Timeline of LGBTQ history in Panama
This article is a timeline of notable events related to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community in Panama.
Before the 20th century
[edit]1513
[edit]
- September 24: Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa executes around 40 indigenous people accused of having sexual relationships with people of the same sex in the Carecuá comarca, in the region corresponding to present-day Panama. The accused people were thrown to a group of war dogs that mauled them to death.[1][2][3]
20th century
[edit]1949
[edit]- May 20: Executive Decree N. 149 is issued, which criminalizes homosexuality (named in Article 12 of the decree with the term "sodomy")[4][5] with a prison term of three months to one year.[6]
1957
[edit]- Writer Tristán Solarte publishes the novel El ahogado, which features one of the most notable LGBTQ characters in Panamanian literature.[7]
1972
[edit]- Writer Agustín Del Rosario wins the Ricardo Miró National Literature Award with his homoerotic poetry book De parte interesada.[7]
1984
[edit]1996
[edit]- Writer Javier Stanziola wins the Ricardo Miró National Literature Award with his LGBTQ theater play De mangos y albaricoques.[9][10]
- June 29: The Asociación Hombres y Mujeres Nuevos de Panamá is created, which is considered the first LGBTQ organization in the history of the country, although they lacked official government recognition during their first few years.[11][12][13]
1998
[edit]- For the first time in history, LGBTQ people get authorization to participate in the official parade of the Panama Carnival. Conservative groups criticized this decision.[13][14]
21st century
[edit]2001
[edit]- September 4: The Asociación de Hombres y Mujeres Nuevos de Panamá gains official government recognition from the Panamanian State.[11][12]
2004
[edit]- The first edition of the Panama Pride Parade takes place.[15][16]
2008
[edit]- May: Enrique Jelenszky and John Winstanley, citizens of Panama and the United Kingdom, respectively, register their civil union at the British embassy in Panama.[17]
- July 29: President Martín Torrijos Espino issues Executive Decree N. 332, which decriminalizes homosexuality in Panama. The decree goes into effect on July 31.[4][5]
2010
[edit]- Actor Agustín Clément becomes the first Panamanian public figure to register his union with a person of the same sex, after registering his civil union (PACS) with his boyfriend, French citizen Cesar Pereira, in the French consulate of Panama.[18]
2011
[edit]- May 29: An LGBTQ kiss-in takes place in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City as a response to the detention by the police of two lesbian women who kissed at the same place a few weeks earlier.[19][20][21]
2013
[edit]- The short film Los agustines is released, which is considered the first openly LGBTQ Panamanian film.[22]
2016
[edit]- May 6: Activist Candy Pamela González becomes the first Panamanian transgender woman to obtain authorization to legally change her name to one that reflects her gender identity.[23][24]
2017
[edit]
- July 1: The Panama Pride Parade was attended for the first time by the country's first lady, namely Lorena Castillo, who served as the parade's grand marshal.[25][26]
2019
[edit]- October 28: The National Assembly of Panama approves in a first vote a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage (which was already banned in a statutory law).[27] However, this vote led to civilian protests and president Laurentino Cortizo called on the Assembly to backtrack the amendment, which was eventually done.[28][29][30]
2021
[edit]- The beauty pageant Señorita Panamá, which was the local contest to choose the country's representative to Miss Universe, begins accepting transgender women as contestants.[31]
2023
[edit]- March 1: The Supreme Court of Justice of Panama issues a ruling in which it declares that the same-sex marriage ban present in the country's statutory laws was not unconstitutional.[32][33]
- March 24: The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights makes a call to Panama to guarantee the right of same-sex couples based on the OC-24/17 Advisory Opinion and regretted the Supreme Court's ruling against same-sex marriage earlier that month.[34]
- June 29: The first mass symbolic same-sex wedding ceremony was scheduled to take place in the country. The ceremony, organized by the lesbian pastor Maricarmen Gutiérrez,[35] was ultimately suspended by the Panama Pride organizers after receiving threats from extremist groups.[36]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Durán Espino, Pastor E. (2010-10-27). "Gais en la Conquista". Panamá América. Archived from the original on 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Turpana, Arysteides (2013). "El bautismo más caro de la historia cristiana" (PDF). Tareas (145): 65. ISSN 0494-7061. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Durán, Pastor E. (2009-09-16). "El aperreador de indios". Panamá América. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ a b "Decreto Ejecutivo No. 332" (PDF). Gaceta Oficial de Panamá. 2008-07-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ a b Pinzón, Kemy Loo (2008-08-01). "La homosexualidad ya no es un delito". La Prensa. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ Méndez Illueca, Haydée (2022-12-11). "Los derechos de las minorías sexuales". La Estrella de Panamá. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ a b Espinosa, Roy (2022-06-26). "Literatura panameña 'con orgullo'". La Prensa. Archived from the original on 2022-06-26. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "Sexualidades y pueblos indígenas". Centro Latinoamericano en Sexualidad y Derechos Humanos. 2010-05-13. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Arjona, Esther (2022-06-19). "'De mangos y albaricoques', se presenta en el Teatro Nacional". La Estrella de Panamá. Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Alarco, Daniel (2017-04-27). "Teatro gay, más allá del escenario". La Estrella de Panamá. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ a b "Nuestros inicios". AHMNP. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ a b Arias, Gina (2022-08-03). "Asociaciones respaldan a los LGBT". Metro Libre. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ a b "Panama: Situation of homosexuals, including societal attitudes, incidents of violence and support networks". Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 2000-04-17. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ "Panama: The situation of homosexuals and the legal recourses available to them". Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 1998-04-01. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ Arias, Gina (2019-08-02). "Buscan espacios de diálogo para la comunidad gay en Panamá". Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Beteta Bond, Ricardo (2022-12-09). "Existimos y resistimos: la lucha de los panameños LGBTIQ+". La Prensa. Archived from the original on 2022-12-09. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Vásquez, Rita (2016-11-16). "Corte Suprema de Justicia conocerá sobre matrimonios igualitarios". La Prensa. Archived from the original on 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "Agustín Clément volverá a casarse". La Estrella de Panamá. 2018-02-04. Archived from the original on 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
- ^ Trujillo, Luis (2011-05-30). "Un besito no es delito". Día a Día. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "Un lésbico beso en la entrada de la iglesia católica panameña". La Estrella de Panamá. 2011-05-29. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "Lesbianas tras las rejas por besarse en la vía pública". La Estrella de Panamá. 2011-03-30. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ List, Jared (2021). "(In)visibilidades cinematográficas: hacia un cine queer centroamericano". Istmo. Revista virtual de estudios literarios y culturales centroamericanos (43): 175–198. ISSN 1535-2315. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
- ^ Perea, Catherine (2016-05-12). "Candy Pamela, primera transexual en cambiar su nombre en Panamá". La Estrella de Panamá. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Pérez, Priscilla (2016-05-13). "La historia de Candy Pamela y el precedente que marcó en Panamá". TVN. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ Jaramillo, Edna (2017-07-03). "Surgen reacciones a la Marcha del Orgullo Gay". TVN. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "Espera 10 mil personas en marcha gay con Lorena Castillo como abanderada". La Estrella de Panamá. 2017-06-05. Archived from the original on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ "Panamá cierra las puertas al matrimonio igualitario con reforma constitucional". El Heraldo. 2019-10-29. Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ González Cabrera, Cristian (2022-02-14). "La lucha por el matrimonio igualitario en Panamá". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 2022-06-26. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ "Presidente panameño pide excluir de reforma artículo que define matrimonio como heterosexual". France 24. 2019-11-08. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ González Cabrera, Cristian (2019-11-06). "Panameños y panameñas protestan contra proyecto que prohibiría el matrimonio igualitario". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 2022-05-13. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ Concepción, Martha Vanessa (2021-03-01). "Revuelo. Concurso Señorita Panamá para Miss Universo abre inscripciones para mujeres transgénero". www.midiario.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-17.
- ^ Paz, Juan Carlos (2023-03-01). "Corte Suprema de Panamá determina que no es inconstitucional la prohibición del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo". CNN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- ^ "Corte Suprema de Panamá rechaza el matrimonio igualitario". Deutsche Welle. 2023-03-01. Archived from the original on 2023-03-08. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ "CIDH llama a Panamá a garantizar el derecho al matrimonio igualitario y el derecho a la igualdad y no discriminación". Mi Diario. 2023-03-24. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ "Piden a Caraballo parar boda masiva de LGBTIQ+". www.critica.com.pa (in Spanish). 2023-06-28. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
- ^ Lasso, Mileika (2023-06-30). "Panamá Pride suspende la primera boda igualitaria, reiteran carencia de leyes de protección". www.laestrella.com.pa. Retrieved 2024-08-17.