User:Petermgrund/sandbox 2
Established churches
[edit]| Country/territory | Church | Denomination | Established | Cit. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Denmark |
Church of Denmark | Lutheran | 1849 | |
 England |
Church of England | Anglican | 1867 | |
 Faroe Islands |
Church of the Faroe Islands | Lutheran | 2007 | [1] |
 Greenland |
Church of Denmark | Lutheran | 1993[a] | [2] |
 Iceland |
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland | Lutheran | 1944 | [3] |
 Liechtenstein |
Roman Catholic Church | Catholic | 1921 | |
 Malta |
Roman Catholic Church | Catholic | ||
 Monaco |
Roman Catholic Church | Catholic | 1999, 2020 | |
 Tuvalu |
Church of Tuvalu | Reformed | 1991 | [4] |
Former established churches
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ As the Diocese of Greenland
- ^ Brazilian Laws – the Federal Constitution – The Organization of State. V-brazil.com. Retrieved 5 May 2012. Brazil had Roman Catholicism as the state religion from the country's independence, in 1822, until the fall of the Brazilian Empire. The new Republican government passed, in 1890, Decree 119-A "Decreto 119-A".
Prohibits federal and state authorities to intervene on religion, granting freedom of religion.
(still in force), instituting the separation of church and state for the first time in Brazilian law. Positivist thinker Demétrio Nunes Ribeiro urged the new government to adopt this stance. The 1891 Constitution, the first under the Republican system of government, abolished privileges for any specific religion, reaffirming the separation of church and state. This has been the case ever since the 1988 Constitution of Brazil, currently in force, does so in its Nineteenth Article. The Preamble to the Constitution does refer to "God's protection" over the document's promulgation, but this is not legally taken as endorsement of belief in any deity. - ^ Following the death of the Ethnarch Makarios III
- ^ In France the Concordat of 1801 made the Roman Catholic, Calvinist, Lutheran churches and Judaism state-sponsored religions until 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State.
- ^ In Hungary the constitutional laws of 1848 declared five established churches on equal status: the Roman Catholic, Calvinist, Lutheran, Eastern Orthodox and Unitarian Church. In 1868 the law was ratified again after the Ausgleich. In 1895 Judaism was also recognized as the sixth established church. In 1948 every distinction between the different denominations were abolished.[8][9]
- ^ In the Kingdom of Ireland the Church of Ireland was established in the Reformation.[10] The Act of Union 1800 created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with the United Church of England and Ireland established outside Scotland. The Irish Church Act 1869 demerged and disestablished the Church of Ireland,[10] and the island was partitioned in 1922. The Republic of Ireland's 1937 constitution prohibits an established religion.[11] Originally, it recognized the "special position" of the Roman Catholic Church "as the guardian of the Faith professed by the great majority of the citizens", and recognized "the Church of Ireland, the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Methodist Church in Ireland, the Religious Society of Friends in Ireland, as well as the Jewish Congregations and the other religious denominations existing in Ireland at the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution".[12] These provisions were deleted in 1973.[13]
- ^ As of 2012 the Constitution of Norway no longer names Lutheranism as the official religion of the state and in 2017 the church became an independent legal entity,[16][17][18] but article 16 says that "The Church of Norway [...] will remain the National Church of Norway and will as such be supported by the State."[19] As of 1 January 2017 the Church of Norway is a legal entity independent of the state.[16][20]
- ^ The Philippines was among several possessions ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898; religious freedom was subsequently guaranteed in the archipelago. This was codified in the Philippine Organic Act (1902), section 5: "... That no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed." A similarly-worded provision still exists in the present Constitution. Catholicism remains the predominant religion, wielding considerable political and cultural influence.
- ^ Article 25 of the constitution states: "1. Churches and other religious organizations shall have equal rights. 2. Public authorities in the Republic of Poland shall be impartial in matters of personal conviction". Article 114 of the Polish March Constitution of 1921 declared the Roman Catholic Church to hold "the principal position among religious denominations equal before the law" (in reference to the idea of first among equals). The article was continued in force by article 81 of the April Constitution of 1935. The Soviet-backed PKWN Manifesto of 1944 reintroduced the March Constitution, which remained in force until it was replaced by the Small Constitution of 1947.
