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Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/People/Scientists, inventors, and mathematicians

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Level 5 Sublists

Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.

Articles in the Vital list have their assessments labelled as:

  • Featured articles
  • Former featured articles
  • A-class articles
  • Good articles
  • Delisted good articles
  • Failed good article nominees
  • B-class articles
  • C-class articles
  • Start-class articles
  • Stub-class articles
  • List-class articles
  • Unassessed articles

The progress bar is auto-updated via category count, and the symbols and article counts are updated daily by User:cewbot. Please read the FAQ before modifying the article list.

Quota 1,300 articles.

Total 1,276 articles.

Class #Articles
FA 33
GA 57
B 327
C 464
FFA 15
DGA 14
Start 380
Stub 15

Scientists, inventors, and mathematicians

[edit]

This section contains 1276 articles.

Pre-modern figures

[edit]

This section contains 82 articles.

Ancient

[edit]

This section contains 42 articles.

Post-classical

[edit]

This section contains 40 articles.

Physics

[edit]

This section contains 274 articles.

Early modern

[edit]

This section contains 19 articles.

England

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. John Theophilus Desaguliers
  2. William Gilbert (physicist) (Level 4)
  3. Stephen Gray (scientist)
  4. Robert Hooke (Level 4)
  5. Isaac Newton (Level 3)
  6. Henry Cavendish (Level 4)

France

[edit]

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Émilie du Châtelet
  2. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
  3. Léon Foucault (Level 4)
  4. Augustin-Jean Fresnel (Level 4)
  5. Claude-Louis Navier

German lands and Poland

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
  2. Otto von Guericke
  3. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
  4. Ernst Chladni

Italy

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Evangelista Torricelli
  2. Laura Bassi

Netherlands

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Christiaan Huygens (Level 4)

Russia

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Mikhail Lomonosov (Level 4)

Modern

[edit]

This section contains 38 articles.

Contemporary

[edit]

This section contains 217 articles.

China and Taiwan

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. Charles K. Kao (Level 4)
  2. Tsung-Dao Lee (Level 4)
  3. Samuel C. C. Ting
  4. Daniel C. Tsui
  5. Chien-Shiung Wu
  6. Yang Chen-Ning

India

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Jagadish Chandra Bose
  2. Satyendra Nath Bose
  3. G. N. Ramachandran
  4. C. V. Raman (Level 4)

Japan

[edit]

This section contains 8 articles.

  1. Leo Esaki
  2. Takaaki Kajita
  3. Makoto Kobayashi
  4. Masatoshi Koshiba
  5. Toshihide Maskawa
  6. Yoichiro Nambu
  7. Shin'ichirō Tomonaga
  8. Hideki Yukawa

Pakistan

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Abdul Qadeer Khan
  2. Abdus Salam

Canada

[edit]

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Willard Boyle
  2. Bertram Brockhouse
  3. Arthur B. McDonald
  4. Donna Strickland
  5. Richard E. Taylor

United States of America

[edit]

This section contains 71 articles.

  1. Luis Walter Alvarez
  2. Carl David Anderson
  3. Philip W. Anderson
  4. Arthur Ashkin
  5. Barry Barish
  6. Nicolaas Bloembergen
  7. Walter Houser Brattain
  8. Percy Williams Bridgman
  9. Owen Chamberlain
  10. Steven Chu
  11. Arthur Compton
  12. Leon Cooper
  13. Eric Allin Cornell
  14. James Cronin
  15. Raymond Davis Jr.
  16. Clinton Davisson
  17. Hugh Everett III
  18. Richard Feynman (Level 4)
  19. Val Logsdon Fitch
  20. William Alfred Fowler
  21. Jerome Isaac Friedman
  22. Murray Gell-Mann (Level 4)
  23. Sheldon Glashow
  24. Roy J. Glauber
  25. John B. Goodenough
  26. Louis Harold Gray
  27. David Gross
  28. John L. Hall
  29. Robert Hofstadter
  30. Russell Alan Hulse
  31. Michio Kaku
  32. Henry Way Kendall
  33. Lawrence Krauss
  34. Polykarp Kusch
  35. Willis Lamb
  36. Robert B. Laughlin
  37. Ernest Lawrence (Level 4)
  38. Leon M. Lederman
  39. David Lee (physicist)
  40. John C. Mather
  41. Robert Andrews Millikan (Level 4)
  42. Ben Roy Mottelson
  43. J. Robert Oppenheimer (Level 4)
  44. Douglas Osheroff
  45. Arno Allan Penzias
  46. Martin Lewis Perl
  47. William Daniel Phillips
  48. Hugh David Politzer
  49. Isidor Isaac Rabi
  50. James Rainwater
  51. Norman Ramsey Jr.
  52. Frederick Reines
  53. Robert Coleman Richardson
  54. Burton Richter
  55. Arthur Leonard Schawlow
  56. John Robert Schrieffer
  57. Melvin Schwartz
  58. Julian Schwinger
  59. Clifford Shull
  60. George E. Smith
  61. George Smoot
  62. Kip Thorne
  63. Charles H. Townes
  64. John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
  65. Steven Weinberg
  66. Rainer Weiss
  67. Carl Wieman
  68. Frank Wilczek
  69. Kenneth G. Wilson
  70. David J. Wineland
  71. Edward Witten

France and Belgium

[edit]

This section contains 15 articles.

