User:Upset New Bird/sandbox/Motion picture content rating system

The content of this document is taken from the Motion picture content rating system. (Based on the revision at 15:34, 22 May 2025 (UTC+9); enhancement in progress)

A motion picture content rating system classifies films based on their suitability for audiences. This classification considers factors like sex, violence, substance abuse, profanity, or other content generally deemed inappropriate for children or adolescents. Most countries have some form of rating system that issues determinations known variously as certifications, classifications, certificates, or ratings. These often include age recommendations, which can be advisory or restrictive, and are frequently applied as an alternative to censorship. In some jurisdictions, movie theaters may even have a legal obligation to enforce restrictive ratings.

In some countries, such as Australia, Canada, and Singapore, an official government body determines these ratings. In others, like Denmark, Japan, and the United States, industry committees handle this with little to no official government status. However, in most countries, films considered morally offensive have been censored, restricted, or banned. Even if a film rating system has no direct legal consequences and a film hasn't been explicitly restricted or banned, there are usually laws prohibiting certain films or forbidding minors from viewing them. The specific factors influencing a rating vary from country to country.

Other elements may or may not influence the classification process. These can include whether the film is set within a non-fictional historical context, whether it glorifies violence or drug use, or whether said violence or drug use is carried out by the protagonist (with whom the viewer should empathize) or by the antagonist. For example, in Germany, films depicting explicit war violence in a real historical context (like the Second World War) are treated more leniently than films with purely fictional settings.

A film may be produced with a particular rating in mind. It may be re-edited if the desired rating isn't achieved, especially to avoid a higher rating than intended. A film may also be re-edited to create a different version for other countries.

Comparison table

A comparison of current film rating systems, showing age on the horizontal axis. Note, however, that the specific criteria used in assigning a classification can vary widely from one country to another. Therefore, the color codes and age ranges are not directly comparable across different countries.

Key:

•  White  – All ages may watch / Aimed at young audiences / Exempt / Not rated / No applicable rating.
•  Yellow  – Parental guidance is suggested for the designated age range.
•  Purple  – Not recommended for a younger audience but not restricted.
•  Red  – Advised that people under the age must not see it without parental guidance.
•  Black  – Advised that people under the age must not see it / Restricted to licensed premises / Banned.

Table guide

Country	Age rating																						Other
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
Example	G (suitable for all ages)													PG-13 (advised for ages 13 and over)					NC-17 (prohibited for under 18s)				Exempt
	PG (parental guidance)												12A (adult supervision mandated for under 12s)		18A (prohibited for under 14s)				18A (adult supervision mandated for under 18s)				Banned
Where the highlighting starts for a particular rating indicates the lower age threshold for which the film is suitable, and any associated restrictions. Some ratings have two components: for example, Canada's 18A rating requires audiences aged between 14 and 18 to be accompanied by an adult in some provinces. In such instances, the rating is represented by two highlights to indicate the two restrictions.

Country	Age rating																						Other
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
Argentina	ATP													13			16		18				N/A
																			C
Australia	G															M			R 18+				Exempt
	PG															MA 15+			X 18+				RC
Austria	Unrestricted						6+		8+		10+		12+		14+		16+						N/A
Bahamas	A															T			B				D
																			C
Barbados	GA													PG-13					R				N/A
	PG																		A
Belgium	AL/TOUS						6			9			12		14		16		18				N/A
Brazil	ER										10		12		14		16						N/A
	L																18		18
Bulgaria	A												C		C+		D+		X				?
	B																D						N/A
Cambodia	G															NC15			R18				N/A
Canada (outside Québec)	G														14A				R				E
																			A
	PG														18A				18A				Prohibited
(Quebec)	G													13+			16+		18+				Exempt
																			18+ (Explicit sexuality)				Refused classification
Chile	TE							TE+7							+14				+18				Educational
																			Excessive violence
																			Pornography
Colombia	T							7					12			15			18				Prohibited
																			X
Cook Islands	G															MA			R18				N/A
	PG
Costa Rica	TP							TP7					TP12			M15			M18				Recommended
													M12
Denmark	A							7															F
								11				11
								15								15
Estonia	PERE						MS-6						MS-12		K-14		K-16		K-18				N/A
	L												K-12
Fiji	G													Y					A				N/A
																			R
Finland	S/T				7			7		12			12	16			16		18				N/A
France	TP												12				16		18				Prohibited
																			X
Germany	FSK 0						FSK 6										FSK 16		FSK 18				Educational
							FSK 12						FSK 12						Unrated
Ghana	U												12			15			18				NS
	PG
Greece	Unrestricted													13				17	18				N/A
Hong Kong	I																		III				Exempt
	IIA
	IIB
Hungary	KN						6						12				16		18				N/A
																			X
Iceland	L						6			9			12		14								N/A
															16		16
															18				18
India	U							UA 7+						UA 13+			UA 16+		A				S
Indonesia	SU													13+				17+				21+	N/A
Iraq	G													PG 13		PG 15			18+				N/A
																15+			18TC
Ireland	N/A				G				PG				12A			15A	16		18				N/A
													12			15
Italy	T						6+				10+		14+		14+		18+		18+				N/A
Jamaica	G													PG-13	T-16		T-16		A-18				N/A
	PG
Japan	G												PG12			R15+			R18+				N/A
Kazakhstan	6-						6+						12+		14+		16+		18+			21+	N/A
Kenya	GE										PG						16		18				Restricted
																							Banned
Kuwait	G												PG-12			PG-15			R-18				N/A
	PG															R-15
Latvia	U							7+					12+				16+		18+				N/A
Lebanon	G													PG13			PG16		18+				N/A
	PG
Lithuania	V							N-7									N-16		N-18				N/A
								N-13						N-13
Malaysia	U												P12	13			16		18				Banned
Maldives	G												12+			15+			18+				PU
	PG																		18+R
Malta	U												12A			15			18				Not fit for exhibition
	PG												12
Mauritius	U												PG			15			18				Rejected
																			18R
Mexico	AA							N/A					B			B-15			C				N/A
	A																		D
Netherlands	AL						6			9			12		14		16						N/A
																	18		18
Country	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	Other
New Zealand	G										M			RP13		R15	RP16		RP18				Exempt
	PG													R13			R16		R18				R
																							Objectionable
Nigeria	G												12A			15			18				RE
	PG												12
Norway	A						6			12			12						18				Not approved
							9			9			15			15
Philippines	G													PG			R-16		R-18				X
														R-13
Portugal	A			M/3			M/6						M/12		M/14		M/16		M/18				N/A
							M/6						M/12		M/14		M/16		M/18
																			M/18-P
Qatar	G													PG-13		PG-15			18+				N/A
	PG															15+
Romania	AG												AP-12			N-15			IM-18				IC
																			IM-18-XXX
Russia	0+						6+						12+				16+		18+				Refused classification
Saudi Arabia	G												PG12			PG15			R18				N/A
	PG															R15
Singapore	G													PG13			NC16		M18			R21	Exempt
	PG																						Refused classification
Slovakia	"Teddy bear's head"												12			15			18				N/A
	U							7
South Africa	A							7–9PG			7–9PG			13			16		18				XX
	PG							N/A			10–12PG			10–12PG					X18
South Korea	전체 (ALL)												12			15				청불 (19)			N/A
																				제한 (Restricted)
Spain	A							7					12				16		18				N/A
																			X
Sweden	Btl							7				15				15							N/A
								11				11
Switzerland	FSK 0				FSK 6		FSK 6				FSK 12		FSK 12		FSK 16		FSK 16		Unrated				N/A
															N/A		FSK 18		FSK 18
Taiwan	0+						6+						6+			15+			18+				N/A
							N/A						12+
Thailand	P													13		15			18		20		Banned
	G
Turkey	General Audience						6A				10A			13A			16+		18+				Educational purposes
							6+				10+			13+									Refused classification
Ukraine	ДА												12				16		18				Denied
	ЗА
United Arab Emirates	G													PG13		PG15			18+			21+	N/A
	PG															15+
United Kingdom	Uc				U				PG				12A			15			18				Exempt
													12						R18				Unsuitable for classification
United States	G													PG-13				R	NC-17				Not rated
	PG
Venezuela (San Cristóbal and the Baruta municipalities)	AA												B				C		D				N/A
	A
(Maracaibo municipality)	N/A		A												B				C
Vietnam	P													K			T16		T18				C
														T13
Country	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	Other

Argentina

The National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts (INCAA), through its Advisory Commission of Cinematographic Exhibition (Comisión Asesora de Exhibición Cinematográfica), assigns ratings to films based on the following categories:

Categories of the Argentinian classification system

• ATP: Suitable for all audiences.
• 13: Suitable for ages 13 and over. Children under 13 may be admitted if accompanied by an adult.
• 16: Suitable for ages 16 and over.
• 18: Suitable for ages 18 and over.
• C: Suitable for ages 18 and over. Restricted to specially licensed venues.

