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SZRP

Military service and recruitment

By law, military service is the primary way of fulfilling one’s obligation to defend the country put by the Constitution on the Polish citizens permanently residing in Poland. Since [year] conscription has been suspended and in [year] was abolished.

Types of military service:

• active military service
  • basic military service
    • compulsory
    • voluntary
  • territorial military service
  • professional military service
  • pre-assigned reserve on the days of duty
  • non-assigned reserve during military exercise
  • military service during mobilization and wartime
• military reserve
  • pre-assigned
  • non-assigned

Soldiers in the active military service are subject to military regulations and judiciary.

Compulsory basic military service may be introduced on the request of the ministers of national defence by the president.

Military registration is a compulsory assessment of one’s fitness for military service and classification with one of the categories:

• A — fit for military service
• B — temporarily unfit for military service during peacetime caused by a health condition from which full recovery is predicted within two years
• D — unfit for military service during peacetime with an exception of some positions within the territorial military service
• C — permanently unfit for military service at all times

Cabinet of Hanna Suchocka

Formation

After the cabinet of Jan Olszewski recieved a vote of no confidence on 5 June 1992 and Olszewski himself was dismissed immediately, President Lech Wałęsa designated Waldemar Pawlak as the new prime minister to preside over the outgoing cabinet and build new government coalition. Pawlak managed to secure a vote of confidence for his nomination, however coalition talks have failed to establish a new majority. The parliament was deeply fragmented after the 1991 election due to the electoral system used, and 16 formations were present in the Sejm at the time.

Tenure

[1993 vote of no confidence]

[tenure without parliament supervision] [concordat]

References

Bibligraphy

• Dudek, Antoni (2019). Od Mazowieckiego do Suchockiej. Pierwsze rządy wolnej Polski (in Polish) (1st ed.). Kraków: Znak Horyzont. ISBN 9788324057177.
• Leszczyńska-Wichmanowska, Krystyna (2022). "Przywództwo premierowskie w Polsce. Casus Hanny Suchockiej, Ewy Kopacz i Beaty Szydło". Politeja (in Polish). 19 (5 (80)): 261–280. doi:10.12797/Politeja.19.2022.80.13. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
• Świergiel, Rafał (2022). "Kształtowanie modelu władzy w Polsce po 1989 roku na przykładzie powoływania Rady Ministrów – od gabinetu Tadeusza Mazowieckiego do gabinetu Hanny Suchockiej". Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica. 29 (371): 27–40. doi:10.24917/20813333.29.3.

Mayor

Poland

In Poland, a mayor is the head executive of the municipal government, elected in the direct two round election. The title varies depending on the type, size and status of the municipality:

• in the rural municipalities — wójt
• in the urban and rural-urban municipalities — burgomaster (Polish: burmistrz, from the German: bürgermeister; commonly translated as town mayor)
• in the urban municipalities with over 20 residents, cities with county status, and cities traditionally holding the title — city president (Polish: prezydent miasta, commonly translated as city mayor)

Ministry of Public Security (Poland)

Ministry of Public Security

Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego
Coat of arms of the Polish People's Republic
Agency overview
Formed	1 January 1945 (1945-01-01)
Dissolved	7 December 1954 (1954-12-07)
Superseding agency	Ministry of Internal Affairs
Type	Ministry secret police security agency intelligence agency
Headquarters	Warsaw
Employees	10,000 (1945)
Minister responsible	Stanisław Radkiewicz
Child agencies	KBW MO ORMO WOP

The Ministry of Public Security (Polish: Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego, MBP) was a ministry and a secret police, security and intelligence agency of the Polish People's Republic during the Stalinist era, between 1944 and 1954. The ministry and its field offices were jointly commonly known as the Security Office (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa, UB).

The only minister was Stanisław Radkiewicz, remaining in office for 10 years.

Later replaced with the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1954, and its Security Service in 1956.

First Secretary of PZPR

First Secretary of the Central Committiee of the Polish United Workers' Party
Party's logo
Longest serving Władysław Gomułka 21 October 1956 – 20 December 1970
Polish United Worker's Party
Type	Party leader
Abbreviation	1st secretary of KC PZPR
Member of	Central Committiee Politbiuro
Formation	22 December 1948 (17 March 1954)
First holder	Bolesław Bierut
Final holder	Mieczysław Rakowski
Abolished	29 January 1990

The First Secretary of the Central Committiee of the Polish United Workers' Party was the leader of the Polish United Workers' Party, the rulling communist party of the Polish People's Republic.

The office directly superseded the first secretary of the Polish Workers' Party, when it merged with the Polish Socialist Party on 22 December 1948. Initially established as the chairman of the Central Committiee of the Polish United Workers' Party, the post was renamed on 17 March 1954 and lasted untill the dissolution of the PZPR on 29 January 1990.

While First Secretaries may or may not have held official state posts, they are regarded as de facto country leaders during the period of communist rule in Poland.

List

	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office	Term lenght	Portfolio
1	Bolesław Bierut (1892–1956)		21 December 1948	12 March 1956	7 years, 83 days	President of Poland (1947–1952) Chairman of the State Council (1947–1952) Prime Minister (1952–1954)
2	Edward Ochab (1906–1989)		20 March 1956	21 October 1956	216 days	None
3	Władysław Gomułka (1905–1982)		21 October 1956	20 December 1970	14 years, 61 days	Member of the State Council (1957–1971)
4	Edward Gierek (1913–2001)		20 December 1970	6 September 1980	9 years, 261 days	Member of the State Council (1976–1980)
5	Stanisław Kania (1927–2020)		6 September 1980	18 October 1981	1 year, 43 days	None
6	Wojciech Jaruzelski (1923–2014)		18 October 1981	29 July 1989	7 years, 285 days	Minister of National Defence (1968–1983) Prime Minister (1981–1985) Chairman of the WRON (1981–1983) Chairman of the State Council (1985–1989) President of Poland (1989–1990)
7	Mieczysław Rakowski (1926–2008)		29 July 1989	29 January 1990	185 days	None

• Mołdawa, Tadeusz (1991). Ludzie władzy 1944-1991 (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. p. 260. ISBN 83-01-10386-8.

Warsaw City Council

Jurisdiction

Warsaw is one of the cities with county rights (miasto na prawach powiatu), a municipality excercising authority and responsibilities of a county (powiat). Thus the Warsaw City Council decides with county and municipal matters within a geographical area of the capital.

Main roles of the Council are to supervise the Mayor and provide local legislature, including:

• plan zagospod

Constituencies and election

Members of the council are elected in multi-member constituencies with the party-list proportional representation using D'Hondt apportionment method.

There are currently ten constituencies (since the 2024 election) comprising Warsaw districts:

Constituency number	Districts	Seats
1	Śródmieście, Ochota	6
2	Praga South	6
3	Mokotów	7
4	Wola	5
5	Bielany, Żoliborz	6
6	Białołęka	5
7	Rembertów, Wawer, Wesoła	5
8	Ursynów, Wilanów, Włochy	8
9	Bemowo, Ursus	6
10	Targówek, Praga North	6

Ordynacja see more Local elections in Poland#Municipal councils