  1. Henri Becquerel (Level 4)
  2. Louis de Broglie
  3. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
  4. Georges Charpak
  5. Marie Curie (Level 3)
  6. Pierre Curie (Level 4)
  7. François Englert
  8. Albert Fert
  9. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
  10. Serge Haroche
  11. Alfred Kastler
  12. Gérard Mourou
  13. Louis Néel
  14. Marguerite Perey
  15. Jean Baptiste Perrin

Germany, Austria and Switzerland

[edit]

This section contains 42 articles.

  1. Georg Bednorz
  2. Hans Bethe (Level 4)
  3. Gerd Binnig
  4. Felix Bloch
  5. Max Born (Level 4)
  6. Walther Bothe
  7. Hans Georg Dehmelt
  8. Paul Ehrenfest
  9. Albert Einstein (Level 3)
  10. Hans Geiger
  11. Peter Grünberg
  12. Charles Édouard Guillaume
  13. James Franck
  14. Theodor W. Hänsch
  15. Werner Heisenberg (Level 4)
  16. Gustav Ludwig Hertz
  17. Victor Francis Hess
  18. J. Hans D. Jensen
  19. Pascual Jordan
  20. Wolfgang Ketterle
  21. Klaus von Klitzing
  22. Herbert Kroemer
  23. Max von Laue
  24. Heinrich Mache
  25. Maria Goeppert Mayer
  26. Lise Meitner (Level 4)
  27. Rudolf Mössbauer
  28. K. Alex Müller
  29. Wolfgang Paul
  30. Wolfgang Pauli (Level 4)
  31. Max Planck (Level 4)
  32. Heinrich Rohrer
  33. Wilhelm Röntgen (Level 4)
  34. Ernst Ruska
  35. Erwin Schrödinger (Level 4)
  36. Karl Schwarzschild
  37. Arnold Sommerfeld
  38. Johannes Stark
  39. Jack Steinberger
  40. Otto Stern
  41. Horst Ludwig Störmer
  42. Wilhelm Wien

Hungary

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Dennis Gabor
  2. Edward Teller (Level 4)
  3. Eugene Wigner

Italy

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Enrico Fermi (Level 4)
  2. Riccardo Giacconi
  3. Bruno Rossi
  4. Carlo Rubbia

Netherlands

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. Simon van der Meer
  2. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
  3. Gerard 't Hooft
  4. Martinus J. G. Veltman
  5. Pieter Zeeman
  6. Frits Zernike

Russia and Soviet Union

[edit]

This section contains 14 articles.

  1. Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)
  2. Zhores Alferov
  3. Nikolay Basov
  4. Pavel Cherenkov
  5. Ilya Frank
  6. Andre Geim
  7. Vitaly Ginzburg
  8. Pyotr Kapitsa
  9. Lev Landau
  10. Konstantin Novoselov
  11. Aleksandr Popov (physicist)
  12. Alexander Prokhorov
  13. Andrei Sakharov (Level 4)
  14. Igor Tamm

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 7 articles.

  1. Hannes Alfvén
  2. Aage Bohr
  3. Niels Bohr (Level 4)
  4. Ivar Giaever
  5. Rolf Maximilian Sievert
  6. Kai Siegbahn
  7. Manne Siegbahn

Great Britain and Ireland

[edit]

This section contains 26 articles.

  1. Edward Appleton
  2. Charles Glover Barkla
  3. Patrick Blackett
  4. James Chadwick (Level 4)
  5. John Cockcroft
  6. Paul Dirac (Level 4)
  7. Freeman Dyson
  8. Duncan Haldane
  9. Douglas Hartree
  10. Stephen Hawking (Level 4)
  11. Peter Higgs
  12. Brian Josephson
  13. J. Michael Kosterlitz
  14. Anthony James Leggett
  15. Nevill Mott
  16. C. F. Powell
  17. Owen Richardson
  18. John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
  19. G. I. Taylor
  20. George Paget Thomson
  21. J. J. Thomson (Level 4)
  22. David Thouless
  23. John Tyndall
  24. Ernest Walton
  25. C. T. R. Wilson
  26. Thomas Young (scientist) (Level 4)

Australia

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Lawrence Bragg
  2. William Henry Bragg (Level 4)
  3. Mark Oliphant

New Zealand

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Ernest Rutherford (Level 4)

Astronomy

[edit]

This section contains 75 articles.

Early modern

[edit]

This section contains 17 articles.