Australia

Main article: Australian Classification Board

The Classification Board and Classification Review Board are government-funded organizations responsible for classifying all films released for public exhibition.

The Australian classifications

• Advisory categories
  • Check the Classification (CTC) - Message for unclassified films and computer games. This indicates that a film or computer game has been assessed and approved for advertising. You should check the classification closer to the release date. Advertising for unclassified content must display the CTC message, including posters, trailers, internet posts, and any other advertising type. Once the content is classified, the classification marking should replace the CTC marking on all advertising material.
  • General (G) – General. The content has a very mild impact and is suitable for everyone.
  • Parental Guidance (PG) – Parental guidance recommended. The content has a mild impact. It is not recommended for persons under 15 to view or play without guidance from parents or guardians.
  • Mature (M) – Recommended for mature audiences. The content has a moderate impact. While children under 15 can legally access this material as it's an advisory category, M-classified films and computer games may contain classifiable elements such as violence and nudity of moderate impact that are not recommended for this age group.
• Restricted categories
  • Mature Accompanied (MA 15+) – Not suitable for people under 15. Under 15s must be accompanied by a parent or adult guardian. The content has a strong impact.
  • Restricted (R 18+) – Restricted to 18 years and over. The content has a high impact. Despite this category being legally restricted, in Queensland, this restriction does not apply to persons under 2.
• Adult film categories
  • Restricted (X 18+) – Restricted to 18 years and over. This is a special, legally restricted category that exclusively contains sexually explicit content. This includes material depicting actual sexual intercourse and other sexual activity between consenting adults. X 18+ films are only available for sale or rent in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.
  • Refused Classification (RC) – Refused Classification. This means the content is banned from sale or rental in the country and cannot be legally imported. Films are rated RC if their content has a very high impact and exceeds classification guidelines.

Films intended for informational, educational, or instructional purposes, or those concerned with sport, religion, or music, are exempt from classification, provided they do not contain material that would result in an "M" rating or higher if submitted for classification.

Austria

In Austria, the Austrian Board of Media Classification (ABMC) rates motion pictures for the Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture (Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur). The ABMC's recommendations are generally not legally binding, and there are nine different sets of state laws governing the cinema sector, each with varying age provisions. The only exception is for "16" rated films, as Austrian law imposes legal age restrictions on certain types of content, such as discrimination, sexual abuse, and the glorification of violence. Additionally, in the state of Vienna, children under the age of 6 are only permitted to attend public film screenings if accompanied by an adult. The ABMC issues age recommendations from the following categories:

• Unrestricted – Released for all age groups.
• 6+ – Released for children aged 6 and above.
• 8+ - Released for children aged 8 and above.
• 10+ – Released for children aged 10 and above.
• 12+ – Released for children aged 12 and above.
• 14+ – Released for ages 14 and above.
• 16+ – Released for ages 16 and above. This is a restricted classification.

Bahamas

The Bahamas Plays and Films Control Board is responsible for classifying films in the Bahamas. After reviewing a film, the Board assigns a classification based on the following ratings:

• A - Suitable for all ages.
• B - Suitable for adults; individuals under 18 must be accompanied by a parent or responsible adult.
• T - Suitable for ages 15 and over; persons under 15 are not admitted, regardless of whether they are accompanied by an adult.
• C - Suitable for adults only; individuals under 18 are not admitted, regardless of whether they are accompanied by an adult.
• D - Unsuitable for public viewing.

Barbados

In Barbados, the Film Censorship Board (FCB) classifies films as follows:

• GA – General Audience; Suitable for all ages.
• PG – Parental Guidance.
• PG13 – Parental Guidance 13; suitable for 13 years and older.
• R – Suitable for 18 years and older.
• A – Adult Only; No one under 18 admitted.

Belgium

On January 8, 2020, Belgium adopted the Dutch Kijkwijzer classification system. Before this, Belgium used a basic two-tier system, which had been in place since September 1, 1920. Until January 2020, the Inter-Community Commission for Film Rating (Dutch: Intergemeenschapscommissie voor de Filmkeuring; French: Commission Intercommunautaire de Contrôle des Films) was responsible for classifying films publicly exhibited in Belgium. Films were prohibited to minors under the age of 16 unless approved by this commission. While there was no mandatory rating system for video formats, 90% of video distribution adhered to the voluntary Belgium Video Federation's system. This system was largely similar to the theatrical exhibition system but also included a "12" rating.

Under the current Kijkwijzer system, the distributor completes a questionnaire about the film's content, and an age category is automatically assigned. This new system is entirely advisory and carries no mandatory restrictions. In the French and German-speaking communities, this system is known as Cinecheck.

The rating labels and content descriptors used in Belgium for feature films

The age categories are as follows:

• AL/TOUS: All ages.
• 6: For ages 6 and up.
• 9: For ages 9 and up.
• 12: For ages 12 and up.
• 14: For ages 14 and up.
• 16: For ages 16 and up.
• 18: For ages 18 and up.

Brazil

Main article: Brazilian advisory rating system

In Brazil, all films publicly exhibited or released on home video must be submitted for classification to the advisory rating (Classificação Indicativa, abbreviated ClassInd) system. This system is managed by the Brazilian Ministry of Justice (Ministério da Justiça).

Children under 10 must always be accompanied by an adult guardian, even for films rated L. Anyone below a film's minimum age can watch it if accompanied or permitted by a parent or guardian who is at least 18 years old, except for films rated 18, which can only be allowed for teenagers aged 16 and over. Unlike many countries, ClassInd does not have the legal authority to ban films, demand cuts, or refuse to rate them.

Film classification symbols used in Brazil

The ClassInd system uses the following categories:

• ER: Especialmente recomendado para crianças (Especially recommended for children)
• L: Livre (General Audiences)
• 10: Não recomendado para menores de 10 anos (Not recommended for those under 10)
• 12: Não recomendado para menores de 12 anos (Not recommended for those under 12)
• 14: Não recomendado para menores de 14 anos (Not recommended for those under 14)
• 16: Não recomendado para menores de 16 anos (Not recommended for those under 16)
• 18: Não recomendado para menores de 18 anos (Not recommended for those under 18)

There are also operational descriptions of elements that can either mitigate or aggravate the final rating.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria's film rating system is established by the Film Industry Act of 2003 and overseen by the National Film Rating Committee. Since then, two more restrictive ratings, C+ and D+, have been added to the system:

• A – Recommended for children.
• B – No age restrictions.
• C – Not recommended for children under 12. Persons under 12 are not admitted unless accompanied by an adult.
• C+ – Not recommended for children under 14. Persons under 14 are not admitted unless accompanied by an adult.
• D+ – Not recommended for children under 16. Persons under 16 are not admitted unless accompanied by an adult.
• D – Prohibited for persons under 16.
• X – Prohibited for persons under 18, and applies only to licensed venues.

Cambodia

In Cambodia, the Department of Movies and Promotion of Culture, under the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MCFA), classifies films for exhibition in cinemas and on home media using the following age categories:

• G – General audience.
• NC15 – Permitted for individuals aged 15 and over.
• R18 – Permitted for individuals aged 18 and over (only allowed to be shown in cinemas).

Canada

Main articles: Canadian motion picture rating system and Canadian Home Video Rating System

In Canada, film ratings are a provincial responsibility, meaning each province has its own laws and regulations concerning film classification, exhibition, and admission. While theatrical releases always require ratings, not all provinces mandate classification for home video. Historically, there was a wide array of rating categories and practices across the provinces. However, with the exception of Quebec, all seven rating systems now use categories and logos derived from the Canadian Home Video Rating System (CHVRS).

Classifications Used Outside Quebec

Canadian cinema ratings used outside Quebec

Canadian home video ratings used outside Quebec.

These categories are mostly identical to the CHVRS, with a few minor variations. In provinces that require video format classification, the sale or rental of 14A and 18A films is restricted to customers above those ages. For theatrical exhibition, children can be admitted to 14A films if accompanied by an adult. In British Columbia, Saskatchewan (administered by the British Columbia Film Classification Office), Alberta, and Ontario, children are also admitted to 18A films if accompanied. However, in Manitoba and the Maritime provinces, children under 14 are prohibited from viewing 18A films even with an adult present. The Maritimes and British Columbia (along with Saskatchewan) also have an "A" classification for adult content. Some provinces, like Nova Scotia, reserve the right to ban films entirely.

