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Draft:List of Khasas Kingdoms and Kings

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Khasas (Sanskrit: खश, IAST: Khaśa) were an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe[1] and a late Janapada kingdom[2] from Himalayan regions of northern Indian subcontinent.They were reported to have lived around Gandhara, Trigarta and Madra Kingdom as per the Mahabharata. Khasas ruled over Kabul to Sikkim.[note 1][4][5][6]

Khasa Kingdoms and Dynasties

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The Lohara dynasty was a Khasas[7][8] dynasty that ruled over Kashmir and surrounding regions in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent between 1003 CE and approximately 1320 CE.

The Katyuri kingdom also known as Katyuri dynasty was a medieval ruling kingdom of the khasas [9][note 2] that ruled over the regions in Uttarakhand in India and western Nepal from 500 to 1200 CE. or 700 to 1200 CE.

Khasa Kingdom (Nepali: खस राज्य, romanized: Khasa Rājya) and Yatse (Wylie: ya rtse) in Tibetan, was a medieval kingdom established around the 11th century in regions that are presently in far-western Nepal and parts of Uttarakhand state in India.

The kingdom of Kuninda (or Kulinda in ancient literature) was an ancient central Himalayan khasas kingdom documented from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, located in the southern areas of modern Himachal Pradesh and far western areas of Uttarakhand in northern India and Doti Gadwall in Nepal.

The Shah Mir dynasty (Kashmiri: شاه میٖر خاندان) or the House of Shah Mir, was a Kashmiri Khasas[11][note 3] dynasty that ruled the Kashmir Sultanate in South Asia.

Baise Rajya (Nepali: बाइसे राज्यहरू, lit. '22 kingdoms') were sovereign and intermittently allied petty kingdoms on the Indian subcontinent, ruled by Khasas from medieval Nepal, located around the Karnali-Bheri river basin of modern-day Nepal

The 22 principalities were Jumla, Doti, Jajarkot, Bajura, Gajur, Malneta, Thalahara, Dailekh District, Dullu, Duryal, Dang, Sallyana, Chilli, Tulsipur State, Darnar, [15] Atbis Gotam, Majal, Gurnakot, and Rukum.[a] These Baise states were ruled by Khasas and several decentralized tribal polities.[17]

The Kingdom of Lalitpur, also known as Patan, (Nepali: ललितपुर/पाटन) was a kingdom ruled by the Malla dynasty of Nepal[18][19] established in 1482 after King Yaksha Malla's death. His sons divided the kingdom into four parts: Bhaktapur, Kantipur, Lalitpur, and Banepa.[20][21] [22][note 4]

  • Guge dynastic kingdom

Guge (Tibetan: གུ་གེ་, Wylie: gu ge; Chinese: 古格) was an ancient dynastic kingdom in Western Tibet ruled by khasa[23]

The Shah dynasty (Nepali: शाह वंश), also known as the Shahs of Gorkha or the Royal House of Gorkha, was the ruling Chaubise Thakuri dynasty[24]

The Kallala Dynasty or Kalyal Dynasty (Nepali: कल्याल वंश) was the ruling dynasty of the Jumla Kingdom formed by shahi Baliraj shahi after the disintegration of Khasa kingdom. The capital of this dynasty was Svarnagrama.[25]

Khasa Kings and notables

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Sangramaraja or Samgramaraja (IAST: Samgrāmarāja) was the founder of the Lohara dynasty and ruled Kashmir from 1003 to 1028.he belongs to khasas tribe.[26][27]

Shamsu'd-Din Shah Mir (Persian: سلطان شمس الدین شاه میر) or simply as Shah Mir or Shah Mirza (r. 1339–1342) was the second Sultan of Kashmir and founder of the Shah Mir dynasty[note 5]

  • Vasu Dev

Vasu Dev Katyuri was Founder of Katyuri Dynasty and ruled over UttrakhandDoti.He belongs to Khasas Tribe[31][32]

  • Nararaja

Nagaraja (IAST: Nāgarāja) war founder of khasa kingdom.[33]

  • Amoghabhuti

Amogh was a king of the Kuninda Kingdom in northern India, during the late 2nd century BCE to early 1st century BCE.[34][35]

Arimalla, also known as Aridev Malla, (Maithili: अरिदेव मल्ल) was the first king of the Malla dynasty in the Kathmandu valley, also known as Nepal Mandala at that time.[36]

Ripu Malla (Nepali: रिपु मल्ल) was the Maharajadhiraja of the Khasa Kingdom who reigned in the early 14th century.[37]

