, Earl of Orkney & Mormaer of Caithness. Married to Sigurd's sister. Sigurd himself was a vassal of the King of Norway.
Ragnall mac Gofraid ? 1005[30] King of the Isles[31][32] Son of Gofraid mac Arailt
Sigurd the Stout 1005 1014 Earl of Orkney & Mormaer of Caithness Kingdom of Norway
Einar Sigurdsson*? 1014 1016? Joint Earl of Orkney Earldom of Orkney
Håkon Eiriksson* 1016 1030[33] Ruler of the Suðreyar Possibly a vassal of Cnut the Great
Olaf Sigtryggsson* 1030 1034[34] King of Mann and many of the other islands of Denmark[34] Son of Sitric Silkbeard and grandson of Amlaíb Cuarán
Thorfinn the Mighty c.1035 c.1058 Earl of Orkney & Mormaer of Caithness Kingdom of Norway
Ímar mac Arailt* c.1045?[35] ? King of Dublin Ruler of Dublin and possibly Mann. In 1045 Ímar crushed the Ulaid in a raid on Rathlin which may be evidence that he also controlled Mann at this point.[35] Dublin
Echmarcach mac Ragnaill* 1052 1061[36][37] King of Mann Probably ruler of both Dublin and Mann prior to 1052, when he was expelled from the former by Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó.[37] Possibly son of Ragnal mac Gofraid and thus possibly a King of Innse Gall as well.[33][36][38]
Murchad mac Diarmata* 1061 1070 King of Dublin and Mann?[39]
Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó 1070 1072 King of Dublin and the Isles[40] Father of Murchad, but who ruled after him over Dublin "and, one assumes, Man"[39]
Godred Sitricson 1072 1074 King of Man[41] Godred Sitricson Independent
Fingal Godredson

(d. c.1070)

1074 1070s King of Man[42] Son of Godred Sitricson[42]
Godred Crovan

(d.1095)

1070s 1095 King of Dublin and the Isles[43] Son of "Harald the Black of Ysland"[44][45] Crovan Dynasty
Lagmann Godredsson 1095 1098? Eldest son of Godred Crovan. Whether Lagmann began his reign before or after Magnus Barelegs's arrival is not known for certain.
MacMaras d. 1098 Jarl of Man Each Earl of "one half of Man" in a civil war ending in the Battle of Santwat, in which both die. [46][47] ?
Ottar d. 1098 Jarl of Man Cotter
Magnus Barelegs 1098 1102 King of Norway

Possibly King of the Isles

Direct Norwegian rule[48][49] Hardrada Kingdom of Norway
Sigurd Magnusson 1102 1103 King of Norway Nominal control by under-age son of Magnus Barelegs[48]
Lagmann Godredsson 1103 1110 Eldest son of Godred Crovan Crovan Dynasty Independent
Domnall mac Taidc Uí Briain 1111[50] 1112 Regent during the minority of Olave the Red Nephew of Muirchertach Ua Briain. Expelled by the Islesmen. Meic Taidc (Uí Briain)
Olave the Red 1112[51] 1152 Son of Godred Crovan[50] Crovan Dynasty
Godred the Black 1154[51] 1158 King of Man and the Isles[52]

King of Man (1156─1158)

Son of Olave the Red

Kingdom partitioned in 1156 after the Battle of Epiphany[53][54] but Mann remains under Godred until 1158.

Somerled 1158 1164 Lord of Argyll, Kintyre and Lorne[55] Son-in-law of Olave the Red, and son of GilleBride of the old royal house of Dalriada, and a Norse woman.[55] By 1158 Somerled was Rex Insularum, King of the Isles. His dominion covered 25,000 square miles and more than 500 islands.[56] Dál Riada
Reginald[57] 1164 1164 No record Half-brother of Godred the Black[58] Crovan Dynasty
Godred the Black[59] 1164 1187 King of the Isles Re-instated
Ragnvald 1188 1226 King of the Isles Son of Godred the Black[60][61]
Olaf the Black[59] 1226 1237 King of Mann and the Isles Half-brother of Raghnall mac Gofraidh
Óspakr-Hákon 1230 1230 King of the Suðreyjar[62] Son of Dubgall mac Somairle? Dál Riada
Gofraid Donn 1230 1230s Son of Raghnall mac Gofraidh Crovan Dynasty
Harald Olafsson 1237 1248 King of Mann and the Isles Son of Olaf the Black Kingdom of Norway
Ragnvald Olafsson 1248 1249 King of Mann and the Isles Son of Olaf the Black, his rule was brief
Harald Godredsson 1249 1250 King of Mann Son of Gofraid Donn and grandson of Raghnall mac Gofraidh
Magnus Olafsson 1252 1265? King of Mann and the Isles Son of Olaf the Black