France

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Charles Messier

German lands and Poland

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. Nicolaus Copernicus (Level 3)
  2. Maria Cunitz
  3. Johannes Hevelius
  4. Johannes Kepler (Level 4)
  5. Maria Margaretha Kirch
  6. Simon Marius

Italy

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Giovanni Domenico Cassini
  2. Galileo Galilei (Level 3)

Ottoman Empire

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Tycho Brahe (Level 4)
  2. Anders Celsius

United Kingdom

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. John Flamsteed
  2. Edmond Halley (Level 4)
  3. Caroline Herschel (Level 4)
  4. William Herschel (Level 4)

United States of America

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Benjamin Banneker

Modern

[edit]

This section contains 58 articles.

China

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Zhang Yuzhe

France and Belgium

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Urbain Le Verrier
  2. Georges Lemaître (Level 4)

Germany and Switzerland

[edit]

This section contains 8 articles.

  1. Walter Baade
  2. Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
  3. Johann Gottfried Galle
  4. Reinhard Genzel
  5. Michel Mayor
  6. Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers
  7. Didier Queloz
  8. Fritz Zwicky

India

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Netherlands

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Gerard Kuiper
  2. Jan Oort
  3. Anton Pannekoek

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Ejnar Hertzsprung

Great Britain and Ireland

[edit]

This section contains 10 articles.

  1. Jocelyn Bell Burnell
  2. Margaret Burbidge
  3. Arthur Eddington
  4. Williamina Fleming
  5. Antony Hewish
  6. Fred Hoyle
  7. Margaret Lindsay Huggins
  8. William Huggins
  9. Annie S. D. Maunder
  10. Martin Ryle

United States of America

[edit]

This section contains 32 articles.

  1. Michael E. Brown
  2. Annie Jump Cannon
  3. Sandra Faber
  4. Andrea M. Ghez
  5. George Ellery Hale
  6. Edwin Hubble (Level 4)
  7. Karl Guthe Jansky
  8. Katherine Johnson
  9. Dorothea Klumpke
  10. Samuel Langley
  11. Henrietta Swan Leavitt
  12. Maria Mitchell
  13. Margaretta Palmer
  14. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
  15. Jim Peebles
  16. Saul Perlmutter
  17. Adam Riess
  18. Nancy Roman
  19. Vera Rubin
  20. Henry Norris Russell
  21. Carl Sagan (Level 4)
  22. Edwin E. Salpeter
  23. Allan Sandage
  24. Brian Schmidt
  25. Vesto Slipher
  26. Mary Somerville
  27. Lyman Spitzer
  28. Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.
  29. Clyde Tombaugh
  30. Neil deGrasse Tyson
  31. Mary Watson Whitney
  32. Robert Woodrow Wilson

Chemistry

[edit]

This section contains 94 articles.

Early modern

[edit]

This section contains 10 articles.

France

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Claude Louis Berthollet
  2. Antoine Lavoisier (Level 3)

German lands

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Low Countries

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Jan Baptist van Helmont

Great Britain and Ireland

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Joseph Black
  2. Robert Boyle (Level 4)
  3. Joseph Priestley (Level 4)

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Eastern Europe

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Roger Joseph Boscovich
  2. Michael Sendivogius

Modern

[edit]

This section contains 84 articles.

Africa

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Ahmed Zewail

Latin America

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Luis Federico Leloir
  2. George Rosenkranz

United States of America and Canada

[edit]

This section contains 26 articles.

  1. Paul Anastas
  2. Frances Arnold
  3. Carolyn Bertozzi
  4. Caleb Bradham
  5. Jennifer Doudna
  6. Paul Flory
  7. Alexander Gettler
  8. Josiah Willard Gibbs (Level 4)
  9. Percy Lavon Julian
  10. Irving Langmuir (Level 4)
  11. Gilbert N. Lewis (Level 4)
  12. Eli Lilly
  13. Edwin McMillan
  14. Maud Menten
  15. Thomas Midgley Jr.
  16. Robert S. Mulliken
  17. Linus Pauling (Level 4)
  18. John Stith Pemberton
  19. Merle Randall
  20. Ellen Swallow Richards
  21. Glenn T. Seaborg
  22. Alexander Shulgin
  23. Benjamin Silliman
  24. Henry Taube
  25. Harold Urey (Level 4)
  26. Robert Burns Woodward (Level 4)

Éastern Asia

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Tu Youyou
  2. Akira Yoshino

Israel

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Ada Yonath

France

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (Level 4)
  2. Irène Joliot-Curie
  3. Jean-Marie Lehn
  4. Angelo Mariani (chemist)
  5. Henri Moissan
  6. François-Marie Raoult

Germany, Austria and Switzerland

[edit]

This section contains 15 articles.

