Timeline of Makassar
The following is a timeline of the history of and major events involving the city of Makassar, Indonesia.
Pre-colonial period
[edit]
- 1365 – The Majapahit manuscript Nagarakretagama mentions Makassar as a part of Majapahit's conquered territories, as one of the first written mentions of Makassar.[1]
- Late 15th century – The port of Bandar Tallo developed at the mouth of the Tallo River, within present-day Makassar.[2]
- c. 1513 – Portuguese traveler Tomé Pires mentions Makassar in his Suma Oriental, though he described the whole island of Sulawesi as "Makassar".[3]
- 1545 – A stone and clay fort, Fort Ujungpandang, was constructed by the Sultan of Gowa in modern Makassar.[4]
- c. 1605 – The Dutch established a permanent trading presence in Makassar.[5]
- 9 November 1607 – Monarchs of Gowa and Tallo adopted Islam and announced the Islamisation of their subjects. Celebrated today as Makassar's founding date.[6]
- 1613 – An English factory was established in Makassar by John Jourdain of the English East India Company.[7]
- 1634–1635 – Fort Ujungpandang was further expanded and fortified.[4]
- 1666–1669 – The Makassar War:
- 18 November 1667 – Fort Ujungpandang was ceded to the Dutch under the Treaty of Bongaya, and renamed Fort Rotterdam.[4]
Colonial period
[edit]
- 1730s – Makassar was opened to Chinese merchants, boosting the tripang trade in the Spermonde Archipelago and leading Makassarese sailors to search for the commodity as far as Australia.[6]
- 1814 – British forces launched an expedition to Makassar against the Bone State.[8]
- 1846 – Makassar became a free port instead of a Dutch-monopolized port, boosting its economy.[6]
- 1905 – Makassar's population was given in a census as 26,145.[9]
- 1906 – Makassar was established administratively as a city under the colonial government.[6]
- 2 November 1915 – The Makassaaresche Voetbal Bond, predecessor of modern football club PSM Makassar, was founded.[10]
- 1920 – Makassar's population was given in a census as 56,718.[11]
- 1 July 1922 – The 47 kilometres (29 mi) Makassar–Takalar railway was opened, becoming Makassar and Sulawesi's first railway line. Due to the Great Depression, it had ceased operations by 1930.[12]
- 1930 – Makassar's population was given in a census as 84,855.[11]
- 27 September 1937 – The Kadieng Airfield, predecessor of the modern Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, was opened.[13]
- 9 February 1942 – After repulsing an Allied fleet in the Battle of Makassar Strait, Japanese forces landed in and occupied Makassar.[14]
Indonesian period
[edit]
- 21 September 1945 – Australian troops occupy Makassar after the surrender of Japan before handing over control to the Dutch.[15]
- December 1946 – Makassar became the capital of the newly declared State of East Indonesia.[16]
- April 1950 – Makassar Uprising: a failed revolt by former KNIL soldiers against the incorporation of East Indonesia into the Republic of Indonesia.[17]
- 10 September 1956 – The Hasanuddin University was founded through a merger of two branches of the University of Indonesia in Makassar which had been founded in 1947 and 1952.[18]
- 27 September – 6 October 1957 – The 4th National Sports Week was held in Makassar.[19]
- 1971 – Makassar was officially renamed to Ujungpandang.[6]
- 1998 – A toll road began operations in Ujungpandang.[20]
- 13 October 1999 – The city's name reverted to Makassar.[6]
- 29 October 2008 – First direct mayoral election in Makassar, won by Ilham Arief Sirajuddin.[21]
- 27 June 2018 – The 2018 Makassar mayoral election marked the first "blank box" victory in Indonesian electoral history.[22]
- 29 March 2023 – President Joko Widodo inaugurated the Makassar–Parepare railway, the first leg of the planned Trans-Sulawesi Railway.[23]
References
[edit]- ^ Alsair, Ach Hidayat (9 November 2021). "Asal-Usul Makassar: Dari Tabiat hingga Cerita Munculnya Nabi". IDN Times Sulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 June 2025.
- ^ Mappiwali, Hermawan (9 November 2021). "Sejarah Makassar Ulang Tahun Ke-414, Pernah Jadi Kota Niaga Terkemuka". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 June 2025.
- ^ Alsair, Ach Hidayat (16 July 2024). "Rasa Kagum Tome Pires pada Para Pelaut dan Lanun Bugis". IDN Times Sulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 June 2025.
- ^ a b c Aulyah, Nur Afifah (26 February 2023). "Benteng Fort Rotterdam Makassar; Sejarah, Fungsi Hingga Karakteristiknya". detiksulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 June 2025.
- ^ Mostert, Tristan (2018). "Scramble for the Spices: Makassar's role in European and Asian Competition in the Eastern Archipelago up to 1616". The Dutch and English East India Companies: Diplomacy, Trade and Violence in Early Modern Asia (PDF). p. 38.
- ^ a b c d e f "Sejarah Kota Makassar" (in Indonesian). Makassar City Government. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ Villiers, John (1990). "One of the Especiallest Flowers in our Garden : The English Factory at Makassar, 1613-1667". Archipel. 39 (1): 159–178. doi:10.3406/arch.1990.2626.
- ^ "Two Makasar manuscripts now digitised" (in Indonesian). British Library. 15 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
- ^ Office, United States Hydrographic (1916). East Indies Pilot: Islands of Java (with exception of the western part from Java Head to Batavia), islands east of Java, south and east coasts of Borneo and Celebes Island. Hydrographic Office under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy. p. 310.
- ^ Isman, Andi Nur (1 November 2022). "Sejarah PSM Makassar, Awal Kemunculan Klub Sepak Bola di Indonesia". detiksulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 June 2025.
- ^ a b Colombijn, Freek (29 November 2013). Under Construction: The Politics of Urban Space and Housing during the Decolonization of Indonesia, 1930-1960. BRILL. p. 414. ISBN 978-90-04-26393-2.
- ^ Nugraha, Al Khoriah Etiek (24 September 2022). "Sejarah Kereta Api Pertama di Sulawesi Selatan yang Beroperasi pada 1922-1930". detiksulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 June 2025.
- ^ AP, Bahar (4 December 2023). "Dibangun Belanda Bandara Sultan Hasanuddin Beberapa Kali Berganti Nama". Maros News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ Alsair, Ach Hidayat (9 September 2020). "Kisah Kamp Tawanan Jepang di Sulsel pada Perang Dunia II". IDN Times Sulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ Reid, Anthony. "Australia's Hundred Days in South Sulawesi". Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde (1996). From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 105. ISBN 978-979-461-216-3.
- ^ 7 Years of Indonesian Independence: August 17, 1952. Ministry of Information. 1952. p. 19.
- ^ JP, Slamet (6 August 2020). "Universitas Hasanuddin". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 June 2025.
- ^ Alsair, Ach Hidayat (4 October 2021). "PON Makassar 1957 yang Dibayangi Teror dan Pembebasan Lahan". IDN Times Sulsel (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 June 2025.
- ^ "Sejarah Perusahaan" (in Indonesian). Tol Makassar. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
- ^ Amarullah, Amril (5 November 2008). "KPUD Tetapkan Pemenang Walikota Makassar". viva.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 June 2025.
- ^ "Pilkada Makassar: Kotak kosong 'menang', apa yang akan terjadi?". BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian). 28 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ "Hampir Setahun Beroperasi, Keterisian Penumpang KA Makassar-Parepare 75 Persen". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 22 February 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2025.