Scottish and English rule (1265 – 1333)

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Between 1265 and 1333, Mann was ruled directly by the Kings of Scotland (1265–1290, 1293–1296, 1313–1317, 1328–1333) or the Kings of England (1290–1293, 1296–1313,[63] 1317–1328).

Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house
Start End
Kingdom of Scotland (1265‒1290)
Alexander III[64]

(1249–1286)

1265 1286 King of Scots Mann annexed by Scotland Dunkeld
Margaret

(1286–1290)

1286 1290 Queen of Scots Granddaughter of Alexander III Sverre
Kingdom of England (1290‒1293)
Edward I

(1272–1307)

1290 1293 King of England Mann annexed by England Plantagenet
Kingdom of Scotland (1293–1296)
John Balliol

(1292–1296)

1293 1296 King of Scots Mann annexed by Scotland Balliol
Kingdom of England (1296–1313)
Edward I

(1272–1307)

1296 1307 King of England Mann annexed by England Plantagenet
Edward II

(1307–1327)

1307 1327 King of England Son of Edward I
Kingdom of Scotland (1313–1317)
Robert I[65]

the Bruce (1306–1329)

1313 1317 King of Scots Mann annexed by Scotland Bruce
Kingdom of England (1317‒1328)
Edward III

(1327–1377)

1317 1328 King of England Mann annexed by England Plantagenet
Kingdom of Scotland (1328–1333)
Robert I[65]

the Bruce (1306–1329)

1329 1329 King of Scots Mann annexed by Scotland Bruce
David II[66]

(1329–1371)

1329 1333 King of Scots Son of Robert I
Kingdom of England (1317‒1328)
Edward III

(1327–1377)

1333 1333 King of England Mann annexed by England Plantagenet

Kings of Mann (1333 ‒ 1399)

[edit]
Main article: King of Mann
Portrait/Arms Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house Vassalage
Start End
William I

(1301–1344)

1333 1344 King of Mann

Earl of Salisbury

In 1333, Edward III of England renounced all royal claims over Mann, and recognised it as an independent kingdom.[67] Montagu Kingdom of England
William II

(1328–1397)

1344 1392 King of Mann

Earl of Salisbury

Son of William I of Mann
William III

(c.1350–1399)

1392 1399 King of Mann

Earl of Wiltshire

Title purchased from William II of Mann.

He was executed for his support of Richard II in his struggle with Henry Bolingbroke and the Kingdom of Mann passed to the English Crown.

Scrope

English Suzerainty (1399 ‒ 1504)

[edit]
Main article: King of Mann
Portrait/Arms Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house
Start End
Henry IV

(1367–1413)

1399 19 October 1399 King of England Claimed Mann by Right of Conquest Lancaster
Henry I

(1367–1413)

19 October 1399 1405 King of Mann

Earl of Northumberland

Henry IV granted the Island, as a fiefdom under the English Crown to Henry Percy. He was officially made Lord of Mann but styled himself as King of Mann.[68] He was stripped of this title following a rebellion in 1405.[69] Percy
John I

(c.1350–1414)

1405 1414 King of Mann Henry IV granted the Island, as a fiefdom under the English Crown to Sir John Stanley.[69] Stanley
John II

(c.1386–1437)

1405 1437 King of Mann Son of John I of Mann
Thomas I

(c.1405–1459)

1437 February 1459 King of Mann

Baron Stanley

Son of John II of Mann
Thomas II

(1435–1504)

February 1459 29 July 1504 King of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of Thomas I of Mann

Married Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII of England

Thomas III

(1485–1521)

29 July 1504 23 May 1521 King of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of Thomas II of Mann

Lords of Mann (1521 ‒ Present)

[edit]
Main article: Lord of Mann

Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, the son of Thomas Stanley, 2nd Earl of Derby, did not take the style "King", and he and his successors were generally known instead as Lord of Mann.[70][71] However, the Latin style Rex Manniae et Insularum (King of Mann and the Isles) continued to be occasionally used in official documents until at least the 17th century.

