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War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Part of the war on terror and the Afghan conflict
Seven soldiers in beige tactical gear huddle behind a row of green sandbags on a mountainside, pointing rifles in various directions
A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000-pound munitions
An Afghan National Army soldier in camouflage gear points a rifle over a dirt wall
British soldiers prepare to board a Chinook twin-rotor helicopter landing on a field
An Afghan National Army soldier stands atop a desert-camouflaged Humvee
Taliban soldiers ride a beige Humvee through the streets of Kabul
Soldiers in green camouflage gear trudge through snow during a snowstorm

Clockwise from top-left:
American troops in a firefight with Taliban insurgents in Kunar Province; An American F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000 pound JDAMs on a cave in eastern Afghanistan; an Afghan soldier surveying atop a Humvee; Afghan and American soldiers move through snow in Logar Province; victorious Taliban fighters after securing Kabul; an Afghan soldier surveying a valley in Parwan Province; British troops preparing to board a Chinook during Operation Black Prince
Date7 October 2001 – 30 August 2021
(19 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Afghanistan[a]
Result

Taliban victory[34]

First phase:
Second phase:
Territorial
changes		 Taliban control over Afghanistan increases compared to pre-intervention territory
Belligerents
Invasion (2001):
 Invasion (2001):
ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):
 ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):

RS phase (2015–2021):

ISIL–KP (from 2015)[30]
  • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (since 2015)[31]
Commanders and leaders
List
List
Strength
ISIL–KP: 3,500–4,000 (2018, in Afghanistan)[54]
Casualties and losses

Taliban insurgents:
80,000+ killed[69] (2,000+ al-Qaeda fighters)[51]

