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User:Don Lope/Sandbox Wimbledon

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A man, with a modern racket in his right hand and a tennis ball in his left hand, prepares to serve
American Pete Sampras won a record seven titles without the challenge round, from 1993 to 1995 and 1997 to 2000.

The Championships, Wimbledon is an annual tennis tournament created in 1877 and played on outdoor grass courts[a][1] at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) in the Wimbledon suburb of London, United Kingdom.[2] The Gentlemen's Singles was the first event contested in 1877.[3] Wimbledon is played in the last week of June and the first week of July, and has been chronologically the third of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[2] The event was not held from 1915 to 1918 because of World War I and again from 1940 to 1945 because of World War II.[4]

The Gentlemen's Singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1878 until 1921, the event started with a knockout phase, the All Comers' Singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All Comers' winner was automatically awarded the title six times (1879, 1887, 1891, 1895, 1907, 1908) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1922 edition.[5] Since the first championships, all matches have been played at the best-of-five sets. Between 1877 and 1883, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All Comers' final, and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. All sets were decided in this advantage format from 1884 to 1970.[5] The lingering death best-of-12 points tie-break was introduced in 1971 for the first four sets, played at eight games – all until 1978 and at six games – all since 1979.[5][6][7]

Since 1949, the Gentlemen's Singles champion has received a miniature replica of the event's trophy, a silver-gilt cup created in 1887 with the engraved inscription: "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World".[8] New singles champions are traditionally elected honorary members of the AELTC by the club's committee.[b][9] In 2009, the Gentlemen's Singles winner received prize money of £850,000.[10]

William Renshaw (winner, 1881–1886, 1889) and Pete Sampras (winner, 1993–1995, 1997–2000) hold the all-time record for most titles in the Gentlemen's Singles, with seven victories each. Six of Renshaw's wins, however, came within the challenge round format, and he won the event only twice after going through a complete draw. Renshaw also holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with six from 1881 to 1886. Without the challenge round, the record stands at five, and is co-held by Björn Borg (1976–1980) and Roger Federer (2003–2007).[4]

