Draft:Taroko Tatuk
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This submission reads more like an essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or original research. Please write about the topic from a neutral point of view in an encyclopedic manner. Declined by CoconutOctopus 7 days ago. | |
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Tatuk is a traditional instrument of the Taroko people in Taiwan.
Introduction
[edit]The Taroko people, known locally as Seediq-Truku people,[1] are one of the indigenous tribes of eastern Taiwan. And tatuk is their traditional percussion instrument. Resembling a xylophone, the tatuk comprises a set of four stiff wooden bars of graduated length, a pair of beaters, and a pair of wooden stands, which are all made of Rhus javanica, Fagara ailanthoides, or Aluerites Fordii.[2] Before World War II, the main function of the tatuk xylophone was to signal in hunting or fighting. Truku lovers employed the tatuk to deliver secret messages. Also, the Truku people frequently accompanied their dancing and folksongs on the tatuk xylophone.[3]
Meaning of the name
[edit]The name "Tatuk" has the related lexeme "Tattok" because of its pronunciation.[4] And "Tattok" fundamentally means "a knocking" is.
History and Origin
[edit]origin and initial usage
Taroko tatuk first appeared from Cyakang[5],the tribe,where situated in Hualien. During Japanese colony,the taroko people often used tatuk during the multiple occasions[6],such as signaling success in hunting or battle,delivering messages between Truku tribes or families,inviting villagers to communal feasts,and even being accompanied with weddings and courtship rituals,ect.
legendary
There were also some saying goes that during Japanese colony,Japanese government developed the policy called 山地平地化政策[7],wanted taroko people to move from their mountain homeland to the plain to govern them easier.While them didn't want to follow their rules and policies,choosing to have rebellions.Accordingly,they used tatuk to communicate with others that the position of Japanese
Comparison
1.Traditionally seen as a masculine activity,while now both genders participate in.
2.Once tatuk was made with bamboo but modern versions are exclusively wooden.
3.Truku people were thought as same as Atayal people, and then Government recognized Truku as a distinct aboriginal group in 2004,[8] partly due to their musical identity like tatuk.
Structure and Materials
[edit]The structure of the Tatuk consists of four bars tuned to D-E-G-A, a pair of non-sonorous beaters, and a pair of stand slanted inwards.[9]
The materials used to construct the Tatuk are entirely made out of wood. This includes wooden bars (formerly made from bamboo), non-sonorous wooden mallets, and wooden stands. The tatuk can be played with one hand or both hands.[10]
The approximate key dimensions for the Tatuk are as follows::
D: 41.5 cm
E: 38.5 cm
G: 38 cm
A: 36 cm
Playing Method
[edit]Taroko tatuk can be played by striking its wooden bar with the beaters and can be played kneeling or standing. In terms of the number of performers, It can be performed solo or ensemble. It can also perform both modern and traditional style music. When performing modern music, tatuk is often accompanied by another instrument such as a piano or congo drums. Traditionally, tatuk often be played at festivals, weddings or purely staged performances（for example, Warrior Song）. When harvest festivals, Children will also play tatuk to create joyful and energetic sounds.[11]
Fundamental knowledge of playing
[edit]- Taroko Tatuk has only four notes：D, E, G and A
- Hold the beaters at its center. When striking, allow it to bounce back naturally.[12]
Cultural Significance
[edit]The tatuk, a traditional xylophone, was the main tool used by the Seediq-Truku people to communicate and organize their community. Before World War II, various tribal groups created distinctive rhythmic patterns that functioned as identifiable cues in their societies.[13] Socially, this tool was very important, particularly when it came to sharing resources. After hunting expeditions were successful, hunters would use the tatuk to contact faraway households and invite them to a feast. They frequently set up shop on rooftops or other elevated surfaces, which improved sound projection and clarity over greater distances, to ensure they would be heard clearly.[14] As a means of long-distance communication, the "tatuk" was particularly significant during wedding ceremonies and the festivities that followed successful hunts. According to traditional Seediq-Truku wedding customs, grooms had to use wooden chairs to carry their brides over mountainous terrain while making sure the bride's feet stayed off the ground to avoid any marital misfortune.[15]
Current Status and Preservation
[edit]Taroko tatuk in Taroko National Park 太魯閣国家公園
Taroko National Park[16] preserves not just the natural environment, but also Truku culture and music. At Buluowan, a cultural area inside the park, there will be exhibitions of Truku arts and crafts, multimedia shows about the ecology and Truku traditions,live performances by Truku musicians, and workshops to teach locals how to make and sell instruments. Every second weekend, traditional music is performed in front of the visitor center. For example, there would be the Truku wedding play accompanied by the Taroko tatuk xylophone. These performances let tourists experience the music and culture of Taroko people. However, the park also places restrictions on hunting and tree-cutting, which affects local traditions. The park has a duty to support job opportunities and cultural programs for the Truku people.
