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HIP 41378 f

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HIP 41378 f
Discovery[1]
Discovered byK2 (Vanderburg et al.)
Discovery dateJune 2016
Transit
Orbital characteristics[2]
1.37±0.02 au
Eccentricity0.004+0.009
−0.003
542.07975±0.00014 d
Inclination89.971°+0.01°
−0.008°
StarHIP 41378
Physical characteristics[2]
9.2±0.1 R🜨 (or 3.7+0.3
−0.2 R🜨 with rings[3])
Mass12±3 M🜨
Mean density
0.09±0.02 g/cm3 (or 1.2±0.4 g/cm3 with rings[3])
TemperatureTeq: 294 K (21 °C; 70 °F)

HIP 41378 f (also known as EPIC 211311380 f) is an exoplanet orbiting around the F-type star HIP 41378. It is the outermost planet of its system and notable for the possibility that the planet may host circumplanetary debris rings.[3] It is located within the optimistic habitable zone of its parent star.[2]

A 2023 study analyzed the orbital stability and detectability of a hypothetical Mars-sized exomoon orbiting HIP 41378 f, finding that the existence of such a moon is feasible but is currently unlikely to be detectable.[4]

Potential ring system

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HIP 41378 f has an anomalously large radius (9.2 R🜨) for a planet of its size and temperature. This radius, combined with its measured mass of (12 M🜨[2]), suggest that its core has a maximum mass of 3 M🜨 and subsequently the planet has an envelope fraction of 75% or greater.[5] This envelope fraction is larger than would be possible in the core accretion model of planet formation for a planet with its core mass, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the planet's radius may be observed to be larger than it actually is due to an optically thick ring system.[3][6] One proposed origin for such a ring system is an exomoon, which migrated and disintegrated in the past.[7] No atmospheric signatures were found as of 2022, further reinforcing the hypothesis of opaque circumplanetary rings.[8]

Ground-based transit detection

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In 2024, astronomers achieved a ground-based detection of HIP 41378 f's transit using a coordinated global campaign involving observatories such as Tierras, TRAPPIST-North, and the Las Cumbres Observatory network. Due to the planet’s long orbital period (~542 days) and extended 19-hour transit duration, no single site observed the full event, but combined multi-night photometry revealed consistent brightness dips (about 4–9 parts per thousand) matching the expected transit depth. This allowed researchers to constrain the mid-transit time to BJDTDB 2460438.889 ± 0.049 and refine predictions for future transits in November 2025 and April 2027. The new data also contributed to updated models of the system’s transit timing variations (TTVs), suggesting that HIP 41378 d, not e, may be the dominant gravitational perturber of planet f, and helped rule out a 101-day orbital alias for planet d, narrowing its likely period to 278, 371, or 1113 days.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Vanderburg, Andrew; Becker, Juliette C.; et al. (August 2016). "Five Planets Transiting a Ninth Magnitude Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 827 (1): L10. arXiv:1606.08441. Bibcode:2016ApJ...827L..10V. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L10.
  2. ^ a b c d Santerne, A.; Malavolta, L.; Kosiarek, M. R.; Dai, F.; Dressing, C. D.; Dumusque, X.; Hara, N. C.; Lopez, T. A.; Mortier, A.; Vanderburg, A.; Adibekyan, V.; Armstrong, D. J.; Barrado, D.; Barros, S. C. C.; Bayliss, D.; Berardo, D.; Boisse, I.; Bonomo, A. S.; Bouchy, F.; Brown, D. J. A.; Buchhave, L. A.; Butler, R. P.; Collier Cameron, A.; Cosentino, R.; Crane, J. D.; Crossfield, I. J. M.; Damasso, M.; Deleuil, M. R.; Delgado Mena, E.; et al. (2019). "An extremely low-density and temperate giant exoplanet". arXiv:1911.07355 [astro-ph.EP].
  3. ^ a b c d Akinsanmi, B.; Santos, N. C.; Faria, J. P.; Oshagh, M.; Barros, S. C. C.; Santerne, A.; Charnoz, S. (2020-03-01). "Can planetary rings explain the extremely low density of HIP 41378 𝑓?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 635: L8. arXiv:2002.11422. Bibcode:2020A&A...635L...8A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037618. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ^ Harada, Caleb K.; Dressing, Courtney D.; et al. (November 2023). "Stability and Detectability of Exomoons Orbiting HIP 41378 f, a Temperate Jovian Planet with an Anomalously Low Apparent Density". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (5): 208. arXiv:2303.14294. Bibcode:2023AJ....166..208H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad011c.
  5. ^ Belkovski, M.; Becker, J.; Howe, A.; Malsky, I.; Batygin, K. (2022). "A Multiplanet System's Sole Super-puff: Exploring Allowable Physical Parameters for the Cold Super-puff HIP 41378 f". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (6): 277. arXiv:2203.17180. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..277B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac6353.
  6. ^ Piro, A. L.; Vissapragada, S. (2020). "Exploring Whether Super-puffs can be Explained as Ringed Exoplanets". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (4): 131. arXiv:1911.09673. Bibcode:2020AJ....159..131P. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab7192.
  7. ^ Saillenfest, M.; Sulis, S.; Charpentier, P.; Santerne, A. (2023). "Oblique rings from migrating exomoons: A possible origin for long-period exoplanets with enlarged radii". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 675. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/20234674 (inactive 12 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  8. ^ Alam, Munazza K.; Kirk, James; Dressing, Courtney D.; López-Morales, Mercedes; Ohno, Kazumasa; Gao, Peter; Akinsanmi, Babatunde; Santerne, Alexandre; Grouffal, Salomé; Adibekyan, Vardan; Barros, Susana C. C.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dai, Fei; Deleuil, Magali; Giacalone, Steven; Lillo-Box, Jorge; Marley, Mark; Mayo, Andrew W.; Mortier, Annelies; Santos, Nuno C.; Sousa, Sérgio G.; Turtelboom, Emma V.; Wheatley, Peter J.; Vanderburg, Andrew M. (2022), "The First Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of HIP 41378 f, A Low-mass Temperate Jovian World in a Multiplanet System", The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 927 (1): L5, arXiv:2201.02686, Bibcode:2022ApJ...927L...5A, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac559d, S2CID 245837282
  9. ^ García-Mejía, Juliana; de Beurs, Zoë L.; Tamburo, Patrick; Vanderburg, Andrew; Charbonneau, David; Collins, Karen A.; Barkaoui, Khalid; Watkins, Cristilyn N.; Stockdale, Chris; Schwarz, Richard P.; Forés-Toribio, Raquel; Muñoz, Jose A.; Isopi, Giovanni; Mallia, Franco; Zapparata, Aldo; Popowicz, Adam; Brudny, Andrzej; Agol, Eric; Alam, Munazza K.; Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; Emmanuel, Jehin; Ghachoui, Mourad; Gillon, Michaël; Horne, Keith; Pallé, Enric; Sefako, Ramotholo; Shporer, Avi; Timmermans, Mathilde (2025). "A Ground-Based Transit Observation of the Long-Period Extremely Low-Density Planet HIP 41378 f". arXiv:2506.20907 [astro-ph.EP].


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