Generally, the categories are:

• G – Suitable for all ages.
• PG – Parental guidance advised.
  • Not Recommended For Young Children – The film may be inappropriate for children aged 8 and under.
• 14A – Suitable for individuals aged 14 or older. Those under 14 should view with an adult. Rental or purchase by those under 14 is prohibited. Parents are cautioned. (Formerly "Adult Accompaniment (14)" in the Maritimes)
  • Not Recommended For Children – This applies to persons aged 13 and under. Films with this advisory may include scenes with more mature situations, such as drug use or abuse.
• 18A – Suitable for individuals aged 18 or older. Those under 18 should view with an adult. Additionally, some provinces have a mandatory age restriction of 14 years. Rental or purchase by those under 18 is prohibited. Parents are strongly cautioned.
• R – Restricted to 18 years and over. No rental or purchase by those under 18. Content is not suitable for minors.
• A – Adult. Film is not suitable for viewers under 18 years of age. (Formerly "Explicit Material (XXX)" in the Maritimes)
• E – Exempt.

Classifications Used in Quebec

Further information: Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec) and Régie du cinéma (Quebec)

The ratings used in Quebec

In Quebec, the provincial Ministry of Culture and Communications (and until 2017, the Régie du cinéma) rates all films and videos. Its authority stems from the Cinema Act (chapter C-18.1). In some instances, the Ministry may refuse to provide a classification, effectively banning the film. Educational and sports films are exempt from classification.

• G: Visa général (General Rating) – May be viewed, rented, or purchased by people of all ages. If a "G" rated film might offend a child under 8, "Not suitable for young children" is added to the classification.
• 13+: 13 ans et plus (13 years and over) – May be viewed, rented, or purchased only by people aged 13 or over. Children under 13 may be admitted only if accompanied by an adult.
• 16+: 16 ans et plus (16 years and over) – May be viewed, rented, or purchased only by people aged 16 or over.
• 18+: 18 ans et plus (18 years and over) – May be viewed, rented, or purchased only by people aged 18 or over. If a film contains real and explicit sexual activity, "Explicit sexuality" is added to the classification, and video store owners must place the film in a room reserved for adults.

Chile

In Chile, films are classified by the Council of Cinematographic Classification (Consejo de Calificación Cinematográfica), a central agency operating under the Ministry of Education. In 2002, legislation was enacted that reversed the ban on all 1,090 films previously prohibited in Chile.

The current age ratings, enacted in 2002, are:

• Todo Espectador – All Spectators.
  • Inconveniente para menores de 7 años – Not recommended for children younger than 7 years of age. (Only applied to TE-rated films)
• Mayores de 14 años – 14 years old and over.
• Mayores de 18 años – 18 years old and over.
  • Contenido pornográfico – Pornographic content.
  • Contenido excesivamente violento – Excessively violent content.
• Contenido educativo – Educational content.

Minors are permitted to watch films rated in an immediately higher category than their age if accompanied by a parent, guardian, or teacher (within the scope of educational activities). This rule does not apply to films with pornographic or excessively violent content. Furthermore, films with pornographic content can only be exhibited at venues specifically licensed for that purpose.

Colombia

In 2005, the Ministry of Culture introduced its new rating system. The classifications are:

• T: For general audiences.
• 7: Advisory.
• 12: Advisory.
• 15: Restricted.
• 18: Restricted.
• X: Pornographic content.
• Prohibited: Contains elements that incite or advocate crime.

Cook Islands

In the Cook Islands, the Cook Islands Censorship Office classifies publications such as films, TV shows, and video games according to the Film and Censorship Act 1985. The following four classifications are used:

• G (general)
• PG (parental guidance)
• MA (mature audiences)
• R18 (restricted to adults)

The Censorship Office doesn't explicitly define the age for an "MA" rating. However, its television code, which uses the same ratings, defines a child as "under 15 years."

Costa Rica

In Costa Rica, films are classified by the Ministry of Justice and Peace:

• TP (Todo Público): All audiences.
• TP7 (Todo público, advertencia personas menores de 7 años acompañadas de una persona adulta): All audiences (parental guidance recommended for children under 7).
• TP12 (Todo público, personas con edad inferior a 12 años, acompañadas de una persona adulta): All audiences (children under 12 must be accompanied by an adult).
• M12 (Mayores de 12 años): 12 years and older.
• M15 (Mayores de 15 años): 15 years and older.
• M18 (Mayores de 18 años): 18 years and older.
• Material Cinematográfico recomendado (Recommended cinematographic material): Films and documentaries that are recommended for their cultural value due to their content and various themes.

Denmark

In Denmark, the Media Council for Children and Young People currently rates films. Films don't have to be submitted for a rating; in such cases, they must be labeled "15" (restricted to people aged 15 and above). Children aged 7 and above may attend any performance—including those restricted to older audiences—if accompanied by an adult.

The Danish ratings

• A – Suitable for a general audience.
• 7 – Not recommended for children under 7.
• 11 – For ages 11 and up.
• 15 – For ages 15 and up.
• F – Exempt from classification.

Estonia

Film classification in Estonia is governed by the Child Welfare Act. The classifications are:

• PERE – Family Film.
• L – Allowed for all ages.
• MS-6 – Not recommended for those under 6.
• MS-12 – Not recommended for those under 12.
• K-12 – Prohibited for those under 12 unless accompanied by an adult.
• K-14 – Prohibited for those under 14 unless accompanied by an adult.
• K-16 – Prohibited for those under 16 unless accompanied by an adult.
• K-18 – Prohibited for those under 18 unless accompanied by an adult.

Fiji

In Fiji, films are classified by the Fijian Censors Board:

• G - Approved for general exhibition.
• Y - Approved for exhibition to viewers aged 13 and over.
• A - Approved for exhibition to adults only (18 and over).
• R - Approved for restricted public exhibition, subject to conditions imposed by the censor.

Finland

The age ratings and content descriptors used in Finland

In Finland, films are classified by the National Audiovisual Institute. Minors up to three years younger than the age limit are permitted to see a film in a cinema when accompanied by an adult, with the exception of 18-rated films. Films with an age rating may also carry additional markers for content such as violence, sex, fear, or substance abuse. The ratings are as follows:

• S (Finnish) or T (Swedish) – For all ages.
• 7 – For 7 years and over.
• 12 – For 12 years and over.
• 16 – For 16 years and over.
• 18 – Prohibited for children under 18 years of age.

France

Further information: Censorship in France § Cinema

Before a film can be shown in French theaters, it must obtain a distribution certificate from the Ministry of Culture. The Minister issues this certificate based on a recommendation from the classification body of the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (CNC). In some cases, films may be classified as "pornographic films or those containing an incitement to violence" or even completely prohibited from screening.

A certificate will be granted from the following categories:

• TP (Tous publics) – This certificate authorizes the film's screening to all members of the public.
• -12 – This certificate prohibits the film's screening to minors under 12.
• -16 – This certificate prohibits the film's screening to minors under 16.
• -18 – This certificate prohibits the film's screening to minors under 18.
• X – This certificate is for pornographic films or those inciting violence. They cannot be screened to minors under 18, are heavily taxed, and cannot receive any government subsidies. The last X-rating was issued in 1996, and the last adult cinema in France closed in 2019.
• Interdiction totale (prohibition) – This certificate completely prohibits the film's screening. No film has been refused a certificate since 1979.

Germany

The Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft (Voluntary Self-Regulation of the Film Industry, FSK) operates a film rating system under which films are classified. All ratings include the phrase "gemäß §14 JuSchG" (in accordance with §14 of the Youth Protection Law), which signifies their legal binding nature for minors. Cinemas may legally exhibit films without an FSK classification, but minors are prohibited from such screenings.

The German motion picture classifications

• Ohne Altersbeschränkung (FSK 0): For everyone (white sign).
• Freigegeben ab 6 Jahren (FSK 6): For ages 6 and older (yellow sign).
• Freigegeben ab 12 Jahren (FSK 12): For ages 12 and older; children who are at least 6 years old may be admitted with adult accompaniment (green sign).
• Freigegeben ab 16 Jahren (FSK 16): For ages 16 and older; no one under this age is admitted (blue sign).
• Keine Jugendfreigabe (FSK 18): "No youth admitted," adults only. (red sign).
• Infoprogramm or Lehrprogramm: "Educational programming." This rating is not issued by the FSK but can be self-applied to films aiming to educate their audience (e.g., documentaries, instructional films). Films with this rating may be sold without any age restriction, provided they do not contain any material "evidently harmful to the development of children and youths."

The FSK rating also dictates broadcast times for free-to-air TV stations. Films rated FSK 16 or FSK 18 can only be aired between 10:00 PM (22:00) or 11:00 PM (23:00) and 6:00 AM. Stations are permitted to broadcast films not approved for audiences under 12 at their own discretion.

Ghana

In Ghana, the Film Classification Committee is responsible for classifying films.

Categories of the Ghana classification system

The classifications are:

• U - Universal; suitable for all categories of persons.
• PG - Parental Guidance; viewers under twelve should watch under parental guidance.
• 12 - For persons 12 years and above. Children under this age must be accompanied.
• 15 - For persons 15 years and above only.
• 18 - For persons 18 years and above only.
• NS - Not suitable for public exhibition.