  1. Adolf von Baeyer
  2. Carl Bosch
  3. Robert Bunsen
  4. Gerty Cori
  5. Emil Fischer
  6. Ernst Otto Fischer
  7. Fritz Haber (Level 4)
  8. Otto Hahn (Level 4)
  9. Albert Hofmann
  10. August Kekulé
  11. Justus von Liebig (Level 4)
  12. Walther Nernst
  13. Hermann Staudinger
  14. Carl Wagner
  15. Friedrich Wöhler (Level 4)

Italy

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Maria Bakunin

Netherlands and Belgium

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Peter Debye (Level 4)
  2. Ilya Prigogine
  3. Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (Level 4)

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Svante Arrhenius (Level 4)
  2. Jöns Jacob Berzelius (Level 4)
  3. Per Teodor Cleve
  4. Carl Gustaf Mosander
  5. Arne Tiselius

Spain

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Mathieu Orfila

Great Britain and Ireland

[edit]

This section contains 15 articles.

  1. Ernst Chain
  2. William Crookes
  3. John Dalton (Level 4)
  4. Humphry Davy (Level 4)
  5. Edward A. Guggenheim
  6. Dorothy Hodgkin (Level 4)
  7. Aaron Klug
  8. Kathleen Lonsdale
  9. John Polanyi
  10. William Ramsay
  11. Frederick Sanger (Level 4)
  12. Frederick Soddy
  13. M. Stanley Whittingham
  14. Geoffrey Wilkinson
  15. William Hyde Wollaston

Eastern Europe

[edit]

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Germain Henri Hess
  2. Jaroslav Heyrovský
  3. Dmitri Mendeleev (Level 3)
  4. Wilhelm Ostwald
  5. Elizabeth Rona

Australia

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Cyril Callister

Biology

[edit]

This section contains 127 articles.

Early modern

[edit]

This section contains 23 articles.

France

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
  2. Carl Chun
  3. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Level 4)
  4. René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur

German lands

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
  2. Conrad Gessner
  3. Albrecht von Haller
  4. Maria Sibylla Merian
  5. Peter Simon Pallas
  6. Georg Wilhelm Steller

Italy

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Francesco Redi
  2. Lazzaro Spallanzani

Netherlands

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Level 4)
  2. Jan Swammerdam

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Erik Acharius
  2. Peter Artedi
  3. Johan Christian Fabricius
  4. Carl Linnaeus (Level 3)

Great Britain

[edit]

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Joseph Banks (Level 4)
  2. Philip Henry Gosse
  3. Stephen Hales
  4. William Kirby (entomologist)
  5. John Ray

Modern

[edit]

This section contains 104 articles.

North America

[edit]

This section contains 32 articles.

  1. Louis Agassiz (Level 4)
  2. Carl Akeley
  3. Johnny Appleseed
  4. John James Audubon (Level 4)
  5. James Bond (ornithologist)
  6. Norman Borlaug (Level 4)
  7. Linda B. Buck
  8. Luther Burbank
  9. Rachel Carson (Level 4)
  10. George Washington Carver (Level 4)
  11. Edward Drinker Cope (Level 4)
  12. Sylvia Earle
  13. Paul R. Ehrlich
  14. Dian Fossey
  15. Birutė Galdikas
  16. Stephen Jay Gould (Level 4)
  17. Temple Grandin
  18. Carol W. Greider
  19. Robin Wall Kimmerer
  20. Lynn Margulis
  21. Othniel Charles Marsh
  22. Barbara McClintock (Level 4)
  23. Thomas Hunt Morgan
  24. Newton Morton
  25. Hermann Joseph Muller
  26. Nettie Stevens
  27. Robert Trivers
  28. Craig Venter
  29. James Watson (Level 4)
  30. Robert Whittaker (ecologist)
  31. E. O. Wilson
  32. Carl Woese

Japan

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Motoo Kimura
  2. Hideyo Noguchi

Western Asia

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Aziz Sancar

France

[edit]

This section contains 6 articles.

  1. Aimé Bonpland
  2. Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
  3. Emmanuelle Charpentier
  4. Georges Cuvier (Level 4)
  5. Leland H. Hartwell
  6. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

Germany, Austria and Switzerland

[edit]

This section contains 19 articles.

  1. Carl Chun
  2. Carolus Clusius
  3. Ferdinand Cohn
  4. Karl von Frisch
  5. Albert Günther
  6. Ernst Haeckel (Level 4)
  7. Johann Jakob Heckel
  8. Hans Krebs (biochemist) (Level 4)
  9. Rudolf Leuckart
  10. Konrad Lorenz (Level 4)
  11. Ernst Mayr
  12. Gregor Mendel (Level 4)
  13. Carl Nägeli
  14. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
  15. Lorenz Oken
  16. Theodor Schwann
  17. Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus
  18. Ludolph Christian Treviranus
  19. August Weismann

Great Britain

[edit]

This section contains 24 articles.