- ^ Until 1910 Roman Catholic Church was considered as state religion. Between 1951 and 1976 Catholic religion was considered as religion of the Portuguese Nation.[citation needed]
- ^ Remains the national church; state control disclaimed since 1638. Formally recognised as not an established church by the Church of Scotland Act 1921.
- ^ The modern Church of Scotland has always disclaimed recognition as an "established" church while remaining the national church. The Church of Scotland Act 1921 formally recognised the Kirk's independence from the state.
- ^ The Church in Wales was split from the Church of England in 1920, by Welsh Church Act 1914; at the same time becoming disestablished.
References
[edit]- ^ "Um Fólkakirkjuna". Fólkakirkjan (in Faroese). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
- ^ "Biskoppen". Kalaallit Nunaanni Ilagiit (in Danish). 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
- ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Iceland". Government of Iceland. 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
- ^ Ferrari, Silvio (3 May 2015). Routledge Handbook of Law and Religion. Routledge. p. 217. ISBN 9781135045555.
Recent trends have moved in opposite directions: while the parliament of Tuvalu in 1991 approved legislation establishing the (Congregationalist) Church of Tuvalu as the State Church, at the end of 2007 Nepal's provisional parliamentary assembly voted to abolish the monarchy whose kings were popularly held to be reincarnations of the Hindu god Vishnu.
- ^ Ian S. Markham et al (2013). The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 138–39. ISBN 9781118320860.
- ^ Curtis Fahey, In His Name: The Anglican Experience in Upper Canada, 1791–1854 (McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 1991).
- ^ John Gunter, Inside Latin America (1941), p. 166
- ^ Constitution of the Republic of Hungary at the Wayback Machine (archived 20 February 2008) (archived from the original on 2008-02-20)
- ^ The right of thought, the freedom of conscience and religion at the Wayback Machine (archived 23 May 2007) (archived from the original on 2007-05-23)
- ^ a b Livingstone, E.A.; Sparks, M. W. D.; Peacocke, R.W. (2013). "Ireland". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. p. 286. ISBN 978-0199659623.
- ^ "Constitution of Ireland". Irish Statute Book. pp. Article 44. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ Keogh, Dermot; McCarthy, Dr. Andrew (2007-01-01). The Making of the Irish Constitution 1937: Bunreacht Na HÉireann. Mercier Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-1856355612.
- ^ "Fifth Amendment of the Constitution Act, 1972". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ Andrea Mammone; Giuseppe A. Veltri (2010). Italy today: the sick man of Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 168 (Note 1). ISBN 978-0415561594.
- ^ John D. Cushing (April 1969). "Notes on Disestablishment in Massachusetts, 1780-1833". The William and Mary Quarterly. 26 (2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 169–190. doi:10.2307/1918674. JSTOR 1918674.
- ^ a b Offisielt frå statsrådet 27. mai 2016 regjeringen.no «Sanksjon av Stortingets vedtak 18. mai 2016 til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Lovvedtak 56 (2015–2016) Lov nr. 17 Delt ikraftsetting av lov 27. mai 2016 om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.). Loven trer i kraft fra 1. januar 2017 med unntak av romertall I § 3 nr. 8 første og fjerde ledd, § 3 nr. 10 annet punktum og § 5 femte ledd, som trer i kraft 1. juli 2016.»
- ^ Rasmussen, Tarald; Bangstad, Sindre; Jacobsen, Knut A.; Groth, Bente (23 April 2018). "religion i Norge" – via Store norske leksikon.
- ^ "2017 – et kirkehistorisk merkeår". Den norske kirke, Kirkerådet. 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
- ^ The Constitution of Norway, Article 16 (English translation, published by the Norwegian Parliament)
- ^ Lovvedtak 56 (2015–2016) Vedtak til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Stortinget.no
- ^ Under the 1967 Constitution, Roman Catholicism was the state religion as stated in Article 6: "The Roman Catholic Apostolic religion is the state religion, without prejudice to religious freedom, which is guaranteed in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. Official relations of the republic with the Holy See shall be governed by concordats or other bilateral agreements." The 1992 Constitution, which replaced the 1967 one, establishes Paraguay as a secular state, as mentioned in section (1) of Article 24: "Freedom of religion, worship, and ideology is recognized without any restrictions other than those established in this Constitution and the law. The State has no official religion."