Champions

[edit]
A man in white, with long pants and a sweater, holding a wooden racket in his right hand, looks into the camera
Anthony Wilding was the first multiple-time champion from overseas.
A man in white, with long pants, a shirt and a black beret, jumps in the air holding a wooden racket in his right hand
Jean Borotra titled in 1924 and 1926.
A black-haired man in a white shirt and a black sweater poses for the camera
'Musketeer' René Lacoste won in 1925 and 1928.
A black-haired man all dressed in white, holding a wooden racket in his right hand
Henri Cochet won two of his three Wimbledon finals.
A man in white, with long pants and a shirt, swings a racket with his right hand on a grass court
Jack Crawford won Wimbledon in 1933.
A man in a black suit and tie poses for a portrait
Lew Hoad won twice, in 1956 and 1957.
A man dressed in white, with shorts and a polo shirt, with a wooden racket in his left hand, bends his knees in front of a tennis net, on a grass court
Rod Laver took four titles at Wimbledon.
A brown-haired man dressed in a white shirt swings a two-handed backhand
Jimmy Connors won two out of the six finals he played at Wimbledon.
A grey-haired man in a grey suit and tie raises his left hand
John McEnroe took three singles titles at Wimbledon.
A blonde, bearded man in a white and red polo shirt swings his arm during a tennis rally
Boris Becker won three of the seven finals he reached.
A brown-haired man in a white polo shirt raises his left arm, preparing to serve
Roger Federer won six Wimbledon championships.
Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊
No competition •
Year[c] Country Champion Country Runner-up Score in the final
1877 BRI[d] Spencer Gore BRI William Marshall 6–1, 6–2, 6–4
1878 BRI Frank Hadow ‡ BRI Spencer Gore 7–5, 6–1, 9–7
1879 BRI John Hartley ◊ BRI Vere St. Leger Goold 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1880 BRI John Hartley † BRI Herbert Lawford 6–3, 6–2, 2–6, 6–3
1881 BRI William Renshaw ‡ BRI John Hartley 6–0, 6–1, 6–1
1882 BRI William Renshaw † BRI Ernest Renshaw 6–1, 2–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1883 BRI William Renshaw † BRI Ernest Renshaw 2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3
1884 BRI William Renshaw † BRI Herbert Lawford 6–0, 6–4, 9–7
1885 BRI William Renshaw † BRI Herbert Lawford 7–5, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5
1886 BRI William Renshaw † BRI Herbert Lawford 6–0, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4
1887 BRI Herbert Lawford ◊ BRI Ernest Renshaw 1–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
1888 BRI Ernest Renshaw ‡ BRI Herbert Lawford 6–3, 7–5, 6–0
1889 BRI William Renshaw ‡ BRI Ernest Renshaw 6–4, 6–1, 3–6, 6–0
1890 BRI Willoughby Hamilton ‡ BRI William Renshaw 6–8, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–1
1891 BRI Wilfred Baddeley ◊ BRI Joshua Pim 6–4, 1–6, 7–5, 6–0
1892 BRI Wilfred Baddeley † BRI Joshua Pim 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–2
1893 BRI Joshua Pim ‡ BRI Wilfred Baddeley 3–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1894 BRI Joshua Pim † BRI Wilfred Baddeley 10–8, 6–2, 8–6
1895 BRI Wilfred Baddeley ◊ BRI Wilberforce Eaves 4–6, 2–6, 8–6, 6–2, 6–3
1896 BRI Harold Mahony ‡ BRI Wilfred Baddeley 6–2, 6–8, 5–7, 8–6, 6–3
1897 BRI Reginald Doherty ‡ BRI Harold Mahony 6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1898 BRI Reginald Doherty † BRI Lawrence Doherty 6–3, 6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1
1899 BRI Reginald Doherty † BRI Arthur Gore 1–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–3
1900 BRI Reginald Doherty † BRI Sydney Smith 6–8, 6–3, 6–1, 6–2
1901 BRI Arthur Gore ‡ BRI Reginald Doherty 4–6, 7–5, 6–4, 6–4
1902 BRI Lawrence Doherty ‡ BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 6–3, 3–6, 6–0
1903 BRI Lawrence Doherty † BRI Frank Riseley 7–5, 6–3, 6–0
1904 BRI Lawrence Doherty † BRI Frank Riseley 6–1, 7–5, 8–6