ISIL–KP:
2,400+ killed[30]
  • a The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.[72]
  • b The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of May 2017.[73]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Operation Enduring Freedom Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  2. ^ Crosby, Ron (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-67-007424-2.
  3. ^ "News – Resolute Support Mission". NATO. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  4. ^ McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (27 October 2001). "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian.
  5. ^ Leigh, Neville (2015). Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military). Osprey. p. 48. ISBN 978-1472807908.
  6. ^ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001–2014)". NATO. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  7. ^ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). NATO.
  8. ^ Multiple sources:
  9. ^ a b "Local Officials Criticized for Silence on Shindand Strike". TOLOnews. 11 January 2020.
  10. ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan (December 3, 2015). "CIA runs shadow war with Afghan militia implicated in civilian killings". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  11. ^ Joscelyn, Thomas; Roggio, Bill (31 July 2015). "The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  12. ^ Hardaha, Rashi (2021-07-24). "Al-Qaeda operates under Taliban protection: UN report". India TV News. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  13. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 May 2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  14. ^ "Taliban storm Kunduz city". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  16. ^ "Who is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?". Voice of America. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  17. ^ "ISIS 'Outsources' Terror Attacks to the Pakistani Taliban in Afghanistan: U.N. Report". Newsweek. 15 August 2017.
  18. ^ Multiple sources:
  19. ^ Jamal, Umair (23 May 2020). "Understanding Pakistan's Take on India-Taliban Talks". The Diplomat.
  20. ^ Farmer, Ben (26 August 2020). "Pakistan urges Taliban to get on with Afghan government talks". The National.
  21. ^ Multiple sources:
  22. ^ Noorzai, Roshan; Sahinkaya, Ezel; Gul Sarwan, Rahim (3 July 2020). "Afghan Lawmakers: Russian Support to Taliban No Secret". Voice of America.
  23. ^ "Russian ambassador denies Moscow supporting Taliban". Reuters. 25 April 2016.
  24. ^ "Saudis Bankroll Taliban, Even as King Officially Supports Afghan Government". The New York Times. 12 June 2016.
  25. ^ Ramani, Samuel (7 September 2017). "What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?". The Diplomat.
  26. ^ "Qatar's Dirty Hands". National Review. 3 August 2017.
  27. ^ "Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy". Pajhwok Afghan News. 7 August 2017.
  28. ^ "China offered Afghan militants bounties to attack US soldiers: reports". Deutsche Welle. 31 December 2020.
  29. ^ Gittleson, Ben (1 January 2021). "US investigating unconfirmed intel that China offered bounties on American troops". ABC7 San Francisco. A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry, Wang Wenbin, on Thursday denied the accusation, calling it a 'smear and slander against China' that was 'completely nonsense' and 'fake news'.
  30. ^ a b Seldin, Jeff (18 November 2017). "Afghan Officials: Islamic State Fighters Finding Sanctuary in Afghanistan". Voice of America. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  31. ^ "A look at the Islamic State affiliate's rise in Afghanistan". AP News. 19 August 2019.
  32. ^ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Katzenberg, Lauren (2021-08-30). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  33. ^ Burns, Robert; Baldor, Lolita C. (August 31, 2021). "Last troops exit Afghanistan, ending America's longest war". AP News. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  34. ^ Multiple sources:
  35. ^ Khan, Tahir (16 May 2021). "Rebel Taliban leader dies of injuries days after attack". Daily Times.
  36. ^ "Taliban leader Mullah Omar died in a Karachi hospital in 2013, says Afghanistan". The Express Tribune. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  37. ^ a b "Mullah Najibullah: Too Radical for the Taliban". Newsweek. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  38. ^ "Who Is the New Leader of Islamic State-Khorasan Province?". Lawfare. September 2, 2020.
  39. ^ Shalizi, Hamid (April 7, 2018). "Afghan air strike kills Islamic State commander". Reuters.
  40. ^ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". NATO. May 30, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  41. ^ "July 30, 2021 Quarterly Report to Congress" (PDF). Sigar. 30 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  42. ^ "NATO and Afghanistan RSM Placemats Archive". NATO. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  43. ^ Peters, Heidi (February 22, 2021). "Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007–2020" (PDF). United States: Congressional Research Service. CRS Report R44116. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  44. ^ DuPée, Matthew (January 2018). "Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence". Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  45. ^ Mashal, Mujib (December 31, 2018). "C.I.A.'s Afghan Forces Leave a Trail of Abuse and Anger". The New York Times.
  46. ^ Hollingsworth, Julia. "Who are the Taliban and how did they take control of Afghanistan so swiftly?". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  47. ^ Rassler, Don; Brown, Vahid (14 July 2011). "The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida" (PDF). Harmony Program. Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  48. ^ "Sirajuddin Haqqani dares US to attack N Waziristan". The Express Tribune. Reuters. September 24, 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  49. ^ Perlez, Jane (14 December 2009). "Rebuffing U.S., Pakistan Balks at Crackdown". The New York Times.
  50. ^ Gunaratna, Rohan; Woodall, Douglas, eds. (16 January 2015). Afghanistan after the Western Drawdown. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442245068. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  51. ^ a b c "In Afghanistan, al-Qaeda is working more closely with the Taliban, Pentagon says". The Washington Post. 6 May 2016.
  52. ^ Roggio, Bill (26 April 2011). "How many al Qaeda operatives are now left in Afghanistan? – Threat Matrix". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  53. ^ "Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Is Attempting A Comeback". The Huffington Post. 21 October 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  54. ^ "S/2018/705 - E - S/2018/705 -Desktop". UNDOCS.
  55. ^ "Exhausted and abandoned: why Afghanistan's army collapsed". The Express Tribune. September 7, 2021.
  56. ^ a b c d "Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022". The Costs of War. August 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  57. ^ "Scores Killed in Fresh Kunduz Fighting". Fox News. 26 November 2001. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  58. ^ Morello, Carol; Loeb, Vernon (6 December 2001). "Friendly fire kills 3 GIs". Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  59. ^ McCarthy, Terry (18 November 2001). "A Volatile State of Siege After a Taliban Ambush". Time. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  60. ^ Gul, Ayaz (9 December 2001). "Afghan/Fighting (L-O)". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  61. ^ "US Bombs Wipe Out Farming Village". Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  62. ^ "Afghanistan statistics: UK deaths, casualties, mission costs and refugees" (PDF). United Kingdom: House of Commons. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  63. ^ "Casualty Status" (PDF). United States: Department of Defense.
  64. ^ "Number of Afghanistan UK Military and Civilian casualties (7 October 2001 to 30 November 2014)" (PDF). GOV.UK. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  65. ^ "Canadian Forces' Casualty Statistics (Afghanistan)". Canada News Center. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  66. ^ "Over 2,000 Canadians were wounded in Afghan mission: report". National Post. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  67. ^ a b "Defense Base Act Case Summary by Nation". United States: Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department of Labor. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  68. ^ a b Miller, T. Christian (23 September 2009). "U.S. Government Private Contract Worker Deaths and Injuries". Pro Publica. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  69. ^ Cite error: The named reference Giustozzi 260–263 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  70. ^ "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – March 2023); Syria (Sept. 2014 – March 2023); Yemen (Oct. 2002 – Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". Watson Institute, Brown University. March 2023.
  71. ^ "Afghanistan". Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 2024-12-03.
  72. ^ "International Security Assistance Force (ISAF): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). NATO. 7 November 2014.
  73. ^ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). NATO.


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