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Stade des Martyrs

Coordinates: 4°19′49.5″S 15°18′36.0″E / 4.330417°S 15.310000°E / -4.330417; 15.310000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte
Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte in October 2024
Map
Full nameStade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte
Former namesKamanyola Stadium
(1994–1997)
LocationDemocratic Republic of the Congo Lingwala, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Capacity80,000
SurfaceSynthetic lawn
Construction
Broke groundOctober 14, 1988; 36 years ago (1988-10-14)
BuiltOctober 14, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-10-14)
OpenedSeptember 14, 1994; 30 years ago (1994-09-14)
Renovated2008, 2021 and 2023
Construction costUS$38,000,000
Tenants
DR Congo national football team (1994–present)
AS Vita Club (1994–present)
Daring Club Motema Pembe (1994–present)

The Pentacost Martyrs Stadium (French: Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte) (formerly known as Stade Kamanyola), or commonly referred to as the Stade des Martyrs, is a national multi-purpose stadium of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in Lingwala, Kinshasa.[1][2][3] With a seating capacity of 80,000, it is the largest stadium in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the fourth-largest stadium in Africa. It serves as the home stadium for the Congolese football national team, Association Sportive Vita Club, and Daring Club Motema Pembe, making it the largest multifunctional venue in the country.[4][5]

Originally constructed in 1993, the stadium was renamed in 1997 to honor the ministers, including Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Emmanuel Bamba, and Alexandre Mahamba, who were publicly hanged in Léopoldville (present-day Kinshasa) on Pentecost, 2 June 1966.[6][7][8]

It hosted the 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie, which accommodated approximately 3,000 athletes from over 40 countries.[9][10]

History

[edit]

Etymology and construction

[edit]
Stade des Martyrs in 2013

Originally named "Stade Kamanyola," the name has its origins in the Kamanyola groupement, within the Walungu Territory of South Kivu Province.[11] This border area became symbolically important to the regime of President Mobutu Sese Seko following a decisive 1964 military victory by the Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC) against the Mulelist insurgency. The campaign, which secured the Kamanyola Bridge and contributed to the liberation of Bukavu from forces loyal to Jean Schramme, was led by Major-General Léonard Mulamba and Masiala.[11][12] It was during these conflicts that Donatien Mahele Lieko Bokungu, then a young Warrant Officer, first distinguished himself—later rising to prominence in the national army.[12]

In recognition of these military achievements, Mobutu memorialized the name Kamanyola across several state assets and personal possessions, including a presidential yacht, a military division, and subsequently commissioned the construction of "Stade Kamanyola".[11] The stadium project was formalized through a memorandum of understanding signed in May 1987 between the Republic of Zaire and the People's Republic of China.[12][13] Construction began on 14 October 1988—a date symbolically chosen to coincide with Mobutu's birthday—and concluded exactly five years later on 14 October 1993.[12][13] The facility, with a seating capacity of 80,000, was constructed by a Chinese consortium at a cost of approximately $38 million.[12][13][14]

Stade Kamanyola was officially inaugurated on 14 September 1994 with a friendly match between the Leopards of Zaire and the Flames of Malawi.[12][13] It replaced Stade Tata Raphaël as the country's principal sports venue and became a centerpiece of Mobutu's vision for monumental state infrastructure.[12][13] In addition to hosting matches for the national football team and top Kinshasa clubs, the stadium also accommodated fixtures involving Tout Puissant Mazembe, a prominent club based in Lubumbashi.[12][13]

From Stade Kamanyola to Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte

[edit]

Following the ousting of Mobutu from power by AFDL (Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre) led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila in 1997, the stadium was renamed "Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte" in memory of four ministers purged by Mobutu Sese Seko and hanged at the site on 2 June 1966: Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Emmanuel Bamba, and Alexandre Mahamba.[15][16] Tragedy revisited the venue in 1998 during the Second Congo War, when government troops opened fire during a football match between AS Vita Club and Daring Club Motema Pembe, resulting in four fatalities.[17]

On 5 December 2004, the Democratic Republic of the Congo achieved its first victory over South Africa in a historic match at the Stade des Martyrs.[18] On 12–14 October 2012, the venue played host to the 14th summit of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.[19][20][21] From 28 July to 6 August 2023, the Stade des Martyrs presided over the IXes Jeux de la Francophonie, a notable multi-sport event, marking the first occasion that the games were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[22][23][24][25]

Renovation (2008–2023)

[edit]

Initial efforts

[edit]
The Stade des Martyrs in 2006, showcasing its modern circular architecture with a distinctive outer framework supporting the roof. Prominent banners display advertisements, including one for Vodacom featuring the slogans 'Simply the best!' and its French equivalent, Parce que vous méritez mieux.