Greece

All publicly released films in Greece must be submitted to the Youth Committee for classification. There are four categories:

• Unrestricted – No restrictions. This rating indicates the film contains no violence, drug abuse, or sexual content.
• 13 – The film may contain mild violence and adult themes. Suitable for people aged 13 and above.
• 17 – The film may contain violence, drug abuse, and softcore pornographic scenes. An ID card certifying age is required at all Greek cinemas and video rental shops to obtain a cinema ticket or rent a "17" rated film. Not permitted for young people under the age of 17.
• 18 – Not permitted for people under the age of 18.

Hong Kong

Main article: Hong Kong motion picture rating system

Films intended for public exhibition in Hong Kong must be submitted to the Director of Film, Newspaper and Article Administration, who serves as the Film Censorship Authority (FCA) under the Ordinance, for approval. Once approved, films are either classified or exempted from classification.

Hong Kong ratings administered by the Film Censorship Authority

• I – Suitable for all ages. (circle sign).
• II_A – Not suitable for children. (square sign).
• II_B – Not suitable for young persons and children.
• III – Persons aged 18 or above only. (triangle sign).

Of these four levels, Categories I, II_A, and II_B are unrestricted. Only Category III is a restricted category and is regulated by the government.

Hungary

The Hungarian ratings administered by the National Media and Infocommunications Authority

Hungarian film ratings are determined by the National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH):

• KN (korhatár nélkül) – All audiences.
• 6 – Not recommended for those under 6.
• 12 – Not recommended for those under 12.
• 16 – Not recommended for those under 16.
• 18 – Not recommended for those under 18.
• X – Restricted to adults, meaning prohibited for anyone under 18. This category often includes excessively violent scenes.

All ratings are advisory except for the "X" classification, which is mandatory. The current system is Hungary's third motion picture rating system. The first system was in place from 1965 to 2004, administered by the Ministry for National Cultural Heritage and its predecessors. Its categories were "Without age restriction," "Not recommended below age of 14," "Above age of 16 only," and "Above age of 18 only." A second system, introduced in 2004, was overhauled in 2011 in favor of the current system. Its categories—issued by the National Film Office—were "Without age restriction," "Parental guidance suggested below age of 12," "Not recommended below age of 16," "Not recommended below age of 18," and "For adults only."

Iceland

Since July 1, 2006, FRÍSK (short for Félag rétthafa í sjónvarps- og kvikmyndaiðnaði) has been the film classification system in Iceland, replacing the Kvikmyndaskoðun system. In October 2013, FRÍSK announced that it would adopt a new system similar to the Netherlands' Kijkwijzer at least through 2016. The Icelandic rating system also includes an "18" rating in addition to the Kijkwijzer ratings. Under Icelandic law, minors aged 14 and over may be admitted to a film with a higher age rating if accompanied by an adult. The ratings are as follows:

The ratings and descriptors used in Iceland since 2017

• L: All ages.
• 6: Not suitable for children under 6 years.
• 9: Not suitable for children under 9 years.
• 12: Not suitable for children under 12 years.
• 14: Not suitable for children under 14 years.
• 16: Not suitable for children under 16 years.
• 18: Not suitable for children under 18 years.

India

Further information: Central Board of Film Certification § Certificates and guidelines

The Indian ratings administered by the Central Board of Film Certification

In India, the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is responsible for certifying films intended for public exhibition.

The classifications are:

• U – Unrestricted public exhibition.
• UA – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with mandatory age-restricted parental guidance. The age threshold was previously set at 12 years, but in 2023, this was further refined to 7, 13, and 16 years.
  • UA 7+ – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with parental guidance for children below the age of 7 years.
  • UA 13+ – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with parental guidance for children below the age of 13 years.
  • UA 16+ – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with parental guidance for children below the age of 16 years.
• A – Restricted to adults.
• S – Restricted to any special class of persons.

Indonesia

In Indonesia, films must be reviewed by the Film Censorship Board (LSF) before they can be shown. Beyond issuing certificates, the LSF also reviews and permits film-related advertising, such as movie trailers and posters. Since the late 2000s, the LSF no longer has the authority to cut scenes from films, but it may suggest cuts to distributors to issue certificates with a specific rating. Films approved for exhibition receive one of the following classifications:

• SU (Semua Umur): All ages.
• 13+: Suitable for ages 13 and above.
• 17+: Suitable for ages 17 and above.
• 21+: Suitable for ages 21 and above.

Iraq

The Iraqi film rating system is established by the Ministry of Information and Culture. It is illegal for underage individuals to enter cinemas showing restricted films, even if accompanied by their parents, and proof of identity may be required.

The classifications are:

• G: General Exhibition - open for all ages.
• PG 13: Parental Guidance 13. Customers may be aged 13 years and under, but must be accompanied by someone 13 years old or older. Please note that content may not be appropriate for those 13 years and below; booking is at the discretion of guardians and parents.
• PG 15: Parental Guidance 15. Customers may be aged 15 years and under, but must be accompanied by someone 15 years old or older. Please note that content may not be appropriate for those 15 years and below; booking is at the discretion of guardians and parents.
• 15+: No persons under 15 years of age will be admitted. Babies are not allowed.
• 18+: No persons under 18 years of age will be admitted. Babies are not allowed.
• 18TC: Rated 18+ until confirmed by the National Media Council. Entry to the cinema must comply with the age restriction of the final confirmed rating. Booking prior to the confirmed rating is at the customer's discretion.

Ireland

All films publicly exhibited or released on home video in Ireland must be submitted to the Irish Film Classification Office (IFCO) for classification.

Cinema ratings

Video ratings

The classifications are:

• G (General) – Suitable for children of school-going age (note: children can be enrolled in school from age 4).
• PG (Parental Guidance) – Suitable for children over the age of 8. Parental guidance is recommended for children under 12.
• 12A, 12 – Suitable for viewers aged 12 and over. Younger children may be admitted to films in cinemas if accompanied by an adult. For home video, younger viewers are not permitted to purchase or rent the video.
• 15A, 15 – Suitable for viewers aged 15 and over. Younger viewers may be admitted to films in cinemas if accompanied by an adult. For home video, younger viewers are not permitted to purchase or rent the video.
• 16 (cinema only) – Suitable for viewers aged 16 and over. Younger viewers are not admitted.
• 18 – Suitable only for adults. Viewers under 18 are not admitted to cinemas or permitted to purchase or rent the video.

Italy

The age ratings used in Italy

In Italy, the film rating system is currently governed by Legislative Decree No. 203 of December 7, 2017. For commercial releases, distributors must classify their films based on the target audience's age. Their decisions are then verified by a commission from the Ministry of Culture, which comprises members of the film industry and experts in education and animal rights. Since 2021, this commission is no longer permitted to ban a film or demand edits. Films are categorized into one of the following classifications:

The content descriptors used in Italy

• T (film per tutti): No age restriction.
• 6+ (non adatto ai minori di anni 6): Not suitable for children under 6.
• 10+ (non adatto ai minori di anni 10): Not suitable for children under 10.
• 14+ (vietato ai minori di 14 anni): Released for ages 14 and older; children who are at least 12 may be admitted with adult accompaniment.
• 18+ (vietato ai minori di 18 anni): Released for ages 18 and older; children who are at least 16 may be admitted with adult accompaniment.

This classification system applies only to commercial releases in theaters, and Italian law does not require the classification of home media. Before 2021, films intended for theatrical release were classified as "T" (for all ages) or prohibited for children under 14 or 18 by the Commission for Film Review. This Commission also had the power to request cuts to certain scenes or completely ban a film's distribution. The 6+ classification was introduced in 2021, while the 10+ classification was adopted in 2025.

Jamaica

Film classification in Jamaica is mandated by the Cinematograph Act of 1913, which also established the Cinematograph Authority.

The classifications are:

• G (General Audiences): Appropriate for all ages.
• PG (only applied occasionally).
• PG-13: Children 12 years and under must be accompanied by a parent/guardian.
• T-16: Teenagers aged 14 & 15 will be admitted if accompanied by an adult.
• A-18: No one under the age of 18 years will be admitted.

Japan

Eirin ratings

A Japanese film rating regulator known as Eirin (映倫) [full-name: Eiga Rinri Kanri Iinkai (映画倫理管理委員会), or Film Ethics Management Committee] operates a film classification system, categorizing films into one of four groups. These categories have been in use since May 1, 1998.

The categories are:

• G: General, suitable for all ages.
• PG12: Parental guidance requested for young people under 12 years.
• R15+: No one under 15 admitted.
• R18+: No one under 18 admitted.

Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, films are rated by the Committee for Culture of the Ministry for Culture and Information.

