User:Dyskko/Ngorongoro Conservation Area
Ngorongoro Conservation Area - Sandbox for edits
[edit]Opening Paragraph
[edit]
Fixed! There's also a problem with an anchor link. We want the link to go from NCA to the Great Migration section of the Serengeti article. If I can fix this, I can remove a huge block of yellow text from the talk page.
In general, if the intended target of an anchor is a section title, then it should be placed at the end of the section header by substitution:
== Section header{{subst:anchor|Anchor name}} ==
which will be saved in the article as:
== Section header<span class="anchor" id="Anchor name"></span> ==
On the NCA article: The area comprising the NCA, SNP, and Kenya's Maasai Mara game reserve is home to Great Migration, a massive annual migration of millions of wildebeest, zebras, gazelles, and other animals.
On the Serengeti article: Update the header to this
== Great migration{{subst:anchor|Great migration}} ==
Wildlife
[edit][1]Nature published article aug 2025 about genetic risk and population numbers for lions
[2]The Citizen 2025 White rhinos relocated to Ngorongoro ATTTA 2025 same topic
[3]Research Gate 2020 Population trends 1995 to 2018
[4]Google Books Animals of the Serengeti 2014 I can only see the first few pages. There is a comprehensive list of animals in the table of contents. Someday, I will go to NCA and I will need this book.
https://www.tawiri.or.tz/serengeti-center/The Serengeti Center collates research about the entire serengeti ecosystem. Is this the source of the german in history section? first research work was initiated by the Germany scientist Prof. Bernhard Grizmek in 1950s. In 1963 the Serengeti Research Institute (SRI) was formed under Tanzania National Parks.
[5]NCAA census
History and geography (changes finalized on document 5/19)
[edit]The name of the crater has an onomatopoeic origin; it was named by the Maasai pastoralists after the sound produced by the cowbell (ngoro ngoro). [citation needed] Based on fossil evidence OH 7 found at the Olduvai Gorge, various hominid species have occupied the area for approximately 1.75 million years.[6]
Hunter-gatherers were replaced by pastoralists a few thousand years ago. The Iraqw people came to the area about 2,000 years ago and were joined by the Datooga around the year 1700. Both groups were driven from the area by the Maasai in the 1800s.
No Europeans are known to have set foot in the Ngorongoro Crater until 1892 when it was visited by Oscar Baumann.[7] Two German brothers (Adolph and Friedrich Siedentopf) farmed in the crater until the outbreak of World War I, after leasing the land from the administration of German East Africa. The brothers regularly organized shooting parties to entertain their German friends. They also attempted to drive the wildebeest herds out of the crater.[citation needed]
The first game reserves were established by Germans and allowed hunting. Under British rule, various game preservation ordinances which restricted hunting were enacted in various areas in Tanzania (then Tanganyika) starting in 1921. By 1930, Ngorongoro Crater was included.[8] Also during this time, the Land Ordinance of 1923 created legal basis to place the land rights of indigenous people at the discretion of the Governor, though indigenous people retained those rights through the 1950's. Tensions between the drive for preservation and the rights indigenous people continued to rise during this time.[8]
The National Park Ordinance of 1948 (implemented in 1951) created the Serengeti National Park (SNP).[9] However, to secure land rights for the pastoralist Maasai people living in the area, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ordinance (1959) separated the NCA from the SNP. Maasai people living in Serengeti National Park were systematically relocated to Ngorongoro Conservation Area, increasing the population of Maasai people living there.[10][11]
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) manages the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and works to preserve it as a multi-use protected area. The NCAA's missing is to support the traditions of pastoral Maasai people, preserve the natural and cultural values of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, and to promote and requlate tourism[12]
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, originally inscribed for its natural significance of wildlife and the Ngorongoro Crater. The NCA then received Mixed Heritage Status in 2010 due to the cultural significance of the anthropological signficance of the Olduvai Gorge.[13]
The Wildlife Conservation Act of 2009 further restricted human use of Ngorongoro Crater and created a legal framework to politically disenfranchise and forcibly displace traditional pastoralists.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is seeking solutions to ease conflict and improve collaborative efforts toward conservation with the locals.
Citing concerns about the preservation of the natural value of the NCA, starting in 2021, the Tanzanian government designed and then started implementing a plan to relocate all of the Maasai people in Ngorongoro Conservation area to Msomera, a village 600 kilometers away. This is considered a voluntary relocation, however, there are reports that the government has acted in a coercive manner that is not consistent with the cultural values of the Maasai people.[14]
Geography
[edit][15]Human Rights Watch 2024 Relocation of Maasai from Ngorongoro est 2021 Map Insert!
The area is part of the Serengeti ecosystem and, to the northwest, adjoins the SNP and is contiguous with the southern Serengeti plains. These plains also extend to the north into the unprotected Loliondo division and are kept open to wildlife through transhumance pastoralism practiced by the Maasai. The south and west of the area are volcanic highlands, including the famous Ngorongoro Crater and the lesser-known Empakaai Crater. The southern and eastern boundaries are approximately defined by the rim of the East African Rift wall, which also prevents animal migration in these directions.[citation needed]
[16]Global Conservation map helpful for describing area
CC map says I can alter it - I'd change the color for the NCA so you can read the text. Purple maybe? Lighter gray? But I'm not really sure how to do that right now.