References

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  1. ^ Driem, George van (12 September 2022). Languages of the Himalayas: Volume 2. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-51492-8.
  2. ^ Miśra, Sudāmā (1973). Janapada State in Ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana.
  3. ^ Kusuman, K. K. (1990). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-214-1.
  4. ^ Agrawal, Dharma Pal; Kharakwal, J. S. (1998). Central Himalayas: An Archaeological, Linguistic, and Cultural Synthesis. Aryan Books International. ISBN 978-81-7305-132-6.
  5. ^ Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (2002). History of Uttaranchal. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-134-4.
  6. ^ Bellew, Henry Walter (1891). An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan. Oriental university institute.
  7. ^ Majumdar, R. C. (2009). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  8. ^ MISHRA, Yogendra (1972). THE HINDU SAHIS OF AFGHANISTAN AND THE PUNJAB. S. M. SUSHILA DEVI.
  9. ^ a b Handa 2002, p. 22.
  10. ^ Handa 2002, p. 24-25.
  11. ^ Wani, Nizam-Ud-Dīn (1993). Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1954 AD to 1586 AD (Reprint ed.). New Delhi: Anmol Publications. p. 29. ISBN 8170418313.
  12. ^ Kapur, Manohar Lal (1971). A History of Medieval Kashmir, 1320-1586 A.D. A.R.B. Publications; sole distributors: Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
  13. ^ Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 1. Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir.
  14. ^ Wani, Nizam-ud-Din (1987). Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1554 A.D. to 1586 A.D. Jay Kay Book House. p. 29.
  15. ^ Account of the Kingdom of Nepal, and of the Territories annexed to this Dominion by the House of Gorkha by Francis Hamilton (formerly Buchanan) M.D., 1819
  16. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 4.
  17. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 3.
  18. ^ Khand 2005, p. 201.
  19. ^ Shrestha 2007, p. 10.
  20. ^ Ring et al. 1994, p. 466.
  21. ^ Lall 1994, p. 60.
  22. ^ Hutt, Michael J. (1995). Nepal: A Guide to the Art and Architecture of the Kathmandu Valley. Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-57062-061-4.
  23. ^ Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface. Berlin: De Gruyter. 2011. p. 117. ISBN 9783110806496.
  24. ^ Karl J. Schmidt (20 May 2015). An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History. Routledge. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-317-47681-8.
  25. ^ Surya Mani Adhikary (1997). The Khaśa kingdom: a trans-Himalayan empire of the middle age. Nirala. ISBN 978-81-85693-50-7.
  26. ^ Majumdar, R. C (2009). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  27. ^ MISHRA, YOGENDRA (1972). THE HINDU SAHIS OF AFGHANISTAN AND THE PUNJAB. S. M. SUSHILA DEVI.
  28. ^ Kapur, Manohar Lal (1971). A History of Medieval Kashmir, 1320-1586 A.D. A.R.B. Publications; sole distributors: Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
  29. ^ Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 1. Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir.
  30. ^ Wani, Nizam-ud-Din (1987). Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1554 A.D. to 1586 A.D. Jay Kay Book House. p. 29.
  31. ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1995). Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-572-0.
  32. ^ Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Garhwal. Government of Uttar Pradesh. 1989.
  33. ^ Adhikary, Surya Mani (1997). The Khaśa Kingdom: A Trans-Himalayan Empire of the Middle Age. Nirala Publications. ISBN 978-81-85693-50-7.
  34. ^ Lahiri, Bela (1974). Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.), Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp. 235–6
  35. ^ Asoke Kumar Bhattacharyyam, A pageant of Indian culture: art and archaeology p. 156ff
  36. ^ Shrestha, D.B.; Singh, C.B. (1972). The History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal (PDF). University of Cambridge.
  37. ^ Weise, Kai (2013-10-29). The Sacred Garden of Lumbini: Perceptions of Buddha's birthplace. UNESCO. p. 54. ISBN 978-92-3-001208-3.

Notes

  1. ^ According to Pradhan, the Baise States included Kumaon, Garhwal in the west, Western Tibet in the north and Surkhet alogwith inner Terai valleys in the south.[16]
  1. ^ The Khasa chiefs of Rajapuri intermarried freely with the Kshatriya rulers of Kashmir. Simharāja, the Khasa chief of the Lohara and married the daughter of Sahi kings of Kabul. The chiefs of the Lohara are distinctly named as belonging to the Khasa tribe.22 Stein, further ob-serves that the Khasas are identical with the modern Khakha tribe, to which most of the petty hill chiefs and gentry in the Vitasta valley below Kashmir belong. 23 Babur has also suggested that the name Kashmir may have been derived from 'Kas' a hill tribe living in the neighbourhood of Kashmir. 24,[3]
  2. ^ Most of the scholars agreed upon the khasas origin of Katyuris.[9][10]
  3. ^ . Shahmir was a Khasa by birth and descended from the chiefs of Panchagahvara. The names of his father and grandfather are men-tioned as Quru Shah and Tahir Ali respectively (Dr. Zutshi, p..7). Shahmir came to Kashmir in 1313 along with his tribe in search of fortune and employment.[12][13][14]
  4. ^ Kingdom of lalitapur ruled by khasa chieftains
  5. ^ . Shahmir was a Khasa by birth and descended from the chiefs of Panchagahvara. The names of his father and grandfather are men-tioned as Quru Shah and Tahir Ali respectively (Dr. Zutshi, p..7). Shahmir came to Kashmir in 1313 along with his tribe in search of fortune and employment.[28][29][30]
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