The classifications are:

• 6-: 6 жасқа толмаған балаларға арналған фильмдер. Suitable for children under the age of 6.
• 6+: 6 жасқа толған балаларға арналған фильмдер. Suitable for children over the age of 6.
• 12+: 12 жасқа толған балаларға арналған фильмдер. Suitable for children over the age of 12.
• 14+: 14 жасқа толған балаларға арналған фильмдер. Parental supervision is recommended for children under the age of 14.
• 16+: 16 жасқа толған адамдарға арналған фильмдер. Parental supervision is recommended for children under the age of 16.
• 18+: 18 жасқа толған адамдарға арналған фильмдер. For viewers aged over 18.
• 21+: 21 жасқа толған адамдарға арналған фильмдер. For viewers aged over 21. Restricted to licensed venues between 10 PM and 6 AM local time.

Kenya

In Kenya, films are rated by the Kenya Film Classification Board.

The classifications are:

• GE (General Exhibition) – Suitable for all ages.
• PG (Parental Guidance Recommended) – May contain scenes unsuitable for children under the age of 10. While the content may be suitable for children, parents are advised to monitor it.
• 16 (Unsuitable for persons under age of 16) – Restricted to persons aged 16 years and above.
• 18 (Adults Only) – Restricted to persons aged 18 years and above.
• Restricted/Banned

Kuwait

In Kuwait, films are rated by the Censor Board Committee (لجنة الرقابة) under the authority of the Ministry of Information (وزارة الإعلام). This Committee has the power to sanction edits or outright ban certain films to comply with Kuwait's cultural laws and values. The Ministry of Information originally established an age classification system for films under decision number #73, article #10 of the year 2012.

The classification system has undergone periodic revisions since 2012. The latest version was introduced in 2025 and comprises six ratings:

• G – Suitable for all ages.
• PG – Parental Guidance is advised.
• PG-12 – Adults must accompany children under 12 years old.
• PG-15 – Adults must accompany children under 15 years old.
• R-15 – Only for ages 15 and above.
• R-18 – Only for ages 18 and above.

Latvia

In Latvia, the producer or distributor of a film is responsible for assigning a rating based on a predetermined set of criteria. All publicly exhibited films, visual recordings, and films broadcast over television and electronic networks must be classified.

The classifications are:

• U (universal audience) – Suitable for people of all age groups.
• 7+: Suitable for individuals who are at least 7 years old.
• 12+: Suitable for individuals who are at least 12 years old.
• 16+: Suitable for individuals who are at least 16 years old.
• 18+: Not suitable for minors (prohibited for people under 18).

Lebanon

Films released in Lebanon are rated by the Lebanese Censorship Board.

The classifications are:

• G: Intended for General Audiences. All ages are admitted.
• PG: Parental Guidance is suggested.
• PG13: Children under 13 years of age will not be admitted.
• PG16: Persons under 16 years of age will not be admitted.
• 18+: Persons under 18 years of age will not be admitted.

Lithuania

The Lithuanian Film Centre, a state institution under the Ministry of Culture of Lithuania, assigns ratings to films approved for public exhibition based on their content.

The "N" in the ratings stands for nuo, which means "from" (a certain age).

The classifications are:

• V: Released for all ages. The full name for this classification is visi, meaning "all."
• N-7: Released for ages 7 and above. Children under 7 may be admitted with adult supervision.
• N-13: Released for ages 13 and above. Children between 7 and 12 may be admitted with adult supervision.
• N-16: Released for ages 16 and above. No one under 16 is admitted.
• N-18: Released for ages 18 and above. No one under 18 is admitted.

Malaysia

Further information: Censorship in Malaysia

Historically, film censorship in Malaysia was handled by the police under the Theatre Ordinance 1908. In 1954, the Film Censorship Board (LPF) was established to censor films distributed across Malaysia, initially under the Cinematograph Films Act 1952, and later the Film Censorship Act 2002.

Malaysia's motion picture rating system debuted in 1953, initially categorizing films as either for General Audiences (Tontonan Umum) or For Adults Only (Untuk Orang Dewasa Sahaja). In 1996, these classifications were changed to "U" and four different "18" categories, which were then merged back into a single classification in 2010. The "PG13" classification was introduced in 2008, permitting children under 13 to attend if accompanied by an adult (this became "P13" with a cosmetic change in 2012). In February 2023, the "P13" classification was split into two: a "P12" classification (effectively the same as "P13" but with a slightly lower age threshold) and a prohibitive "13" classification, which bars admission to children under 13. A prohibitive "16" classification was also introduced, preventing audiences under 16 from attending.

The new film classification logos introduced since February 2023

Upon reviewing a film, the board assigns one of three categories:

• Lulus Bersih (Passed Clean [i.e., without cuts])
• Lulus Dengan Pengubahan (Passed with Edits/Cuts)
• Tidak Diluluskan Untuk Tayangan (Not Approved for Screening)

Should a film be approved, the Board then assigns it a classification. As of 2023, the ratings are:

• U (Umum) - Suitable for all ages.
• P12 (Penjaga) – Parental guidance required for audiences under the age of 12.
• 13 – For audiences aged 13 years old and above.
• 16 – For audiences aged 16 years old and above.
• 18 – For audiences aged 18 years old and above.

Maldives

Films in the Maldives are classified by the National Bureau of Classification. Certificates issued are based on the following categories:

Maldive film classifications

The classifications are:

• G – Suitable for all ages.
• PG – Parental guidance.
• 12+ – For ages 12 and above.
• 15+ – Suitable for ages 15 and above.
• 18+ – Suitable for ages 18 and above.
• 18+R – Suitable for ages 18 and above. Restricted.
• PU – For professional use only.

Malta

As of 2012, films in Malta are classified by the Film Board in accordance with the Malta Council for Culture and the Arts Act. As part of an overhaul in 2013, the "14" and "16" age classifications were replaced by "12A" and "15"; the "PG" rating was redefined, while "U", "12", and "18" were retained in their existing form.

If a film is deemed "fit for exhibition," it will receive one of the following classifications:

• U (Universal) – Suitable for all.
• PG (Parental Guidance) – General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children.
• 12A – Suitable for persons 12 years and over: However, persons younger than 12 years may attend only when accompanied by an adult.
• 12 – Suitable only for persons 12 years and over.
• 15 – Suitable only for persons 15 years and over.
• 18 – Suitable only for persons 18 years and over.

Mauritius

The Film Classification Board (FCB) classifies films and stage plays on behalf of the Ministry of Arts and Cultural Heritage. Films will be awarded one of the following classifications, in accordance with the Film Act 2002, or rejected:

The classifications are:

• U (Universal) – Suitable for all audiences.
• PG – Parental Guidance is compulsory for children under the age of 12.
• 15 – Suitable for persons aged 15 and above.
• 18 – Suitable for all adults.
• 18R – Adult audiences only (subject to specified conditions).
• Rejected – Not allowed.

Mexico

The General Directorate of Radio, Television and Cinematography (in Spanish, Dirección General de Radio, Televisión y Cinematografía), an agency of the Secretariat of the Interior (Secretaría de Gobernación), is responsible for issuing motion picture ratings. It uses its own classification system, as follows:

• AA Informative-only rating: Understandable for children under 7 years.
• A Information-only rating: For all age groups.
• B Information-only rating: For adolescents 12 years and older.
• B-15 Information-only rating: Not recommended for children under 15.
• C Restrictive rating: For adults 18 and older.
• D Restrictive rating: Adult movies (legally prohibited for those under 18 years of age).

Netherlands

Main article: Kijkwijzer

In the Netherlands, the Kijkwijzer system is used, and it's implemented by the Netherlands Institute for the Classification of Audiovisual Media (NICAM). Kijkwijzer serves as an advisory system for parents, but Dutch law also includes legal provisions for public spaces, including cinemas. Children under the specified age limits are only admitted to films with an age limit of 6, 9, 12, or 14 if accompanied by an adult. However, for "16" and "18" rated films, admission is legally prohibited for anyone under 16 years of age in both categories (a person aged 16 or 17 may rent, see, or be admitted to "18" rated films) as per section 240a of the Dutch Criminal Code.

The Kijkwijzer ratings used in the Netherlands since January 2020

The age categories are:

• AL: All ages.
• 6: Potentially harmful to children under 6 years.
• 9: Potentially harmful to children under 9 years.
• 12: Potentially harmful to children under 12 years.
• 14: Potentially harmful to children under 14 years.
• 16: Potentially harmful to children under 16 years.
• 18: Potentially harmful to children under 18 years.

There are also seven descriptor icons used:

• Violence (Geweld)
• Fear (Angst)
• Sexual Content (Seks)
• Discrimination (Discriminatie)
• Drug and/or Alcohol abuse (Drugs- en/of alcoholmisbruik)
• Bad Language (Grof taalgebruik)
• Dangerous Challenges and Stunts (Gevaarlijk gedrag)

These icons are primarily used in conjunction with other symbols to indicate if a film contains elements such as violence, sexual content, frightening scenes, drug or alcohol abuse, discrimination, coarse language, or dangerous challenges and stunts. These symbols are also applied to television channels broadcasting under a license issued in the Netherlands, regardless of the country to which the channel is dedicated.