Taroko tatuk and Isolated preservation
Isolated preservation happens when traditional instruments are stored in museums, not used in daily life. Currently, Taroko tatuk xylophones are dislayed at the Ethnographic Artefacts Exhibition Room at National Taiwan University,[17] and the Museum of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica.[18] Some claim these museums display aboriginal instruments as historical objects. Instruments are treated as something from the past, rather than tools for living music traditions. Isolated preservation was even descriebed as exhibitions of instruments as"war trophies" or idealized images of the past. Also,the true meaning and use of the instruments are questioned as instruments have been removed from their original environment through isolated preservation.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Peoples, The web site of Council of Indigenous (December 20, 2010). "Truku". The web site of Council of Indigenous Peoples.
- ^ TAXONOMIES OF TAIWANESE ABORIGINAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS BY LANCINI JEN-HAO CHENG, BA, M.LITT. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OFDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO, DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND. p.245
- ^ TAXONOMIES OF TAIWANESE ABORIGINAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS BY LANCINI JEN-HAO CHENG, BA, M.LITT. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OFDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO, DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND. p.249
- ^ TAXONOMIES OF TAIWANESE ABORIGINAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS BY LANCINI JEN-HAO CHENG, BA, M.LITT. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OFDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO, DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND. p.354
- ^ https://www.erv-nsa.gov.tw/zh-tw/travel/cyakang
- ^ https://student.hlc.edu.tw/action/file/368/20220919155406642.pdf?
- ^ "| 中華民國教育部 - 部史網站".
- ^ "Mythologies of the Truku (Taroko) People". 22 April 2023.
- ^ Cheng, L.J.-H., 2022. Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. [doctoral thesis University of Otago, December. Available at: https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Taxonomies-of-Taiwanese-Aboriginal-Musical-Instruments/9926480150701891/filesAndLinks?index=0 [Accessed 13 Jun. 2025].]
- ^ Cheng, L.J.-H., 2022. Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. [doctoral thesis University of Otago, December. Available at: https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Taxonomies-of-Taiwanese-Aboriginal-Musical-Instruments/9926480150701891/filesAndLinks?index=0 [Accessed 13 Jun. 2025].]
- ^ Cheng, L.J.-H., 2022. Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. [doctoral thesis University of Otago, December. Available at: https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Taxonomies-of-Taiwanese-Aboriginal-Musical-Instruments/9926480150701891/filesAndLinks?index=0 [Accessed 13 Jun. 2025].]
- ^ Cheng, L.J.-H., 2022. Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. [doctoral thesis University of Otago, December. Available at: https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Taxonomies-of-Taiwanese-Aboriginal-Musical-Instruments/9926480150701891/filesAndLinks?index=0 [Accessed 13 Jun. 2025].]
- ^ Cheng, Lancini J.H. (December 2014). Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. pp. 249, 627.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Cheng, Lancini J.H (Dec 2014). Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. p. 627.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Cheng, Lancini J.H. (December 2014). Taxonomies of Taiwanese Aboriginal Musical Instruments. Dunedin, New Zealand.: University of Otago. p. 628.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Taroko National Park World Wide Web-English Version". Taroko National Park World Wide Web-English Version.
- ^ "Introduction - 國立臺灣大學人類學系". February 5, 2025.
- ^ "中研院民族所". www.ioe.sinica.edu.tw.
屬於臺灣人的文化寶庫｜國家文化記憶庫2.0 (2018). 支亞干部落／Ciyakang. [online] 國家文化記憶庫 2.0. Available at: https://tcmb.culture.tw/zh-tw/detail?id=595993&indexCode=Culture_Place.
Taroko National Park World Wide Web-English Version. (n.d.). Taroko National Park World Wide Web-English Version. [online] Available at: https://www.taroko.gov.tw/en/.
國立臺灣大學人類學系 -. (2025). Introduction - 國立臺灣大學人類學系. [online] Available at: https://anthro.ntu.edu.tw/en/introduction-2/.
中央研究院民族學研究所 (2025). 中研院民族所. [online] Sinica.edu.tw. Available at: https://www.ioe.sinica.edu.tw/?SiteID=6d0e3b6b-4623-45b4-ba6e-395e3b79eae0.
花蓮縣原住民行政處 (2015). 木琴. [online] 花蓮縣原住民族傳統文化數位典藏. Available at: https://abda.hl.gov.tw/Artifact/Detail/41/%E6%9C%A8%E7%90%B4.