In 1765, the title was revested in the Crown of Great Britain; thus today the title, Lord of Mann, is used by King Charles III.[72][73] Queen Victoria was styled as Lady of Mann, whereas, title "Lord" was used by Queen Elizabeth II.[74]

Portrait/Arms Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house
Start End
Edward

(1509–1572)

23 May 1521 24 October 1572 Lord of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of Thomas III of Mann Stanley
Henry II

(1531–1593)

24 October 1572 25 September 1593 Lord of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of Edward of Mann
Ferdinando

(1559–1594)

25 September 1593 16 April 1594 Lord of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby

Succession Dispute (1594–1607)

[edit]

After Ferdinando's death, the succession is disputed between his daughters and his brother William, Earl of Derby. Ultimately the English Privy Council awarded the island to the daughters of Ferdinando.[75] However, they were all below the age of majority at the time so James I of England appointed two interim Lords of Mann to act as regents.[76]

Portrait/Arms Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house
Start End
Henry Howard

(1540–1614)

1607 1608 Lord of Mann

Earl of Northampton

Made interim Lord by letters patent of James I of England Howard
Robert Cecil

(1563–1612)

1608 1609 Lord of Mann

Earl of Salisbury

Made interim Lord by letters patent of James I of England Cecil

In 1609, the Parliament of England passed the Assurance of the Isle of Man Act 1609 (7 Jas. 1. c. 4 Pr.)[77] which established the title in law as Lord of Mann. The lordship was conferred by letters patent dated 7 July 1609 upon William Stanely, Earl of Derby.[78]

Portrait/Arms Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Titles Notes Royal house
Start End
William IV

(1561–1642)

7 July 1609 1612 Lord of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby Stanley
Elizabeth

(1575–1627)

1612 10 March 1627 Lord of Mann

Countess of Derby

Wife of William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby who granted her the title Lord of Mann. De Vere
James

(1607–1651)

10 March 1627 15 October 1651 Lord of Mann

Earl of Derby

Son of William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby and Elizabeth Stanley, Countess of Derby Stanley