1905 BRI Lawrence Doherty † AUS Norman Brookes 8–6, 6–2, 6–4
1906 BRI Lawrence Doherty † BRI Frank Riseley 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3
1907 AUS Norman Brookes ◊ BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
1908 BRI Arthur Gore ◊ BRI Herbert Barrett 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 3–6, 6–4
1909 BRI Arthur Gore † BRI Josiah Ritchie 6–8, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1910 NZL Anthony Wilding ‡ BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 7–5, 4–6, 6–2
1911 NZL Anthony Wilding † BRI Herbert Barrett 6–4, 4–6, 2–6, 6–2, retired[e]
1912 NZL Anthony Wilding † BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4
1913 NZL Anthony Wilding † USA Maurice McLoughlin 8–6, 6–3, 10–8
1914 AUS Norman Brookes ‡ NZL Anthony Wilding 6–4, 6–4, 7–5
1915 — None •[f] — — —
1916 — None • — — —
1917 — None • — — —
1918 — None • — — —
1919 AUS Gerald Patterson ‡ AUS Norman Brookes 6–3, 7–5, 6–2
1920 USA Bill Tilden ‡ AUS Gerald Patterson 2–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
1921 USA Bill Tilden † RSA Brian Norton 4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 7–5
1922 AUS Gerald Patterson BRI Randolph Lycett 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1923 USA Bill Johnston USA Francis Hunter 6–0, 6–3, 6–1
1924 FRA Jean Borotra FRA René Lacoste 6–1, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–4
1925 FRA René Lacoste FRA Jean Borotra 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 8–6
1926 FRA Jean Borotra USA Howard Kinsey 8–6, 6–1, 6–3
1927 FRA Henri Cochet FRA Jean Borotra 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5
1928 FRA René Lacoste FRA Henri Cochet 6–1, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1929 FRA Henri Cochet FRA Jean Borotra 6–4, 6–3, 6–4
1930 USA Bill Tilden USA Wilmer Allison 6–3, 9–7, 6–4
1931 USA Sidney Wood USA Frank Shields walkover[g]
1932 USA Ellsworth Vines GBR Henry Austin 6–2, 6–2, 6–0
1933 AUS Jack Crawford USA Ellsworth Vines 4–6, 11–9, 6–2, 2–6, 6–4
1934 GBR Fred Perry AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 6–0, 7–5
1935 GBR Fred Perry GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1936 GBR Fred Perry GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 6–1, 6–0
1937 USA Don Budge GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1938 USA Don Budge GBR Henry Austin 6–1, 6–0, 6–3
1939 USA Bobby Riggs USA Elwood Cooke 2–6, 8–6, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1940 — None •[h] — — —
1941 — None • — — —
1942 — None • — — —
1943 — None • — — —
1944 — None • — — —
1945 — None • — — —
1946 FRA Yvon Petra AUS Geoff Brown 6–2, 6–4, 7–9, 5–7, 6–4
1947 USA Jack Kramer USA Tom Brown 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1948 USA Bob Falkenburg AUS John Bromwich 7–5, 0–6, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5
1949 USA Ted Schroeder TCH Jaroslav Drobný 3–6, 6–0, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4
1950 USA Budge Patty AUS Frank Sedgman 6–1, 8–10, 6–2, 6–3
1951 USA Dick Savitt AUS Ken McGregor 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1952 AUS Frank Sedgman EGY Jaroslav Drobný 4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–2
1953 USA Vic Seixas DEN Kurt Nielsen 9–7, 6–3, 6–4
1954 EGY Jaroslav Drobný AUS Ken Rosewall 13–11, 4–6, 6–2, 9–7
1955 USA Tony Trabert DEN Kurt Nielsen 6–3, 7–5, 6–1
1956 AUS Lew Hoad AUS Ken Rosewall 6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–4
1957 AUS Lew Hoad AUS Ashley Cooper 6–2, 6–1, 6–2
1958 AUS Ashley Cooper AUS Neale Fraser 3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 13–11
1959 USA[i] Alex Olmedo AUS Rod Laver 6–4, 6–3, 6–4
1960 AUS Neale Fraser AUS Rod Laver 6–4, 3–6, 9–7, 7–5
1961 AUS Rod Laver USA Chuck McKinley 6–3, 6–1, 6–4
1962 AUS Rod Laver AUS Martin Mulligan 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