Another map that includes the east african rift.Lake victoria and Lake Nyanza are the same lake.
Threats to the conservation area (has been updated on article 5/14/25)
[edit]The 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (ICUN) World Heritage Outlook [17] identifies these concerns for the continued successful protection of Ngorongoro Conservation Area:
- Population increase of the pastoralist Maasai people
- Tourism and visitation management
- Sustainable finance
The NCA is unique because it is the only conservation area in Tanzania that protects wildlife while allowing human habitation. Land use by the pastoralist Maasai people who live in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area is controlled to prevent negative effects on the wildlife population. For example, cultivation is prohibited at all but subsistence levels.[18]
In 1966, the population of Maasai living in NCA was approximately 8,700. By 2017, the population had grown to 93,136 and it is projected to rise to 161,000 by 2027.[17]This population increase is the root cause of other concerns including: increased livestock population and potential for overgrazing beyond the carrying capacity of the environment, unsustainable use of lumber from the land to build dwellings and other buildings, and the potential for reduction of scenic views due to this construction.[17][19]
A potential solution to this issue involves the voluntary resettlement of Maasai to the village of Msomera 600 kilometers (370 miles) away. Efforts for this move started in 2021. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority provides funds to those who choose to move, and the Maasai who move are also provided land for their homes, crops, and livestock.[20]
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, which manages and preserves the Ngorongoro Conservation Area relies highly on funding from tourism to maintain the NCA and disburse revenue-sharing to resident communities.[17][20] Any fluctuation in tourism could negatively affect this income. New tourism records were reported in 2024 with a total of 752,232 visitors for the 2022/23 fiscal year.[21]
Tourist visits are concentrated on the Ngorongoro Crater which takes up only a small part of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. To reduce traffic to the crater, higher fees have been imposed per visiting vehicle, the number of vehicles allowed in the crater at one time is limited to 50, and vehicles are encouraged to carry more passengers. Tourist facilities are required to comply with various limitations to minimize impact.[17]
- ^ Dussex, Nicolas; Jansson, Ingela; van der Valk, Tom; Packer, Craig; Norman, Anita; Kissui, Bernard M.; E. Mjingo, Ernest; Spong, Göran (2025-04-21). "Constraints to gene flow increase the risk of genome erosion in the Ngorongoro Crater lion population". Communications Biology. 8 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07986-0. ISSN 2399-3642.
- ^ "18 South African white rhinos get safe abode in Tanzania". The Citizen. 2025-03-05. Retrieved 2025-05-05.
- ^ "(PDF) Population trends in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area since 1995 to 2018". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2025-01-13. Retrieved 2025-05-05.
- ^ Kennedy, Adam Scott; Beard, Vicki (2014-03-12). Animals of the Serengeti: And Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5138-6.
- ^ "Wild Animals – Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA)". Retrieved 2025-05-07.
- ^ "OH 7", Wikipedia, 2025-03-10, retrieved 2025-05-15
- ^ Briggs, Philip (2006). Tanzania: With Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-153-1.
- ^ a b Nelson, Fred; Nshala, Rugemeleza; Rodgers, W. A. (2007-06). "The Evolution and Reform of Tanzanian Wildlife Management". Conservation and Society. 5 (2): 232. ISSN 0972-4923.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "About NCAA – Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA)". Retrieved 2025-05-15.
- ^ "Serengeti National Park travel information - Tanzania". serengeti.com. Retrieved 2025-05-15.
- ^ Marchant, Rob (2022-01-13). East Africa’s Human Environment Interactions: Historical Perspectives for a Sustainable Future. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-88987-6.
- ^ "Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority :: Welcome". www.ngorongorocrater.org. Retrieved 2025-05-15.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Ngorongoro Conservation Area". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2025-05-05.
- ^ Nnoko, Juliana (2024-07-31). ""It's Like Killing Culture"". Human Rights Watch.
- ^ Nnoko, Juliana (2024-07-31). ""It's Like Killing Culture"". Human Rights Watch.
- ^ "Ngorongoro World Heritage Site, Tanzania". Global Conservation. Retrieved 2025-05-05.
- ^ a b c d e "Ngorongoro Conservation Area | World Heritage Outlook". worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ^ Boone, Randall B.; Galvin, Kathleen A.; Thornton, Philip K.; Swift, David M.; Coughenour, Michael B. (2006-12-01). "Cultivation and Conservation in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania". Human Ecology. 34 (6): 809–828. doi:10.1007/s10745-006-9031-3. ISSN 1572-9915.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Document - Report of the joint World Heritage Centre/IUCN/ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring misisopn to Ngorongoro Conservation Areas (United Republic of Tanzania), 4-9 March 2019". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ^ a b "Ngorongoro to Msomera: A leap of faith for Maasai, a giant leap for mankind". The EastAfrican. 2024-11-29. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ^ "NCAA sets new tourists, revenue records – Daily News". Retrieved 2025-05-14.