New Zealand

The Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 grants the Office of Film and Literature Classification the authority to categorize publications into three types: unrestricted, restricted, or "objectionable" (banned). With a few exceptions, films, videos, DVDs, and restricted computer games must carry a label before being offered for supply or exhibited to the public.

In 2017, in response to the Netflix television series, 13 Reasons Why, the Office of Film and Literature Classification created a special RP18 rating for online content. This new classification reflects concerns about 17 and 18-year-olds in New Zealand being at a higher risk of suicide. The current ratings are:

New Zealand Ratings

The classifications are:

• G: Anyone can be shown or sold this.
• PG: Films and games with a PG label can be sold, hired, or shown to anyone. The PG label means guidance from a parent or guardian is recommended for younger viewers.
• M: Films and games with an M label can be sold, hired, or shown to anyone. Films with an M label are more suitable for mature audiences. Many blockbusters based on books popular with the 10+ age group are classified M.
• RP13: Restricted to persons 13 years and over unless accompanied by a Parent/Guardian.
• RP16: Restricted to persons 16 years and over unless accompanied by a Parent/Guardian.
• RP18: Restricted to persons 18 years and over unless accompanied by a Parent/Guardian (online content only).
• R13: Restricted to persons 13 years and over.
• R15: Restricted to persons 15 years and over.
• R16: Restricted to persons 16 years and over.
• R18: Restricted to persons 18 years and over.
• R: Restricted exclusively to a certain audience.

Nigeria

Nigerian Ratings

The National Film and Video Censors Board classifies films, videos, DVDs, and VCDs. Classifications with an age rating are legally restricted, though the "15" and "18" classifications don't apply to children under two years of age. The categories are:

• G: Suitable for viewing by persons of all ages.
• PG: Parental Guidance is advised.
• 12A: Not suitable for people under the age of 12. A child must be accompanied by an adult to view the film.
• 12: Not permitted for people under the age of 12.
• 15: Not permitted for persons under the age of 15.
• 18: Not permitted for people under the age of 18.
• RE: Films in this category are to be exhibited and distributed only in specially licensed premises.

Norway

In Norway, all films—whether exhibited in cinemas, distributed on video, shown on television, or streamed through on-demand services—are legally required to be classified. Films shown in cinemas must be classified by the distributor, while films made available by other means must be classified by whoever holds the rights to make them available in Norway. Classifications are mandated to follow the guidelines and age limits set by the Norwegian Media Authority (Medietilsynet). The law previously required films to be classified by the Norwegian Media Authority, but this was repealed in 2022.

The Norwegian Media Authority ratings

The following age limits apply to films:

• A – Suitable for all.
• 6 – 6 years (no restriction for children accompanied by an adult).
• 9 – 9 years (children down to 6 years accompanied by an adult).
• 12 – 12 years (children down to 9 years accompanied by an adult).
• 15 – 15 years (children down to 12 years accompanied by an adult).
• 18 – 18 years (no one under this age admitted).

Philippines

The rating labels used in the Philippines

In the Philippines, motion pictures, along with television programs, are rated by the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board, a special agency of the Office of the President. As of 2012, the Board uses six classification ratings.

The classifications are:

• G (General Audiences) – Viewers of all ages are admitted.
• PG (Parental Guidance) – Viewers under 13 years old must be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult.
• R-13 (Restricted-13) – Only viewers aged 13 years and above can be admitted.
• R-16 (Restricted-16) – Only viewers aged 16 years and above can be admitted.
• R-18 (Restricted-18) – Only viewers aged 18 years and above can be admitted.
• X (Not For Public Exhibition) – "X-rated" films are not suitable for public exhibition.

Independent, foreign-language, and art-house films released in the Philippines are not rated by the MTRCB itself. Instead, they're rated through the Film Development Council of the Philippines. Nevertheless, the same rating system applies.

Portugal

In Portugal, movies are rated by the Comissão de Classificação de Espectáculos, an agency of the Ministry of Culture. For cinemas, the ratings are mandatory (subject to parental guidance), whereas for video releases, they are merely advisory, except in the case of pornographic content.

Children under the age of 4 were previously prohibited from public film performances. However, a special category for this age group was introduced when the classification system was overhauled in 2014. At that time, a category for 14-year-olds was also added, and the lowest age rating was reduced from 4 years to 3.

The categories are:

• Para todos os públicos – For all audiences (especially designed for children under 3 years of age).
• M/3 – Passed for viewers aged 3 and older.
• M/6 – Passed for viewers aged 6 and older.
• M/12 – Passed for viewers aged 12 and older.
• M/14 – Passed for viewers aged 14 and older.
• M/16 – Passed for viewers aged 16 and older.
• M/18 – Passed for viewers aged 18 and older.
• P – A special rating supplementary to the M/18 age rating denoting "pornography."

Qatar

In Qatar, the Ministry of Culture and Sports sets film ratings.

The classifications are:

• G – General Audience.
• PG – Parental Guidance advised.
• PG-13 – Individuals under 13 not admitted without adult accompaniment.
• PG-15 – Individuals under 15 not admitted without adult accompaniment.
• 15+ – Individuals under 15 not admitted.
• 18+ – Individuals under 18 not admitted.

Romania

In Romania, film ratings are set by the National Center of Cinematography (Romanian: Centrul Național al Cinematografiei) (CNC).

The classifications are:

• AG (audiență generală) – General audience.
• AP-12 (acordul părinților pentru copiii sub 12 ani) – Parental guidance for children under 12.
• N-15 (nerecomandat tinerilor sub 15 ani) – Not recommended for children under 15.
• IM-18 (interzis minorilor) – Prohibited for minors under 18.
• IM-18-XXX (interzis minorilor și proiecției cu public) – Prohibited for minors under 18 and public projection.
• IC (interdicție de comunicare) – Prohibition of communication.

Russia

Further information: On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development

Since 2012, ratings in Russia appear inside circles with a plus (+) sign indicating age restrictions. These ratings are common across most media, including TV and Internet shows.

Russian rating system

The classifications are:

• 0+ – All ages are admitted.
• 6+ для детей старше 6 лет (For children over 6 years) – Unsuitable for children under 6.
• 12+ для детей старше 12 лет (For children over 12 years) – Unsuitable for children under 12.
• 16+ для детей старше 16 лет (For children over 16 years) – Unsuitable for children under 16.
• 18+ запрещено для детей (Prohibited for children) – Prohibited for children under 18.
• Фильмы, которым отказано в классификации (Refused classification) – Banned.

Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, film classification is managed by the General Authority of Media Regulation (Gmedia; formerly known as the General Commission for Audiovisual Media or GCAM). This system was reintroduced in 2017 with the return of film theaters to the country. GCAM (now Gmedia) officially approved a rating system in 2018, and revised it in 2022 to include a "PG15" rating. The "PG15" rating later officially replaced the "R12" rating.

The classifications are:

Gmedia classification symbols as of December 2023

• G: General – For the general public.
• PG: Parental Guidance – Adult supervision recommended for children under the age of 12.
• PG12: Parental Guidance 12 – Adult supervision required for children under the age of 12.
• PG15: Parental Guidance 15 – Adult supervision required for children under the age of 15.
• R15: Audiences under the age of 15 are prohibited.
• R18: Audiences under the age of 18 are prohibited.

Singapore

Film classification in Singapore began on July 1, 1991, and falls under the jurisdiction of the Board of Film Censors (BFC), which is now part of the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA). Initially, there were three ratings: G (General), PG (Parental Guidance), and R (Restricted to 18 years and above). Before this, films were either approved or effectively banned. Over the years, several changes have been made to the ratings. In September 1991, a Restricted (Artistic) (R(A)) rating was introduced to replace the previous R-rating. This allowed the screening of certain art-house films that would otherwise have been banned, with an increased age restriction set at 21 years.

The R(A) rating has since been replaced by NC16 (No Children under 16), M18 (Mature 18), and R21 (Restricted 21). The PG13 (Parental Guidance 13) rating, introduced in 2011, is the most recent addition. The G, PG, and PG13 ratings are advisory, while NC16, M18, and R21 carry age restrictions. Video ratings are mostly similar to cinema ratings, but they only go up to M18. Some content, such as documentaries, children's programs, and sports programs, may be exempt from video classification, but all titles must be classified for public theatrical exhibition.

Singapore's film rating symbols as of 2021

The categories are:

• G: General – Suitable for all ages.
• PG: Parental Guidance – Suitable for all, but parents should guide their young.
• PG13: Parental Guidance 13 – Suitable for persons aged 13 and above, but parental guidance is advised for children below 13.
• NC16: No Children Under 16 – Suitable for persons aged 16 and above.
• M18: Mature 18 – Suitable for persons aged 18 and above.
• R21: Restricted 21 – Suitable for adults aged 21 and above (restricted to licensed cinemas).

In exceptional cases, a film may be refused classification if it exceeds the permissible limits of the R21 classification, contains any material that undermines or is likely to undermine public order, or is likely to be prejudicial to national interest.