By the early 2000s, Stade des Martyrs had fallen into a severe state of disrepair. In February 2006, Radio Okapi described the stadium as "slowly dying", with unsanitary conditions caused by supporters and street children (shegués) urinating throughout the facility.[26] The stench of urine and feces made many parts of the stadium unbearable for spectators.[26] In May 2006, urban authorities in Kinshasa took action by demolishing a dozen unauthorized houses that had been built across from the main entrance. The area was originally intended for the construction of facilities to host international sports delegations.[27] According to both local residents and stadium officials, these informal structures had occupied land reserved for future development linked to the stadium complex.[27]

The degradation of the stadium led to serious consequences when, on 25 March 2008, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) suspended Stade des Martyrs from the 2010 FIFA World Cup and Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers, stating that it did not meet the required international standards.[28] The Fédération Congolaise de Football Association (FECOFA) was asked to select an alternative stadium on neutral territory where "home" matches would be played.[28][29] FIFA granted a one-month reprieve, providing the Congolese government a final opportunity to renovate the stadium in line with inspection recommendations.[28][30] In response, the Deputy Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure, Gervais Ntirumenyrwa Kimonyo, launched renovation efforts on 15 April 2008. The project involved ten companies and was initially budgeted at $3.5 million.[31][32] Minister of Youth and Sports Willy Bakonga explained the multi-contractor approach was intended to expedite work and meet deadlines. Renovation tasks included refurbishing the locker rooms, upgrading lighting and the electronic scoreboard, installing seat numbering, and constructing a new press tribune.[32]

Despite these efforts, work remained unfinished by early May. Contractors requested an additional $2.5 million beyond the original $3.7 million already disbursed.[33] By 4 May 2008, the site still resembled a construction zone with unpacked furniture and construction materials scattered about. According to project architect Trésor Lufwakenda, significant progress had been made, particularly in repainting and refurbishing internal facilities.[34] However, delays and incomplete tasks prompted the government to involve military engineers to ensure the stadium was ready on time.[34] Interior Minister Denis Kalume Numbi threatened legal action against contractors who failed to meet deadlines.[35] Ultimately, on 19 May 2008, FIFA reinstated the stadium's eligibility to host international matches.[36]

Second and third phase

[edit]
A 2017 demonstration at Stade des Martyrs advocating against the recruitment of child soldiers. Several young participants, wearing white T-shirts emblazoned with a red circle and slash over a child figure, march across the field holding a large banner reading STOP AU RECRUTEMENT D'ENFANTS.

A second wave of rehabilitation began in March 2020 under the Ministry of Sports and Leisure, initially focusing on modernizing the locker rooms.[37] However, progress was hindered by the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed the shipment of essential equipment from Europe.[37] By October 2020, the situation remained critical. Constant Omari, then president of FECOFA, warned of a potential closure, stating that Stade des Martyrs no longer met modern standards.[37] FIFA required the stadium to have either a hybrid or natural grass playing surface—requirements that had yet to be addressed due to a lack of released funds.[37] During the 47th Council of Ministers meeting on 4 September 2020, President Félix Tshisekedi instructed the government to prioritize the stadium's rehabilitation. The Council decided to reactivate the project file to ensure modernization works would be completed within a reasonable timeframe.[38][39]

