William Giauque
William Giauque | |
|---|---|
 Giauque in 1949 | |
| Born | William Francis Giauque May 12, 1895 Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | March 28, 1982 (aged 86) Berkeley, California, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | University of California, Berkeley (BS, PhD) |
| Awards | Elliott Cresson Medal (1937) Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1949) Willard Gibbs Award (1951) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physical chemistry |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
| Doctoral advisor | George Ernest Gibson |
| Doctoral students | Theodore H. Geballe |
William Francis Giauque (/dʒiˈoʊk/;[1] May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was a Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel laureate. He was recognized in 1949, for his studies in the properties of matter, at temperatures close to absolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational and professional career at the University of California, Berkeley.
Biography
[edit]William Francis Giauque was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario, on May 12, 1895.
His father (William Tecumseh Giauque) was an American citizen, and so William Francis Giauque was conferred American citizenship, despite being born in Canada,[2][3]
In 1926, he proposed a method for observing temperatures considerably below 1 Kelvin (1 K is −457.87 °F or −272.15 °C). He developed a magnetic refrigeration device of his own design in order to achieve this outcome, getting closer to absolute zero than many scientists had thought possible. This trailblazing work, apart from proving one of the fundamental laws of nature led to stronger steel, better gasoline and more efficient processes in a range of industries.
Giauque was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1936,[4] a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1940,[5] and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.[6]
Personal life
[edit]In 1932, Giauque married Dr. Muriel Frances Ashley and they had two sons. He died on March 28, 1982, in Berkeley, California.
Notes
[edit]- ^ The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2004.
- ^ Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Shirley, David A. (1996). William Francis Giauque 1895—1982 (PDF). Washington D.C.: National Academies Press. pp. 39–57.
- ^ "William F. Giauque". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1942-1962. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company. 1964.
- ^ "W. F. Giauque". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ^ "William Francis Giauque". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
References
[edit]- Shampo, Marc A; Kyle, Robert A; Steensma, David P (2006). "Stamp vignette on medical science. William F. Giauque—Nobel Prize for low-temperature research". Mayo Clin. Proc. Vol. 81, no. 5 (published May 2006). p. 587. doi:10.4065/81.5.587. PMID 16706253.
External links
[edit]- National Academy of Sciences biography
- William Giauque on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on December 12, 1949 Some Consequences of Low Temperature Research in Chemical Thermodynamics
- Contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures at the Wayback Machine (archived March 11, 2007).
- M. A. Shampo; R. A. Kyle; D. P. Steensma (2006). "William F. Giauque—Nobel Prize for Low-Temperature Research". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 81 (5): 587. doi:10.4065/81.5.587. PMID 16706253.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1895 births
- 1982 deaths
- American physical chemists
- American Nobel laureates
- Canadian Nobel laureates
- Nobel laureates in Chemistry
- People from Niagara Falls, Ontario
- University of California, Berkeley alumni
- UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty
- Canadian emigrants to the United States
- Members of the American Philosophical Society
- 20th-century American chemists