Slovakia

The Jednotný systém označovania (English: Unified System of Age Rating/Labeling, or JSO) is a statutory board under the Slovakian Ministry of Culture that regulates age restrictions for films, television programs, and video games in Slovakia, as per Act 589/2007. In 2024, the ratings were updated again, introducing content descriptions and abolishing the -7, 7+, 12+, and 15+ ratings.

The rating labels and content descriptors used in Slovakia

The age ratings are:

• "Teddy bear's head" – Content suitable for children younger than 12 years.
• U – General audience.
• 7 – Not recommended for children younger than 7 years.
• 12 – Not recommended for people younger than 12 years.
• 15 – Not recommended for people younger than 15 years.
• 18 – Prohibited for minors under 18 years of age.

Educational movie ratings that were used in Slovakia

The educational movie ratings, which have since been abolished, were:

• -7 – Targeted at children younger than 7 years.
• 7+ – Appropriate for children older than 7 years.
• 12+ – Appropriate for people 12 years and over.
• 15+ – Appropriate for people 15 years and over.

New content descriptors and icons were added, including those for sex, nudity (Slovak: nahota), drugs (zavislost), vulgar language (vulgarismus), violence (nasilie), discrimination (diskriminacia), and fear (strach).

South Africa

In South Africa, films are classified by the Film and Publication Board. Distributors and exhibitors are legally compelled to comply with the age ratings. All broadcasters, cinemas, and distributors of DVD/video and computer games must adhere to the following:

The FPB's rating categories

The classifications are:

• A: Suitable for all.
• PG: Parental Guidance.
• 7–9PG: Not suitable for children under the age of 7. Children aged 7–9 years may not be admitted unless accompanied by an adult.
• 10–12PG: Not suitable for children under the age of 10. Children aged 10–12 years may not be admitted unless accompanied by an adult.
• 13: Not suitable for children under the age of 13.
• 16: Not suitable for persons under the age of 16.
• 18: Not suitable for persons under the age of 18.
• X18: No one under 18 admitted; restricted to licensed adult premises.
• XX: Must not be distributed or exhibited in public.

There are also sub-descriptors used with some of the ratings:

The FPB's rating descriptors

• S for sex.
• L for language.
• V for violence.
• P for prejudice.
• N for nudity.
• H for horror.
• D for substance abuse.
• SV for sexual violence.

South Korea

KMRB rating logos and content descriptors

The Korea Media Rating Board (영상물등급위원회) in Busan manages South Korea's film classification system. There are four general-purpose ratings: an "All" category for films suitable for all ages, and three age-restricted categories: 12, 15, and 19. Children below the ages of 12 and 15 are permitted to attend 12- and 15-rated films, respectively, if accompanied by an adult. The 19-rating replaced the 18-rating on May 1, 2024; this change was retrospective, meaning all films previously rated 18 had their former ratings withdrawn and were upgraded to 19. As with the previous classification, minors are prohibited from 19-rated films. A "restrictive" rating also exists, limiting exhibition to specially licensed venues.

The KMRB divides licensed films into the following categories:

• ALL (전체관람가) – Film suitable for all ages.
• 12 (12세이상관람가) – Film intended for audiences 12 and over. Underage audiences accompanied by a parent or guardian are allowed.
• 15 (15세이상관람가) – Film intended for audiences 15 and over. Underage audiences accompanied by a parent or guardian are allowed.
• 19 (청소년관람불가) – No one under 19 is allowed to watch this film.
• Restricted Screening (제한상영가) – This rating applies to films that require specific restrictions on screening or advertising due to excessive expressions of nudity, violence, social behavior, etc., which are considered highly detrimental to universal human dignity, social values, good customs, or national sentiment. (This is technically not an age restriction, but films with this rating may only be screened at "adults only" theaters, where the age of majority is 19).

Classification Ratings are Determined by the Following:

• Theme (주제) - The impact on the formation of emotions and values for different age groups, as well as the ability to understand and accept the theme.
• Sex and Nudity (선정성) - The level of human body exposure, as well as depictions of caress, sexual intercourse, and other sexual activities.
• Violence (폭력성) - The level of physical harm and oppression through torture, bloody battles, pain, indignity, and sexual violence.
• Language (대사) - The level and frequency of vulgar language and slang.
• Horror (공포) - The level of psychological shock resulting from tension, stimuli, and threat.
• Drugs (약물) - The level of drug use and the promotion or glorification of such activities.
• Imitative Behavior (모방위험) - The likelihood of imitation, encouragement, and stimulus to perform depicted acts of murder, drug use, suicide, school violence, social ostracization, and weapon use.

Spain

All films intended for commercial release in Spain, regardless of the medium, must be submitted to the ICAA (Instituto de Cinematografía y Artes Audiovisuales - Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts Institute). Classifications are advisory, except for X-rated films, which are restricted to specially licensed venues. A supplementary classification, "Especialmente Recomendada para la Infancia" (Especially recommended for children), is sometimes added to the lowest two classifications. Another supplementary classification, "Especialmente recomendada para el fomento de la igualdad de género" (Especially recommended for the promotion of gender equality), is sometimes appended to any of the classifications except the last one.

Spanish classifications

The classifications are:

• A(i) – General admission.
• 7(i) – Not recommended for audiences under 7.
• 12 – Not recommended for audiences under 12.
• 16 – Not recommended for audiences under 16.
• 18 – Not recommended for audiences under 18.
• X – Prohibited for audiences under 18 (may only be shown in premises where adult films are screened).

Sweden

The Swedish Media Council ("Statens medieråd") is a government agency focused on reducing the risk of harmful media influences among minors and empowering minors as conscious media users. The classifications assigned to films shouldn't be seen as recommendations for children's suitability. This is because the law under which the council operates (SFS 2010:1882) only mandates them to assess the relative risk to children's well-being. It is not a legal requirement to submit a film to the Media Council. The council's classification only applies to public exhibition, and the law doesn't require home media to be classified.

The following categories are used:

• Btl (Barntillåten) – All ages.
• 7 – Children under the age of 7, who are accompanied by an adult, are admitted to films that have been passed for children from the age of 7.
• 11 – Children over the age of 7, who are accompanied by an adult, are admitted to films that have been passed for children from the age of 11.
• Not Approved/15 – Children over the age of 11, who are accompanied by an adult, are admitted to films with a 15-year limit.

Switzerland

Further information: § Germany

Switzerland has adopted Germany's Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft (Voluntary Self-Regulation of the Film Industry, FSK) system. However, under Swiss law, children up to two years younger than the age recommendations will be admitted if accompanied by a person with parental authority.

Taiwan

Further information: Film censorship in China

From 1994 until 2015, the Government Information Office (https://www.google.com/search?q=GIO) categorized films into four groups (General Audience/Protected/Parental Guidance/Restricted) based on its Regulations Governing the Classification of Motion Pictures of the Republic of China (電影片分級處理辦法 in traditional Chinese): The "Parental Guidance" rating previously prohibited viewing by children under 12 and required adolescents aged 12–17 to be accompanied by an adult. In 2015, the "Parental Guidance" rating was further divided into two categories: one prohibiting children under 12 and another prohibiting adolescents under 15.

The revised Taiwan motion picture rating system which took effect from 16 October 2015

The categories are:

• 0+: 普遍級(普) (General Audience) – Viewing is permitted for audiences of all ages.
• 6+: 保護級(護) (Protected) – Viewing is not permitted for children under 6; children between 6 and 11 must be accompanied and guided by parents, teachers, seniors, adult relatives, or friends.
• 12+: 輔導十二歲級(輔12) (Parental Guidance 12) – Viewing is not permitted for children under 12.
• 15+: 輔導十五歲級(輔15) (Parental Guidance 15) – Viewing is not permitted for those under 15.
• 18+: 限制級(限) (Restricted) – Viewing is not permitted for those under 18.

Thailand

A motion picture rating system was proposed in the Film and Video Act of 2007 and passed on December 20, 2007, by the Thai military-appointed National Legislative Assembly, replacing laws that had been in place since 1930. The draft law faced resistance from the film industry and independent filmmakers. Activists had hoped for a less restrictive approach; however, films are still subject to censorship and can be completely banned from release if deemed to "undermine or disrupt social order and moral decency, or might impact national security or the pride of the nation."

Thai film rating symbols

The ratings took effect in August 2009. They are as follows:

• P – Educational.
• G – General audience.
• 13 – Suitable for viewers aged 13 years and over.
• 15 – Suitable for viewers aged 15 years and over.
• 18 – Suitable for viewers aged 18 years and over.
• 20 – Content is unsuitable for viewers under 20.
• Banned – Films that are not allowed to be screened publicly in Thailand.