1963 USA Chuck McKinley AUS Fred Stolle 9–7, 6–1, 6–4
1964 AUS Roy Emerson AUS Fred Stolle 6–4, 12–10, 4–6, 6–3
1965 AUS Roy Emerson AUS Fred Stolle 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1966 ESP Manuel Santana USA Dennis Ralston 6–4, 11–9, 6–4
1967 AUS John Newcombe FRG Wilhelm Bungert 6–3, 6–1, 6–1
1968 AUS Rod Laver[j] AUS Tony Roche 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1969 AUS Rod Laver AUS John Newcombe 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4
1970 AUS John Newcombe AUS Ken Rosewall 5–7, 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1
1971 AUS John Newcombe USA Stan Smith 6–3, 5–7, 2–6, 6–4, 6–4
1972 USA Stan Smith ROU Ilie Năstase 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5
1973 TCH Jan Kodeš URS Alex Metreveli 6–1, 9–8(7–5), 6–3
1974 USA Jimmy Connors AUS Ken Rosewall 6–1, 6–1, 6–4
1975 USA Arthur Ashe USA Jimmy Connors 6–1, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4
1976 SWE Björn Borg ROU Ilie Năstase 6–4, 6–2, 9–7
1977 SWE Björn Borg USA Jimmy Connors 3–6, 6–2, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4
1978 SWE Björn Borg USA Jimmy Connors 6–2, 6–2, 6–3
1979 SWE Björn Borg USA Roscoe Tanner 6–7(4–7), 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4
1980 SWE Björn Borg USA John McEnroe 1–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–7(16–18), 8–6
1981 USA John McEnroe SWE Björn Borg 4–6, 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1982 USA Jimmy Connors USA John McEnroe 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4
1983 USA John McEnroe NZL Chris Lewis 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1984 USA John McEnroe USA Jimmy Connors 6–1, 6–1, 6–2
1985 FRG Boris Becker USA Kevin Curren 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4
1986 FRG Boris Becker TCH Ivan Lendl 6–4, 6–3, 7–5
1987 AUS Pat Cash TCH Ivan Lendl 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–5
1988 SWE Stefan Edberg FRG Boris Becker 4–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–2
1989 FRG Boris Becker SWE Stefan Edberg 6–0, 7–6(7–1), 6–4
1990 SWE Stefan Edberg GER Boris Becker 6–2, 6–2, 3–6, 3–6, 6–4
1991 GER Michael Stich GER Boris Becker 6–4, 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1992 USA Andre Agassi CRO Goran Ivanišević 6–7(8–10), 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4
1993 USA Pete Sampras USA Jim Courier 7–6(7–3), 7–6(8–6), 3–6, 6–3
1994 USA Pete Sampras CRO Goran Ivanišević 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–5), 6–0
1995 USA Pete Sampras GER Boris Becker 6–7(5–7), 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1996 NED Richard Krajicek USA MaliVai Washington 6–3, 6–4, 6–3
1997 USA Pete Sampras FRA Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1998 USA Pete Sampras CRO Goran Ivanišević 6–7(2–7), 7–6(11–9), 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
1999 USA Pete Sampras USA Andre Agassi 6–3, 6–4, 7–5
2000 USA Pete Sampras AUS Patrick Rafter 6–7(10–12), 7–6(7–5), 6–4, 6–2
2001 CRO Goran Ivanišević AUS Patrick Rafter 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7
2002 AUS Lleyton Hewitt ARG David Nalbandian 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
2003  SUI Roger Federer AUS Mark Philippoussis 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–6(7–3)
2004  SUI Roger Federer USA Andy Roddick 4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
2005  SUI Roger Federer USA Andy Roddick 6–2, 7–6(7–2), 6–4
2006  SUI Roger Federer ESP Rafael Nadal 6–0, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(7–2), 6–3
2007  SUI Roger Federer ESP Rafael Nadal 7–6(9–7), 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 2–6, 6–2
2008 ESP Rafael Nadal  SUI Roger Federer 6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(8–10), 9–7
2009  SUI Roger Federer USA Andy Roddick 5–7, 7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 16–14

