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Draft:GPT-5

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Generative Pre-trained Transformer 5 (GPT-5)
Developer(s)OpenAI
Initial releaseAugust 7, 2025; 1 day ago (2025-08-07)
Included with
Predecessor
Type
LicenseProprietary
Websiteopenai.com/index/introducing-gpt-5/

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 5 (GPT-5) is a multimodal large language model developed by OpenAI and the fifth in its series of GPT foundation models. Preceded primarily by GPT-4 and GPT-4.1, it was launched on August 7, 2025, and is publicly accessible via the chatbot products ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot as well as through the OpenAI API.

Background

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Further information: GPT-4 § Background, GPT-3 § Background, and GPT-2 § Background
Part of a series on
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Related articles

In 2018, OpenAI introduced the first GPT model (GPT-1), publishing a paper called "Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training".[1] It was based on the transformer architecture and was trained on a large corpus of books.[2] In 2019, OpenAI introduced GPT-2, a larger model that could generate coherent text.[3]

In 2020, OpenAI introduced GPT-3, a model with 100 times as many parameters as GPT-2. It could perform various tasks with few examples.[4] GPT-3 was further improved into InstructGPT, which was used in 2022 to create ChatGPT, the flagship chatbot product of OpenAI. ChatGPT was initially based on GPT-3.5, but it was later transitioned to the GPT-4 model, which was released on March 14, 2023.

On April 14, 2023, Sam Altman, the chief executive officer of OpenAI, spoke at an event at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and said that the company was not training GPT-5 at that time. He stated that OpenAI was "prioritizing GPT-4 development" and that "we are not and won't for some time" release GPT-5.[5] On July 18, OpenAI filed for a "GPT-5" trademark in the United States.[6][7][8] On November 13, Altman confirmed to the Financial Times that the company was working to develop GPT-5.[9][10]

By late July 2025, OpenAI was widely anticipated as planning to release GPT-5 in early August.[11][12][13][14] On August 6, OpenAI announced its planned livestream event for August 7. In its announcement, OpenAI replaced the "s" in the word "livestream" with a "5", indicating its intention to unveil GPT-5 during the livestream.[15][16]

Capabilities

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According to OpenAI, improvements over GPT-5's predecessor models include faster response times, better coding and creative writing skills, more accurate answers to health questions, and lower levels of hallucination.[17][18][19] One day prior to the release of GPT-5, two early testers of the model stated that they were "impressed" by its ability to code and to solve math and science problems. They suggested that the model shows great improvement from GPT-4, but not as large of a gain as from GPT-3 to GPT-4.[20] That same day, during a press briefing, Sam Altman, the chief executive officer of OpenAI, called GPT-5 "a significant step along the path to AGI", referring to artificial general intelligence, the hypothetical level of intelligence that OpenAI defines as the ability to perform any economically valuable task that a human can.[21] According to Altman, GPT-5 is "significantly better" than its predecessors, offering "PhD-level" abilities across a wide range of tasks.[22]

Architecture

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GPT-5 is a system that contains a fast, high-throughput model, a deeper reasoning model, and a real-time router that decides which model to use based on conversation type, complexity, tool needs, and explicit user intent.[23] GPT-5 also includes agentic functionality. The GPT-5 system card defines two fast, high-throughput models – gpt-5-main and gpt-5-main-mini – and two thinking models – gpt-5-thinking and gpt-5-thinking-mini. In the OpenAI API, developers can access the thinking model, its mini version, and gpt-5-thinking-nano, an even smaller and faster nano version of the thinking model. Additionally, ChatGPT provides access to gpt-5-thinking with a setting that makes use of parallel test time compute, which is referred to as gpt-5-thinking-pro.[citation needed]

Limitations

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Training

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Alignment

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Use

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GPT-5 is used in ChatGPT.[16][15] Although GPT-5 is free for all ChatGPT users,[24][21] paid users get higher use limits as well as access to GPT-5 Pro.[25] Standard limits for lower-tier users on responses per hour still apply. GPT-5 is also available in Microsoft Copilot, and Microsoft has stated that it will incorporate GPT-5 into a wide variety of its products.[26][27] It is also accessible via the OpenAI API.[28]

Reception

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See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Radford, Alec; Narasimhan, Karthik; Salimans, Tim; Sutskever, Ilya (June 11, 2018). "Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  2. ^ Khandelwal, Umesh (April 1, 2023). "How Large Language GPT models evolved and work". Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  3. ^ "What is GPT-4 and Why Does it Matter?". April 3, 2023. Archived from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  4. ^ Brown, Tom B. (July 20, 2020). "Language Models are Few-Shot Learners". arXiv:2005.14165v4 [cs.CL].
  5. ^ "OpenAI's Sam Altman Says There's No Chat GPT-5 to Worry About...Yet". April 14, 2023.
  6. ^ USPTO GPT-5 Trademark Registration https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4805:xgx403.2.1
  7. ^ "OpenAI Drops Huge Clue About GPT-5". August 2, 2023.
  8. ^ "GPT-5". March 17, 2023.
  9. ^ Dorrier, Jason (November 15, 2023). "OpenAI CEO Sam Altman Says His Company Is Now Building GPT-5". Singularity Hub. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  10. ^ Murgia, Madhumita (November 13, 2023). "OpenAI chief seeks new Microsoft funds to build 'superintelligence'". Financial Times. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  11. ^ Morrone, Ina Fried,Megan (July 24, 2025). "OpenAI's GPT-5 is coming in early August, per sources". Axios.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Warren, Tom (July 24, 2025). "OpenAI prepares to launch GPT-5 in August". The Verge.
  13. ^ "OpenAI's GPT-5 Shines in Coding Tasks".
  14. ^ "Inside OpenAI's Rocky Path to GPT-5".
  15. ^ a b "OpenAI teases GPT-5 launch event this Thursday".
  16. ^ a b [1]
  17. ^ "OpenAI Unveils GPT-5, New AI Model, to ChatGPT Users". The New York Times. August 7, 2025. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  18. ^ "ChatGPT got a big upgrade. Here's what to know about OpenAI's GPT-5". The Washington Post. August 7, 2025. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  19. ^ Milmo, Dan; Milmo, Dan (August 7, 2025). "OpenAI says latest ChatGPT upgrade is big step forward but still can't do humans' jobs". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  20. ^ Tong, Anna; Tong, Anna. "OpenAI's long-awaited GPT-5 model nears release". Reuters.
  21. ^ a b Robison, Kylie. "OpenAI Finally Launched GPT-5. Here's Everything You Need to Know". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  22. ^ Jamali, Lily; McMahon, Liv (August 7, 2025). "OpenAI claims new GPT-5 model boosts ChatGPT to 'PhD level'". www.bbc.com. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  23. ^ "GPT-5 System Card". openai.com. August 7, 2025. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  24. ^ Capoot, Ashley (August 7, 2025). "OpenAI launches new GPT-5 model for all ChatGPT users". CNBC. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  25. ^ Yang, Angela; Cui, Jasmine (August 7, 2025). "OpenAI releases GPT-5, calling it a 'team of Ph.D. level experts in your pocket'". NBC News. Retrieved August 8, 2025.
  26. ^ Warren, Tom (August 7, 2025). "Microsoft brings GPT-5 to Copilot with new smart mode". The Verge. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  27. ^ "Microsoft is getting ready for GPT-5 with a new Copilot smart mode".
  28. ^ "Introducing GPT‑5 for developers". Retrieved August 7, 2025.

Sources

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