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Chitral District

Coordinates: 36°15′N 72°15′E / 36.250°N 72.250°E / 36.250; 72.250
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Chitral District
ݯھیترارو ضلع
ضلع چترال
District of Pakistan
1947–2018

Map of the former district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
CapitalChitral City
DemonymChitralis
Area 
• 1947–2018
14,850 km2 (5,730 sq mi)
Population 
• 1947–2018
414,000
 • TypeDistrict Government
History 
• Established
14 August 1947
• Establishment of Lower and Upper Chitral
20 July 2018
Political subdivisions6 Tehsils
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Chitral State
Lower Chitral
Upper Chitral
Today part ofPakistan
 · Lower Chitral & Upper Chitral Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Chitral District (Khowar: ݯھیترارو ضلع; Urdu: ضلع چترال) was a district in the Malakand Division of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 14 August 1947 to 2018. It was the northernmost[1] and the largest district of the province, covering an area of 14,850 km2, before splitting away the new Upper Chitral District and renaming to Lower Chitral District.[2]

It shared district borders with Swat and Dir to the south, a provincial border with Gilgit-Baltistan to the east and the Durand Line as international border with Afghanistan to the north and west.[3] Afghanistan's narrow strip of Wakhan Corridor separated Chitral from Tajikistan in the north.[4]

History

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Chitral shared much of its history and culture with the neighbouring Hindu Kush territories of Gilgit-Baltistan, a region sometimes called "Peristan" because of the common belief in fairies (peri) inhabiting the high mountains.

The entire region that formed the Chitral District was an independent monarchical state until 1895, when the British negotiated a treaty with its hereditary ruler, the Mehtar, under which Chitral became a semi-autonomous princely state within the Indian Empire. The Chitral (princely state) retained this status even after its accession to Pakistan in 1947, finally being made an administrative district of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, disestablishing the Princely State.[5]

Topography and access

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Qaqlasht Meadows above Buni

Chitral was counted amongst the highest regions of the world, sweeping from 1,094 metres at Arandu to 7,726 metres at Tirichmir and packing over 40 peaks more than 6,100 metres in height. The terrain of Chitral was very mountainous, and Tirich Mir (25,289 feet), the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, rises in the north of the former district.[6] Around 4.8 percent of the land was covered by forest, and 76 percent was mountains and glaciers.

Chitral was connected to the rest of Pakistan by two major road routes, the Lowari Pass ( elevation. 10,23 ft.) from Dir and Shandur Top (elevation 12,200 ft.) from Gilgit. Both routes used to be closed in winter, but circa 2017 the highway Lowari Tunnel under the Lowari Pass opened to vehicular traffic for at least ten hours per day.[7] A number of other high passes, including Darkot Pass, Thoi Pass, and Zagaran Pass, provided access on foot to Chitral from Gilgit-Baltistan.

  • Arandu Pass, on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan
  • Broghol Pass, on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan
  • Dorah Pass, on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan
  • Darkot Pass, on the border between Chitral and Gupis-Yasin District
  • Shandur Pass, on the border between Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan
  • Lowari Pass, on the border between Chitral and upper Dir
  • Lowari Tunnel, highway under Lowari Pass[7]
  • Thoi Pass, on the border between Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan
  • Zagaran Pass, on the border between Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan

Demographics

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The district had a population of about 414,000.[1] The general population was mainly made up of Kho people, who speak Khowar, which is also spoken in parts of Yasin, Gilgit, Dir, and Swat. Chitral was also home to the Kalash tribe, who live in Bumburet and two other remote valleys southwest of Chitral town. A few thousand Nuristani people were also known to live in Chitral.

The main language of the region is Khowar. There are also smaller communities of speakers of Arabic, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Gujari, Kalasha, Kyrgyz, Katë, Madaklashti, Palula, Sarikoli, Wakhi, and Yidgha.[8] Urdu has official status.

Chitral City

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The city of Chitral was the main city in the district and served as its capital. It is situated on the west bank of the Chitral River (also known as the Kunar River) at the foot of Tirich Mir, which at 7,708 m (25,289 ft) is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush. Formerly it served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral and now it has this role for the succeeding Lower Chitral district.

Administration

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The district of Chitral was divided into twenty-four union councils and two tehsils:[9][10][11]

National Assembly

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This district was represented by one elected MNA (Member of the National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly. Its constituency was NA-1.[12]

Member of National Assembly Party Affiliation Year
Abdul Akbar Khan Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal 2002
Shahzada Mohiuddin Pakistan Muslim League 2008
Shahzada Iftikhar Uddin All Pakistan Muslim League 2013

Provincial Assembly

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The district was represented by two elected MPAs in the provincial assembly, who represented the following constituencies:

Villages

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "District Government Chitral". Chitral District Government Web Portal. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015.
  2. ^ "Upper Chitral gets status of separate district". Dawn newspaper. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Governance and Militancy in Afghanistan and Pakistan". Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
  4. ^ Nusser, Marcus; Dickoré, Wolf Bernhard (2002). "A Tangle in the Triangle: Vegetation Map of the Eastern Hindukush (Chitral, Northern Pakistan)" (PDF). Erdkunde. 56 (1): 37–59. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2002.01.03. JSTOR 23218603.
  5. ^ Marsden, Magnus (2010). "A tour not so grand: mobile Muslims in northern Pakistan". In Osella; Filippo; Soares; Benjamin (eds.). Islam, Politics, Anthropology. Chichester, England: Royal Anthropological Institute by Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 57–75, page 58. ISBN 978-1-4443-3295-7.
  6. ^ "Disaster Vulnerability Assessment Report, District Chitral, KPK, Pakistan" (PDF). Hope87.org website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  7. ^ a b Zahiruddin (30 September 2018). "Lowari tunnel: opportunities and challenges". Dawn. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  8. ^ "About [Lower Chitral]". Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Tehsils & Unions in the District of Chitral". National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan website. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  10. ^ "Pakistan: North West Frontier Province: District, Tehsil and Union Code Reference Map (MA518-pak-NWFP UCs A3-v01)" (PDF). Pakistan: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 1 July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013.
  11. ^ "List of Tehsils/Talukas with Respect to Their Districts". Statistics Division, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics, Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010.
  12. ^ "Election Commission of Pakistan". Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  13. ^ "Rom Kili: Pakistan". geographic.org. Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
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36°15′N 72°15′E / 36.250°N 72.250°E / 36.250; 72.250

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