Turkey

In Turkey, films shown in cinemas are rated by the Evaluation and Classification Board of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. All commercially available films must be classified, with the exception of educational films, which are instead labeled "for educational purposes." The board also has the authority to refuse classification in extreme cases (producers and distributors can submit an edited version of a movie to the board, but edited versions may also be rejected if still deemed inappropriate). In such cases, the movie will be banned, except for special artistic activities like fairs, festivals, feasts, and carnivals.

The rating labels and content descriptors used in Turkey

The classifications are:

• Genel İzleyici Kitlesi – General audience.
• 6A – Viewers under the age of 6 may watch with accompanying family members.
• 6+ – Restricted to viewers aged 6 and over.
• 10A – Viewers under the age of 10 may watch with accompanying family members.
• 10+ – Restricted to viewers aged 10 and over.
• 13A – Viewers under the age of 13 may watch with accompanying family members.
• 13+ – Restricted to viewers aged 13 and over.
• 16+ – Restricted to viewers aged 16 and over.
• 18+ – Restricted to viewers aged 18 and over.

Under this rating system, content may be assigned multiple ratings, with one signifying a minimum age of attendance and the other signifying the minimum age of unaccompanied attendance. In addition to the age ratings, content is also assessed for violence/horror, sexuality, and negative examples (e.g., drugs, vulgar and slang language).

Ukraine

The Ukrainian State Film Agency (Derzhkino) is Ukraine's central executive body for cinematography. The ratings issued by Derzhkino are:

• DA: ДА (Дитяча аудиторія): Films aimed at children. They contain no violence or obscenity.
• ZA: ЗА (Загальна аудиторія): Suitable for all.
• 12: Suitable for children aged 12 and older; those under 12 may be admitted if accompanied by an adult, as parents may find the content upsetting.
• 16: Not allowed for viewing by persons under 16 years of age.
• 18: Not allowed for viewing by persons under 18 years of age. Additionally, "18" rated features may only be screened in theaters after 6:00 PM (18:00), and they may be broadcast on television only after 10:00 PM (22:00).
• Denied: Відмовлено: Refused a classification by the Derzhkino. Content may not be shown, advertised, or distributed anywhere in Ukraine.
  • Films can be rejected if they promote war, violence, cruelty, and fascism aimed at eliminating Ukraine's independence.

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates has had an age rating system for theatrical films since around the early 1980s, established under the federal 1980 Press and Publications Law. This system was originally authorized by the Ministry of Information and Culture (1972–2006). The National Media Council, formed in 2006 after the ministry's dissolution, continued classifying films based on content perception until February 2018. At that time, it officially re-established the film age rating system under new guidelines and also introduced new age rating systems for video games and print publications.

In June 2021, following a federal government restructure approved in July 2020, the Ministry of Culture and Youth launched the Media Regulatory Office. This office now handles many functions and tasks previously managed by the National Media Council, making it the current authority for age ratings in the UAE as of June 2021.

U.A.E.'s film rating symbols as of 2021

As of December 2021, the official classifications used for films in the UAE are:

• G – For public viewing, suitable for all age groups.
• PG – For public viewing, with adult supervision.
• PG13 – Persons under 13 allowed with adult supervision.
• PG15 – Persons under 15 allowed with adult supervision.
• 15+ – Ages 15 and above only.
• 18+ – Ages 18 and above only.
• 21+ – Ages 21 and above only. Films receiving this classification are legally restricted to their age group but are authorized for commercial exhibition guaranteed without edits.

United Kingdom

Further information: British Board of Film Classification, History of British film certificates, and Video Recordings Act 1984

The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) is responsible for classifying films publicly exhibited in the United Kingdom. However, local councils retain statutory powers and can overrule BBFC decisions. Since 1984, the BBFC has also classified films commercially available in home video formats. If the BBFC refuses a classification, it effectively acts as a ban (though local councils can legally overturn this for cinema exhibition). The BBFC's regulatory authority doesn't extend to the Internet, meaning a film banned on physical media can still be available via streaming media/video on demand. Videos designed to inform, educate, or instruct, or those concerned with sport, religion, or music, are exempt from classification; exempt films may be marked "E," but this isn't an official label.

BBFC classification symbols (from 2019)

The current BBFC system includes the following classifications:

• U (Universal – Suitable for all) – A U-rated film should be suitable for audiences aged four years and over.
• PG (Parental Guidance) – General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children. A PG-rated film shouldn't unsettle a child aged around eight or older.
• 12A / 12 (Suitable for 12 years and over) – Films classified 12A and video works classified 12 contain material generally not suitable for children under 12. No one younger than 12 may see a 12A-rated film in a cinema unless accompanied by an adult. No one younger than 12 may rent or buy a 12-rated video work.
• 15 (Suitable only for 15 years and older) – No one under 15 is allowed to see a 15-rated film at the cinema or buy/rent a 15-rated video.
• 18 (Suitable only for adults) – No one under 18 is allowed to see an 18-rated film at the cinema or buy/rent an 18-rated video.
• R18 (To be shown only in specially licensed cinemas, or supplied only in licensed sex shops, and to adults only) – The R18 category is a special and legally restricted classification primarily for explicit works of consenting sex or strong fetish material involving adults. Films may only be shown to adults in specially licensed cinemas, and video works may be supplied to adults only in licensed sex shops. R18-rated video works may not be supplied by mail order.

Older video works still in circulation may still carry the deprecated Uc label, classifying the work as "Especially suitable for pre-school children."

United States

Main article: Motion Picture Association film rating system

In the United States, film classification is a voluntary process. Ratings are issued by the Motion Picture Association (MPA) through its Classification and Rating Administration (CARA). The system was established in 1968, but the version outlined below is the most recent revision, in effect since 1996. An unrated film is often informally referred to as "NR" in newspapers and other publications.

Current American film ratings, since 1990

The ratings are:

• G (General Audiences) – All ages admitted.
• PG (Parental Guidance Suggested) – Some material may not be suitable for children.
• PG-13 (Parents Strongly Cautioned) – Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
• R (Restricted) – Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.
• NC-17 (Adults Only) – No one 17 and under admitted.

Venezuela

In Venezuela, age ratings are divided into several categories. The specific age corresponding to each category and the level of enforcement are defined by municipal ordinances.

In the San Cristóbal municipality, the following ratings apply:

• AA – Aimed at children under 12 years of age.
• A – Suitable for all ages.
• B – Suitable for audiences aged 12 years or older.
• C – Suitable for audiences aged 16 years or older.
• D – Suitable for audiences aged 18 years or older.

In the Baruta municipality, the following ratings apply:

• A – Suitable for all ages.
• B – Suitable for audiences aged 12 years or older.
• C – Suitable for audiences aged 16 years or older.
• D – Suitable for adults.

In the Maracaibo municipality, children under the age of two are not admitted to performances, and the ratings are enforced:

• A – Suitable for all ages.
• B – Suitable for audiences aged 14 years or older.
• C – Suitable for audiences aged 18 years or older.

Vietnam

All theatrical releases in Vietnam are screened by the Cinema Department of the Ministry of Culture, Sport and Travel to ensure their suitability for public viewing. Regardless of the rating, some scenes may be altered or removed to comply with regulations. The classification system was revised in 2022 to include a parental accompaniment rating.

The current ratings are:

• P (Vietnamese: Phổ cập, lit. 'universal') – Suitable for all ages.
• K – Viewers under 13 years old are admitted provided that they are with their parents or guardians.
• T13 – Viewers under age 13 are not admitted.
• T16 – Viewers under age 16 are not admitted.
• T18 – Viewers under age 18 are not admitted.
• C – Prohibited.

See also

• Television content rating system
• Video game content rating system
• Mobile software content rating system

External links

• IMDb's information about rating systems from all over the world.
• FilmClassifications.com Information regarding film classifications from Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States.
• Australia Australian Classification Board (ACB).
• Austria.
• Denmark Medierådet for Børn og Unge (The Media Council for Children and Young People).
• Finland Finnish Centre for Media Education and Audiovisual Media.
• France Centre National de la Cinématographie (CNC).
• Germany Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft (FSK).
• Iceland Félag rétthafa í sjónvarps- og kvikmyndaiðnaði (FRÍSK).
• India Central Board of Film Certification.
• Irish Archived 2022-07-11 at the Wayback Machine Film Censor's Office.
• Italy Board of Film Classification.
• Japan Administration Commission of Motion Picture Code of Ethics.
• South Korea Korea Media Rating Board (KMRB).
• Malaysia Lembaga Penapisan Filem Malaysia (Malaysia Film Filter Board).
• Netherlands Kijkwijzer (and Nicam).
• New Zealand Office of Film & Literature Classification (OFLC).
• Nigeria National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB).
• Norway Media Authority.
• Philippines Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB).
• Singapore Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA).
• Sweden Statens medieråd.
• South African Film and Publications Board (FPB).
• Spain Instituto de Cinematografía y Artes Audiovisuales - Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts Institute (ICAA).
• United Kingdom British Board of Film Classification (BBFC).
• USA Motion Picture Association (MPA).