See Also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Morrison, Sophia (1911). Manx fairy tales. New York Public Library. London : D. Nutt.
  2. ^ Kessler, P. L. "Kingdoms of British Celts - Galwyddel (Galloway)". The History Files. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
  3. ^ a b "EBK: King Senyllt of Galloway & Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
  4. ^ "EBK: King Neithon of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
  5. ^ AU 577.6; 578.2; Byrne, pg.110; Mac Niocaill, pg.78; Ó Cróinín (EMI), pg. 50; Ó Cróinín (NHI), pg.216.
  6. ^ AU 582.1; AT 580.1
  7. ^ a b Kessler, P. L. "Kingdoms of Caledonia & Ireland - Ynys Manau / Isle of Man". The History Files. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  8. ^ "EBK: King Anllech of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
  9. ^ Guy, Benjamin (2023-05-06), Martin, Dave (ed.), "Manaw of the Britons: The Pre-Viking Kings of the Isle of Man", Isle of Man Studies: The Proceedings of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society, vol. 18, The Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society, pp. 145–161, doi:10.5284/1050092, ISBN 978-1-7394236-0-5, retrieved 2025-07-16
  10. ^ "EBK: King Mermin Mawr of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  11. ^ "EBK: King Anaraud Gwalchcrwn of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  12. ^ "EBK: King Iudgual of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  13. ^ "EBK: King Sandde of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  14. ^ "EBK: King Guriat of Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  15. ^ Woolf (2007) pp. 293–94
  16. ^ Downham (2007) p. 178
  17. ^ "EBK: King Merfyn Frych of Gwynedd & Ynys Manaw". www.earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
  18. ^ Woolf (2007) pp. 140–41
  19. ^ Howorth (1911) p. 12
  20. ^ Howorth (1911) p. 8
  21. ^ Woolf (2007) pp. 140–41
  22. ^ Downham (2007) p. 30
  23. ^ Gregory (1881) pp. 4–6 and/or as otherwise indicated. An asterisk (*) indicates the individual is not considered by Gregory.
  24. ^ Woolf (2007) p. 181
  25. ^ Woolf (2007) p. 174
  26. ^ Ó Corráin (1998) p. 11
  27. ^ Downham (2007) p. 253
  28. ^ Gregory (1881) p. 5
  29. ^ Downham (2007) p. 185
  30. ^ Downham (2007) p. 197
  31. ^ Downham (2007) p. 267
  32. ^ Etchingham (2001) p. 180
  33. ^ a b Woolf (2007) p. 246
  34. ^ a b Etchingham (2001) pp. 157–58
  35. ^ a b Duffy (2006) pp. 53, 55
  36. ^ a b Woolf (2007) p. 245
  37. ^ a b Duffy (1992) p. 100
  38. ^ Downham (2007) p. 187
  39. ^ a b Duffy (1992) pp. 100–01
  40. ^ Duffy (1992) p. 108
  41. ^ The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 51
  42. ^ a b The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 51
  43. ^ Duffy (1992) p. 108
  44. ^ Gregory (1881) p. 5
  45. ^ The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 51
  46. ^ "IOMNHAS vol 3 no 3 p222/229 - Battle of Santwat". www.isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  47. ^ Duffy (1992) pp. 121–22
  48. ^ a b Gregory (1881) pp. 4–6
  49. ^ Hunter (2000) pp. 102–3
  50. ^ a b Duffy (1992) p. 115
  51. ^ a b Duffy (1992) pp. 125–26
  52. ^ Duffy (1992) pp. 127–28
  53. ^ Gregory (1881) pp. 9–17
  54. ^ Woolf (2006) p. 103
  55. ^ a b Gregory (1881) pp. 9–17
  56. ^ "Finlaggan Eilean Mor - the Lords of the Isles".
  57. ^ The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 75
  58. ^ The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 75
  59. ^ a b Gregory (1881) pp. 4–6 and/or as otherwise indicated. An asterisk (*) indicates the individual is not considered by Gregory.
  60. ^ Gregory (1881) p. 17
  61. ^ The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 79
  62. ^ Sellar (2000) pp. 194, 202
  63. ^ "pp139/140- Manx Soc vol 7 'Monumenta de Insula Manniae - Vol 2' - Resumption of Island by Edward I 1307". Isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  64. ^ "Alexander III (r. 1249–1286)". royal.gov.uk. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  65. ^ a b "Robert I (r. 1306–1329)". royal.gov.uk. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  66. ^ "David II (r. 1329–1371)". royal.gov.uk. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  67. ^ "pp183/184 - Manx Soc vol 7 'Monumenta de Insula Manniae - Vol 2'". Isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  68. ^ "pp215/219 Manx Soc vol 7 'Monumenta de Insula Manniae - Vol 2 - Concession of the Isle of Man by Service of the Lancaster Sword, 1399". Isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  69. ^ a b "Monumenta de Insula Manniae - Vol 2 - Respecting the Grant of the Isle of Mann, 1405". Manx Society. 7: 232/4.
  70. ^ "Castle Rushen – Kings and Lords of Mann – Castletown Website". Castletown.org.im. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  71. ^ "Kings & Lords of Mann - Isle of Man Government Manx National Heritage". www.gov.im. Archived from the original on 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  72. ^ "Lord of Mann receives congratulations for time in service". Three.fm. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  73. ^ "IOM Post Office commemorates Queen's reign". Manxradio.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  74. ^ Callow, Edward (1899). "Preface". From King Orry to Queen Victoria: A Short and Concise History of the Isle of Man. London, UK: Elliot Stock. Retrieved 2013-10-27 – via Isle-of-man.com.
  75. ^ "William, Sixth Earl of Derby, 1610-1627". Isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
  76. ^ Oliver, J.R., ed. (1861). "Grant of the Isle of Man to the Earl of Northampton and the Earl of Salesbury". Monumenta de Insula Manniae. Vol. III. Douglas: Manx Society. p. 88. Retrieved 2013-10-27 – via Isle-of-man.com.
  77. ^ Mills, M.A. (1821). "An Acte for the Assuringe and Establishing of the Isle of Manne". Ancient Ordinances and Statute Laws of the Isle of Man. Douglas. pp. 522–527 – via Isle-of-man.com.
  78. ^ Mills, M.A. (1821). "Grant by James I of Island to Earl of Salisbury". Ancient Ordinances and Statute Laws of the Isle of Man. Douglas. pp. 514–522 – via Isle-of-man.com.
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