  1. William Bateson
  2. Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
  3. Thomas Cavalier-Smith
  4. Francis Crick (Level 4)
  5. Charles Darwin (Level 3)
  6. Richard Dawkins
  7. Rosalind Franklin (Level 4)
  8. Jane Goodall (Level 4)
  9. Aubrey de Grey
  10. J. B. S. Haldane
  11. W. D. Hamilton (Level 4)
  12. John Hancock (ornithologist)
  13. Joseph Dalton Hooker (Level 4)
  14. Tim Hunt
  15. G. Evelyn Hutchinson
  16. Thomas Henry Huxley (Level 4)
  17. James Lovelock
  18. Paul Nurse
  19. Richard Owen
  20. Joan Beauchamp Procter
  21. D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
  22. Alfred Russel Wallace (Level 4)
  23. Ian Wilmut
  24. Arthur Smith Woodward

Italy

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Rita Levi-Montalcini

Netherlands and Belgium

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Martinus Beijerinck
  2. George Albert Boulenger
  3. Nikolaas Tinbergen
  4. Hugo de Vries

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. May-Britt Moser
  2. Eugenius Warming (Level 4)

Spain

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Level 4)

Eastern Europe

[edit]

This section contains 7 articles.

  1. Karl Ernst von Baer
  2. Theodosius Dobzhansky
  3. Dmitri Ivanovsky
  4. Katalin Karikó
  5. Jan Evangelista Purkyně
  6. Armen Takhtajan
  7. Nikolai Vavilov

Australia

[edit]

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Elizabeth Blackburn
  2. William Farrer
  3. David Goodall (botanist)
  4. Gerard Krefft
  5. Bill Mollison

Medicine

[edit]

This section contains 130 articles.

  1. Edward Angle
  2. Hans Asperger
  3. Frederick Banting
  4. Christiaan Barnard
  5. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
  6. Emil von Behring
  7. Charles Bell
  8. Claude Bernard (Level 4)
  9. Greene Vardiman Black
  10. Emil du Bois-Reymond
  11. Louise Boursier
  12. James Braid (surgeon)
  13. Christian Wilhelm Braune
  14. T. Berry Brazelton
  15. Macfarlane Burnet
  16. Alexis Carrel
  17. Ben Carson
  18. Victor Chang
  19. Jean-Martin Charcot
  20. Guy de Chauliac
  21. Francis Collins
  22. Harvey Cushing
  23. Marguerite Davis
  24. Michael DeBakey
  25. Dorothea Dix
  26. Richard Doll
  27. Gerhard Domagk
  28. Charles R. Drew
  29. Paul Ehrlich
  30. Gertrude B. Elion
  31. Caldwell Esselstyn
  32. Hieronymus Fabricius
  33. Gabriele Falloppio
  34. Pierre Fauchard
  35. Anthony Fauci
  36. Alexander Fleming (Level 4)
  37. Howard Florey
  38. Robert Gallo
  39. Luigi Galvani (Level 4)
  40. Harold Gillies
  41. Niall Ó Glacáin
  42. Frank Gotch (physician)
  43. Albrecht von Graefe (ophthalmologist)
  44. John Scott Haldane
  45. William Stewart Halsted
  46. Alice Hamilton
  47. Hanaoka Seishū
  48. Harald zur Hausen
  49. William Harvey (Level 4)
  50. He Jiankui
  51. Félix d'Hérelle
  52. Austin Bradford Hill
  53. Maurice Hilleman
  54. Takeshi Hirayama
  55. Fred Hollows
  56. John Hunter (surgeon)
  57. Charles Thomas Jackson
  58. Edward Jenner (Level 4)
  59. Robert A. Kehoe
  60. Howard Atwood Kelly
  61. Elizabeth Kenny
  62. Ancel Keys
  63. Kitasato Shibasaburō
  64. Robert Knox (surgeon)
  65. Robert Koch (Level 4)
  66. C. Everett Koop
  67. René Laennec
  68. Michael M. C. Lai
  69. Philip J. Landrigan
  70. Karl Landsteiner
  71. Jérôme Lejeune
  72. Li Shizhen (Level 4)
  73. Li Wenliang
  74. James Lind
  75. Joseph Lister (Level 4)
  76. Crawford Long
  77. Robert Lustig
  78. John Macleod (physiologist)
  79. Marcello Malpighi
  80. Barry Marshall
  81. Elmer McCollum
  82. Ephraim McDowell
  83. Victor A. McKusick
  84. Élie Metchnikoff
  85. António Egas Moniz
  86. Luc Montagnier
  87. William T. G. Morton
  88. Denis Mukwege
  89. Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
  90. Herbert Needleman
  91. Florence Nightingale (Level 3)
  92. Thomas Noguchi
  93. Bennet Omalu
  94. William Osler
  95. Frank Pantridge
  96. Paracelsus (Level 4)
  97. Ambroise Paré
  98. Louis Pasteur (Level 3)
  99. Bernard Peyrilhe
  100. Peter Piot
  101. Bernardino Ramazzini
  102. Ian Clunies Ross
  103. Florence R. Sabin
  104. Ernest Sachs
  105. Oliver Sacks
  106. Peter Safar
  107. Jonas Salk (Level 4)
  108. Mary Seacole
  109. Ignaz Semmelweis (Level 4)
  110. Michael Servetus
  111. J. Marion Sims
  112. John Snow
  113. Benjamin Spock
  114. Thomas Starzl
  115. Alice Stewart
  116. Edith Anne Stoney
  117. Hubertus Strughold
  118. Thomas Sydenham
  119. Max Theiler
  120. Hugh Owen Thomas
  121. George Tiller
  122. Andreas Vesalius (Level 4)
  123. Otto Heinrich Warburg
  124. William H. Welch
  125. Alexander S. Wiener
  126. Ole Worm
  127. Wu Lien-teh
  128. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
  129. Alexandre Yersin
  130. John Yudkin

Earth science and physical geography

[edit]

This section contains 48 articles.