Statistical information

[edit]
A crowded tennis stadium, with a grasscourt at its centre, under a bright, blue sky
The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club's Centre Court has held all Gentlemen's Singles finals since 1922.[11]
Two men dressed in white, seen from a distance, play on a grasscourt in a crowded stadium, at dusk
The 2008 final, at four hours and forty-eight minutes, is the longest in Wimbledon's history.[12]
A black board featuring the year of every Wimbledon championship next to the name of its winner
List of champions, as of 2008, in the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum
A golden trophy, in the shape of a loving-cup, next to a silver plate
The Gentlemen's Singles trophy (left), and the Ladies' Singles plate (right)

Multiple champions

[edit]
Title defended in the challenge round
Active player +
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
 William Renshaw (BRI) 7 0 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889
 Pete Sampras (USA) 0 7 7 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
 Roger Federer (SUI) + 0 6 6 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
 Björn Borg (SWE) 0 5 5 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980
 Lawrence Doherty (BRI) 5 0 5 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906
 Reginald Doherty (BRI) 4 0 4 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900
 Rod Laver (AUS) 2 2 4 1961, 1962, 1968, 1969
 Anthony Wilding (NZL) 4 0 4 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913
 Wilfred Baddeley (BRI) 3 0 3 1891, 1892, 1895
 Boris Becker (GER) 0 3 3 1985, 1986, 1989
 Arthur Gore (BRI) 3 0 3 1901, 1908, 1909
 John McEnroe (USA) 0 3 3 1981, 1983, 1984
 John Newcombe (AUS) 1 2 3 1967, 1970, 1971
 Fred Perry (GBR) 3 0 3 1934, 1935, 1936
 Bill Tilden (USA) 3 0 3 1920, 1921, 1930
 Jean Borotra (FRA) 2 0 2 1924, 1926
 Norman Brookes (AUS) 2 0 2 1907, 1914
 Don Budge (USA) 2 0 2 1937, 1938
 Henri Cochet (FRA) 2 0 2 1927, 1929
 Jimmy Connors (USA) 0 2 2 1974, 1982
 Stefan Edberg (SWE) 0 2 2 1988, 1990
 Roy Emerson (AUS) 2 0 2 1964, 1965
 John Hartley (BRI) 2 0 2 1879, 1880
 Lew Hoad (AUS) 2 0 2 1956, 1957
 René Lacoste (FRA) 2 0 2 1925, 1928
 Gerald Patterson (AUS) 2 0 2 1919, 1922
 Joshua Pim (BRI) 2 0 2 1893, 1894

Champions by country

[edit]
Former country ¤
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
 United Kingdom (UK)[d][k] 35 0 35 1877 1936
 United States (USA) 18 15 33 1920 2000
 Australia (AUS) 15 6 21 1907 2002
 France (FRA) 7 0 7 1924 1946
 Sweden (SWE) 0 7 7 1976 1990
  Switzerland (SUI) 0 6 6 2003 2009
 Germany (GER)[l] 0 4 4 1985 1991
 New Zealand (NZL) 4 0 4 1910 1913
 Spain (ESP) 1 1 2 1966 2008
 Croatia (CRO) 0 1 1 2001 2001
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[m] 0 1 1 1973 1973
 Egypt (EGY) 1 0 1 1954 1954
 Netherlands (NED) 0 1 1 1996 1996

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
  • "Men's Singles Finals". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  • "Grand Slam Tournaments - Wimbledon" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  • "Wimbledon-List of Wimbledon men's singles champions". ESPN.com. Reuters. 2009-07-05. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
Specific
  1. ^ "FAQ - Grass Courts" (PDF). wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  2. ^ a b "Tournament profile - Wimbledon". atpworldtour.com. Association of Tennis Professionals. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  3. ^ a b "About Wimbledon - History: History". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Men's Singles Finals". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  5. ^ a b c Barrett, John (1986). 100 Wimbledon Championships: A Celebration. Collins Willow. ISBN 978-0-00218-220-1.
  6. ^ Roberts, John (1998-08-05). "Tennis: Fast, fan friendly - but full of faults". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  7. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  8. ^ "About Wimbledon - History: The trophies". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  9. ^ "About Wimbledon - Behind the scenes: The All England Lawn Tennis Club". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  10. ^ "2009 Prize Money" (PDF). wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  11. ^ "A Centre Court Celebration - The history of Centre Court". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  12. ^ "Nadal outlasts Federer in epic final to halt streak at five". ESPN.com. Associated Press. 2008-97-06. Retrieved 2009-07-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Harman, Neil (2009-04-22). "No more soaked strawberries - Centre Court, Wimbledon, gets a roof". The Times. Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
  14. ^ "Jolly snub for McEnroe; he's refused All-England". St. Petersburg Times. United Press International. 1981-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  15. ^ Zenilman, Avi (2009-06-24). "Back Issues: McEnroe vs. Thatcher". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  16. ^ a b "History - Rolls of Honour: Country abbreviations". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  17. ^ Myers, Arthur Wallis (1916). Captain Anthony Wilding. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0548886885. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  18. ^ Henderson, Jon (2009-01-15). "Sidney Wood - First and only player to win Wimbledon on a walkover". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  19. ^ "Art Ashe, Graebner in Wimbledon Semis". The Spokesman-Review. 1968-07-03. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
[edit]
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