Washington Formation
| Washington Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Permian | |
_2.jpg) Bituminous coal (Washington Coal, Upper Pennsylvanian; Ohio) | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Dunkard Group[1] |
| Sub-units | Upper Washington Jollytown coal |
| Underlies | Greene Formation |
| Overlies | Waynesburg Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | limestone, sandstone, coal |
| Other | shale |
| Location | |
| Region | Ohio and West Virginia |
| Country | United States |
The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation located in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.[1] It dates back to the Lower Permian period, with its base at or near the Permian/Carboniferous boundary.[2][3] The Washington formation and the Dunkard Group as a whole was deposited at a time when the continents were in the process of forming the "Super Continent" Pangaea as well as a gradual drop in sea levels.[4] The result during this period was coals being thinner and impure with high ash content. The limestones found with in the formation are exclusively freshwater deposits.
Various fossils of vertebrates have been recovered from the washington formation, some suggest a sakmarian to artinskian age range (293-283 mya)
Paleofauna [5]
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SYNAPSIDS
Edaphosaurus boanerges
Dimetrodon limbatus
Ophiacodon retroversus
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DIACDECTOMORPHA
Diadectes sp.
______________________
AMPHIBIANS
Eryops megacephalus
Diploceraspis
Zatrachys
Trimerorhacis
Acheloma
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FISHES
Orthacanthus
Xenacanthus
Dipnoa
Paleoniscids
Ectosteorhachis
footprints are also known from the formation [6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
- ^ M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
- ^ Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Template:Https://www.academia.edu/143288150/Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the upper Paleozoic Dunkard Group
- ^ Template:Https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308019752 Pelycosaurian-Grade Amniota Synapsida Footprints from the Lower Permian Dunkard Group of Pennsylvania and West Virginia
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- Permian West Virginia
- Southern United States geologic formation stubs
- West Virginia stubs
- Permian stubs
- Geologic formations of Pennsylvania
- Limestone formations of the United States
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- Shale formations of the United States
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- Permian Ohio
- Geologic formations of Ohio
- Geologic formations of West Virginia