Early modern

[edit]

This section contains 9 articles.

France

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Nicolas Desmarest
  2. Jean-Étienne Guettard
  3. Horace Bénédict de Saussure

German lands

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Georgius Agricola
  2. Alexander von Humboldt (Level 4)
  3. Abraham Gottlob Werner

Great Britain and Ireland

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. James Hutton (Level 4)
  2. William Smith (geologist)

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. Nicolas Steno

Modern

[edit]

This section contains 39 articles.

North America

[edit]

This section contains 15 articles.

  1. Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
  2. William Morris Davis
  3. Maurice Ewing
  4. James Hansen
  5. Katharine Hayhoe
  6. David A. Johnston
  7. Charles David Keeling
  8. William Maclure
  9. Michael E. Mann
  10. Matthew Fontaine Maury
  11. Clair Patterson
  12. Charles Richter
  13. Marie Tharp (Level 4)
  14. Don Walsh
  15. John Tuzo Wilson

France

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Alexandre Brongniart
  2. Jacques Cousteau (Level 4)
  3. Katia and Maurice Krafft
  4. Édouard-Alfred Martel

Germany and Switzerland

[edit]

This section contains 4 articles.

  1. Eilhard Mitscherlich
  2. Friedrich Mohs
  3. Jacques Piccard
  4. Alfred Wegener (Level 4)

Netherlands

[edit]

This section contains 1 article.

  1. C. H. D. Buys Ballot

Great Britain and Ireland

[edit]

This section contains 7 articles.

  1. Mary Anning
  2. Francis Beaufort
  3. Robert FitzRoy
  4. Archibald Geikie
  5. Charles Lyell (Level 4)
  6. Roderick Murchison
  7. Adam Sedgwick

Scandinavia

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Vilhelm Bjerknes
  2. Victor Goldschmidt
  3. Inge Lehmann

Eastern Europe

[edit]

This section contains 2 articles.

  1. Milutin Milanković
  2. Andrija Mohorovičić

Russia

[edit]

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Mikhail Budyko
  2. Wladimir Köppen
  3. Vladimir Vernadsky

Inventors and engineers

[edit]

This section contains 189 articles.

  1. Clément Ader
  2. Isamu Akasaki
  3. Hiroshi Amano
  4. Anousheh Ansari
  5. Ottomar Anschütz
  6. George Antheil
  7. Frederick Scott Archer
  8. Richard Arkwright
  9. Nicolas Appert
  10. Leo Baekeland (Level 4)
  11. John Logie Baird (Level 4)
  12. John Bardeen (Level 4)
  13. Joseph Bazalgette
  14. Alexander Graham Bell (Level 4)
  15. Carl Benz (Level 4)
  16. Emile Berliner (Level 4)
  17. Henry Bessemer
  18. Roger Béteille
  19. Bi Sheng
  20. László Bíró
  21. Jean-Pierre Blanchard
  22. Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard
  23. Hendrik Wade Bode
  24. Hubert Cecil Booth
  25. Wernher von Braun (Level 4)
  26. Ross Brawn
  27. John Browning
  28. Isambard Kingdom Brunel (Level 4)
  29. Vannevar Bush
  30. George Cayley
  31. Octave Chanute
  32. André Citroën
  33. Josephine Cochrane
  34. Paul Cornu
  35. Caresse Crosby
  36. Cai Lun (Level 4)
  37. Wallace Carothers
  38. Willis Carrier
  39. Glenn Curtiss
  40. Louis Daguerre (Level 4)
  41. Gottlieb Daimler
  42. Gustaf Dalén
  43. Jacob W. Davis
  44. John Deere (inventor)
  45. John DeLorean
  46. William Kennedy Dickson
  47. Rudolf Diesel (Level 4)
  48. Karl Drais
  49. Cornelis Drebbel
  50. George Eastman (Level 4)
  51. Doc Edgerton
  52. Thomas Edison (Level 3)
  53. Gustave Eiffel (Level 4)
  54. Eva Ekeblad
  55. Robert Esnault-Pelterie
  56. Philo Farnsworth (Level 4)
  57. George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
  58. Reginald Fessenden
  59. Maurice Fernez
  60. Lee de Forest (Level 4)
  61. Robert Fulton (Level 4)
  62. Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov
  63. George Gallup
  64. Richard Jordan Gatling
  65. Robert H. Goddard (Level 4)
  66. George Washington Goethals
  67. Leslie Groves
  68. Johannes Gutenberg (Level 3)
  69. Hans Hass
  70. Lawrence Hargrave
  71. James Hargreaves
  72. John Harrison
  73. Oliver Heaviside
  74. John Herschel
  75. Bill Hewlett
  76. Rowland Hill
  77. John Philip Holland
  78. Benjamin Holt
  79. August Horch
  80. Godfrey Hounsfield
  81. Elias Howe
  82. Mikhail Kalashnikov
  83. Theodore von Kármán
  84. Joseph Kekuku
  85. Charles F. Kettering
  86. Jack Kilby (Level 4)
  87. Fazlur Rahman Khan
  88. Margaret E. Knight
  89. Vladimir Komarov
  90. Sergei Korolev (Level 4)
  91. Ken Kutaragi
  92. Stephanie Kwolek
  93. Hedy Lamarr
  94. Louis Le Prince
  95. Otto Lilienthal
  96. Allan Lockheed
  97. John J. Loud
  98. Malcolm Lockheed
  99. Ignacy Łukasiewicz
  100. Thomas Harris MacDonald
  101. Nikolay Makarov (firearms designer)
  102. Guglielmo Marconi (Level 4)
  103. Étienne-Jules Marey
  104. Glenn L. Martin
  105. Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
  106. Hiram Maxim
  107. Wilhelm Maybach
  108. Cyrus McCormick (Level 4)
  109. Willy Messerschmitt
  110. Pierre Michaux
  111. Montgolfier brothers (Level 4)
  112. John Joseph Montgomery
  113. Paul Moody (inventor)
  114. Samuel Morse (Level 4)
  115. William Mulholland
  116. Shuji Nakamura
  117. Thomas Newcomen
  118. Nicéphore Niépce (Level 4)
  119. Alfred Nobel (Level 4)
  120. Umberto Nobile
  121. Hermann Oberth
  122. Étienne Oehmichen
  123. Elisha Otis
  124. Nicolaus Otto
  125. Denis Papin
  126. George Safford Parker
  127. Charles Algernon Parsons (Level 4)
  128. Jack Parsons
  129. Percy Pilcher
  130. Ferdinand Porsche
  131. Ludwig Prandtl
  132. Yves Le Prieur
  133. George Pullman
  134. William Rankine
  135. Franz Reichelt
  136. Hanna Reitsch
  137. Sylvester H. Roper
  138. Henry Royce
  139. Alberto Santos-Dumont
  140. Pavel Schilling
  141. Hugo Schmeisser
  142. William Shockley (Level 4)
  143. Vladimir Shukhov
  144. Carl Wilhelm Siemens
  145. Werner von Siemens
  146. Igor Sikorsky
  147. Kia Silverbrook
  148. John Smeaton
  149. Horace Smith (inventor)
  150. Henry Sutton (inventor)
  151. George Stephenson (Level 4)
  152. Eugene Stoner
  153. Kenjiro Takayanagi
  154. Henry Fox Talbot
  155. Tanaka Hisashige
  156. Frederick Winslow Taylor
  157. Thomas Telford
  158. Frederick Terman
  159. Nikola Tesla (Level 3)
  160. John T. Thompson
  161. LaMarcus Adna Thompson
  162. Constance Tipper
  163. Fritz Todt
  164. Fedor Tokarev
  165. Sakichi Toyoda
  166. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
  167. Jethro Tull (agriculturist)
  168. Andrei Tupolev
  169. David Unaipon
  170. Heinrich Vollmer
  171. Alessandro Volta (Level 4)
  172. Felix Wankel
  173. Wang Zhen (inventor)
  174. George Washington (inventor)
  175. James Watt (Level 4)
  176. Daniel B. Wesson
  177. Charles Wheatstone
  178. Eli Whitney (Level 4)
  179. John Wilkinson (industrialist)
  180. Oliver Winchester
  181. Steve Wozniak (Level 4)
  182. Wright brothers (Level 4)
  183. Qian Xuesen
  184. Shunpei Yamazaki
  185. Chuck Yeager
  186. Frank Zamboni
  187. Franky Zapata
  188. Ferdinand von Zeppelin
  189. Nikolay Zhukovsky (scientist)

Mathematicians

[edit]

This section contains 186 articles.

Early modern

[edit]

This section contains 31 articles.

Modern

[edit]

This section contains 155 articles.

  1. Niels Henrik Abel (Level 4)
  2. Grace Alele-Williams
  3. Pavel Alexandrov
  4. Emil Artin
  5. Michael Atiyah
  6. Robert Aumann
  7. Stefan Banach (Level 4)
  8. Thomas Bayes
  9. Richard E. Bellman
  10. Elwyn Berlekamp
  11. Dorothy Lewis Bernstein
  12. Joan Birman
  13. János Bolyai
  14. George Boole (Level 4)
  15. Émile Borel
  16. Nicolas Bourbaki
  17. George E. P. Box
  18. Bodil Branner
  19. L. E. J. Brouwer
  20. Georg Cantor (Level 4)
  21. Constantin Carathéodory
  22. Élie Cartan
  23. Henri Cartan
  24. Mary Cartwright
  25. Augustin-Louis Cauchy (Level 4)
  26. Arthur Cayley (Level 4)
  27. Pafnuty Chebyshev
  28. John Horton Conway
  29. Brian Cox (physicist)
  30. Gertrude Mary Cox
  31. Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter
  32. George Dantzig
  33. Ingrid Daubechies
  34. Richard Dedekind
  35. Girard Desargues
  36. Jean Dieudonné
  37. Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (Level 4)
  38. Ioana Dumitriu
  39. Winifred Edgerton Merrill
  40. Samuel Eilenberg
  41. Gotthold Eisenstein
  42. Arpad Elo
  43. Paul Erdős
  44. Philippa Fawcett
  45. Ronald Fisher (Level 4)
  46. Joseph Fourier (Level 4)
  47. Gottlob Frege (Level 4)
  48. Évariste Galois (Level 4)
  49. Francis Galton (Level 4)
  50. Martin Gardner
  51. Carl Friedrich Gauss (Level 3)
  52. Sophie Germain
  53. Olga Gil Medrano
  54. Gloria Ford Gilmer
  55. Kurt Gödel (Level 3)
  56. Alexander Grothendieck (Level 4)
  57. Mikhael Gromov (mathematician)
  58. Joséphine Guidy Wandja
  59. Richard K. Guy
  60. William Rowan Hamilton (Level 4)
  61. G. H. Hardy
  62. Felix Hausdorff
  63. Euphemia Haynes
  64. Katherine Heinrich
  65. Charles Hermite (Level 4)
  66. David Hilbert (Level 4)
  67. Susan Howson (mathematician)
  68. Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (Level 4)
  69. Camille Jordan
  70. Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler
  71. Gudrun Kalmbach
  72. Leonid Kantorovich
  73. Ina Kersten
  74. Felix Klein
  75. Andrey Kolmogorov (Level 4)
  76. Sofya Kovalevskaya
  77. Cecilia Krieger
  78. Leopold Kronecker
  79. Ernst Kummer
  80. Joseph-Louis Lagrange (Level 4)
  81. Serge Lang
  82. Robert Langlands
  83. Pierre-Simon Laplace (Level 4)
  84. Tullio Levi-Civita
  85. Sophus Lie
  86. Joseph Liouville
  87. John Edensor Littlewood
  88. Nikolai Lobachevsky (Level 4)
  89. Maria Laura Moura Mouzinho Leite Lopes
  90. Edward Norton Lorenz
  91. Aleksandr Lyapunov
  92. Saunders Mac Lane
  93. Benoit Mandelbrot (Level 4)
  94. Alison Miller
  95. Hermann Minkowski
  96. Maryam Mirzakhani
  97. Gösta Mittag-Leffler
  98. August Ferdinand Möbius
  99. Gaspard Monge (Level 4)
  100. Cathleen Synge Morawetz
  101. Augustus De Morgan
  102. John Forbes Nash Jr.
  103. John von Neumann (Level 4)
  104. Emmy Noether (Level 3)
  105. Giuseppe Peano
  106. Karl Pearson (Level 4)
  107. Roger Penrose
  108. Grigori Perelman
  109. Stefanie Petermichl
  110. Louise Petrén-Overton
  111. Henri Poincaré (Level 4)
  112. Siméon Denis Poisson (Level 4)
  113. George Pólya
  114. Cheryl Praeger
  115. Srinivasa Ramanujan (Level 4)
  116. Mina Rees
  117. Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro
  118. Marjorie Rice
  119. Bernhard Riemann (Level 4)
  120. Julia Robinson
  121. Marie-Françoise Roy
  122. Mary Ellen Rudin
  123. Mildred Sanderson
  124. Doris Schattschneider
  125. Arthur Moritz Schoenflies
  126. Charlotte Scott
  127. Corrado Segre
  128. Caroline Series
  129. Claude Shannon (Level 4)
  130. Lloyd Shapley
  131. Radhanath Sikdar
  132. James Joseph Sylvester
  133. Dona Strauss
  134. Daina Taimiņa
  135. Terence Tao
  136. Alfred Tarski (Level 4)
  137. Jean Taylor
  138. Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann
  139. Edward Tufte
  140. Karen Uhlenbeck
  141. Stanisław Ulam
  142. Oswald Veblen
  143. Maryna Viazovska
  144. Claire Voisin
  145. Vito Volterra
  146. Helen M. Walker
  147. Pierre Wantzel
  148. Karl Weierstrass (Level 4)
  149. André Weil
  150. Gladys West
  151. Hermann Weyl (Level 4)
  152. Norbert Wiener
  153. Andrew Wiles
  154. Melanie Wood
  155. Ernst Zermelo

Computer scientists and programmers

[edit]

This section contains 71 articles.