On 9 April 2021, President Tshisekedi launched development and rehabilitation efforts aimed at preparing the stadium to host the 9th Francophone Games.[40] Despite these efforts, a Confederation of African Football (CAF) inspection on 4 May 2021 excluded Stade des Martyrs from the list of approved African stadiums, citing failure to meet FIFA's international standards.[41] On 16 July 2021, the Council of Ministers approved renovation plans for seven stadiums nationwide, including Stade des Martyrs, with projected costs ranging between 3 million and 8 million USD per facility.[42] Minister of Sports and Leisure Serge Tshembo Nkonde [fr] emphasized collaboration with the Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) to ensure proper electrification.[42] Rehabilitation work resumed on 16 July 2021 under Nkonde's supervision, targeting FIFA compliance ahead of the FIFA World Cup qualifiers scheduled for September.[43] Renovations included the replacement of the stadium's lighting system, along with plans for the installation of a new artificial turf and seating, featuring a hybrid pitch.[43] Despite these plans, on 22 September 2021, CAF disqualified Stade des Martyrs from hosting the third and fourth matchdays of the 2022 World Cup qualifiers, citing failure to meet minimum standards.[44] FECOFA was instructed to select an alternative stadium by that date or face CAF designating a venue, potentially in the opponent's country.[44] By 4 February 2022, CAF provisionally authorized Stade des Martyrs to host the DR Congo against Morocco match, contingent upon continuing refurbishment work.[45] The stadium reopened following the installation of the new pitch. However, after subsequent assessments, CAF deemed the stadium unsuitable on 9 February 2023.[46][47][48] The governing body reported that the completed renovations did not satisfy modern stadium standards. Key deficiencies identified included inadequate media facilities, lack of reliable internet connectivity, insufficient press conference rooms, under-equipped medical services, and inadequate locker rooms for referees.[46] Additionally, the stadium's external perimeter areas "do not guarantee a safe and secure environment for hosting international football matches, as these areas are abandoned and without any proper maintenance".[46]

As of April 2023, construction and site development were approximately 80% complete, with the Agence Congolaise des Grands Travaux (ACGT) overseeing the work.[49] On 17 May 2023, President Félix inspected two gymnasiums under construction with capacities of 3,000 and 2,000 spectators.[50] By July 2023, student housing and various infrastructures had been rehabilitated, and Stade des Martyrs was supplied with water through newly installed cisterns by REGIDESO.[51][52][53] On 13 July 2024, Stade des Martyrs, alongside Stade TP Mazembe, received CAF approval to host matches for the 2024–2025 season.[54]

Crowd crush incidents

[edit]

Fally Ipupa

[edit]
Fans of the Congolese national football team at the venue

Stade des Martyrs has been the site of several crowd-crush incidents, which have led to countless deaths and injuries over the years. One of the most significant incidents took place on 29 October 2022, during the Fally Ipupa mega-concert, which resulted in eleven deaths, including two police officers.[55][56][57] Reports from Le Monde revealed that by 3 p.m., the stadium had reached its full capacity, with more people attempting to gain entry.[55] Despite the venue's 80,000-person capacity, over 120,000 people showed up for the event.[55][58] Le Monde reported that the high temperatures precipitated cases of suffocation among some spectators. A fatality was recorded prior to the concert's commencement, with the individual succumbing to asphyxiation.[55] Disruptions were further exacerbated by the actions of police officers stationed at the stadium entrance, who confiscated entry documents from certain spectators and accepted bribes to permit others to enter.[55] This caused chaos near Avenue des Huileries, where two tear gas grenades were deployed to disperse the crowd.[55] A post-concert stampede resulted in additional deaths. The Minister of the Interior, Security, Decentralization and Traditional Affairs, Daniel Asselo Okito, attributed the stampede to the organizers, holding them accountable for exceeding the agreed-upon capacity with the police and the stadium. One of the event's organizers was detained by the Kinshasa criminal police around 10 p.m. on the evening of the concert.[55]

Mike Kalambayi

[edit]

On 27 July 2024, during Congolese gospel singer Mike Kalambayi's performance, a crowd-crush broke out, resulting in the deaths of at least nine people and leaving many others injured, some of whom required intensive care.[59][60][61] While authorities refrained from speculating on the cause of the crowd-crush, citing an ongoing investigation, the local music management company responsible for organizing the event attributed the chaos to an intervention by security services dealing with potential disruptors.[60][61] Although the concert organizers had initially planned to accommodate the stadium and its esplanade, the rapidly sold-out tickets led to some attendees being turned away due to insufficient space.[60] Some victims succumbed to suffocation, while others perished due to crushing in the stadium, where the playing area, corridors, seats, and stands were overcrowded.[60]

Controversy

[edit]

During Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rule, the stadium became the center of controversy and criticism from human rights organizations. It was alleged to have been used as a prison for dignitaries of the former Mobutu regime and individuals suspected of collaborating with it. Reports from organizations like Journaliste en danger (JED), a Congolese non-governmental organization for the defense of press freedom affiliated with Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), highlighted the use of the stadium as a military camp, where many people were held for extended periods in dungeon-like conditions.[62]

Other uses

[edit]

While primarily serving as a sports venue, the Stade des Martyrs also hosts cultural events, concerts, and gatherings of national significance. Some notable high-profile appearances include:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Le Stade des Martyrs". Leopardsfoot (in French). 29 June 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
  2. ^ "Stade des Martyrs". Music In Africa. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
  3. ^ Kaforo, Olivier (19 July 2022). "RDC: affichage au stade des Martyrs, Mediamages bientôt en justice contre Vodacom en Afrique du Sud" [DRC: Posters at the Martyrs Stadium, Mediamages soon to take legal action against Vodacom in South Africa]. Zoom-eco.net (in French). Retrieved 13 May 2025.
  4. ^ Brockhaus, Hannah (2 February 2023). "Pope Francis to Congolese Youth: Prayer is Your Secret Weapon for Peace". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  5. ^ Harlan, Chico (2 February 2023). "A rejuvenated Pope Francis revels in Congo's energy". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  6. ^ Says, Felix Muthamia Mworia (2 June 2008). "1966: Evariste Kimba and three other "plotters" against Mobutu". Executed Today. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  7. ^ Say, Michel-Ange Mupapa (2004). Le Congo et l'Afrique à l'orée du troisième millénaire: la pathogénie d'un sous-développement (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Presses universitaires du Congo. p. 214.
  8. ^ "100,000 in Congo See Hanging Of Ex-Premier and 3 Others". The New York Times. 3 June 1966. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  9. ^ Palmer, Dan (23 April 2020). "Francophonie Games in Kinshasa moved back to 2022". Inside the Games. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  10. ^ "DR Congo intensifies street security ahead of Francophone Games". Al Jazeera. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  11. ^ a b c Greenbaum, Eli (2017-11-07). Emerald Labyrinth: A Scientist's Adventures in the Jungles of the Congo. Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States: University Press of New England. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-5126-0120-6.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Kirikam, Zephyrin Nkumu Assana (30 August 2010). "Le Stade des Martyrs de La Pentecote". Mbokamosika (in French). Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Kakule, Job (14 September 2022). "[Histoire] 14 septembre 1994: inauguration du Stade des Martyrs (ex-Stade Kamanyola)" [[History] 14 September 1994: inauguration of the Stade des Martyrs (formerly Stade Kamanyola)]. Grandslacsnews.com (in French). Retrieved 27 May 2025.
  14. ^ "Sport: Le Stade des Martyrs fait peau neuve, les travaux de réfection avancent à grand pas" [Sport: The Stade des Martyrs is getting a facelift, renovation work is progressing rapidly]. Infocongo.net (in French). 6 August 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  15. ^ Says, Felix Muthamia Mworia (2 June 2008). "ExecutedToday.com » 1966: Evariste Kimba and three other "plotters" against Mobutu". Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  16. ^ "100,000 in Congo See Hanging Of Ex-Premier and 3 Others". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  17. ^ "Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte - Congo | Sportskeeda". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  18. ^ "Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte - Congo". Sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Feature story: 14th Francophonie Summit: Shared Responsibility and Global Solidarity on the Agenda of UNAIDS and Heads of State". UNAIDS. Geneva, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. 13 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  20. ^ "Congo-Kinshasa: Nuit de la francophonie - Plus de six cents artistes attendus à Kinshasa" [Congo-Kinshasa: Night of the Francophonie - More than six hundred artists expected in Kinshasa]. Le Potentiel (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 6 October 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  21. ^ "Francophonie: un méga concert de musique à la veille du sommet au stade des Martyrs" [Francophonie: a mega music concert on the eve of the summit at the Stade des Martyrs]. Radio Okapi (in French). 2 October 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  22. ^ "RD Congo: coup d'envoi des 9e jeux de la Francophonie, à Kinshasa" [DR Congo: Kick-off of the 9th Francophone Games in Kinshasa]. TV5Monde (in French). Paris, France. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  23. ^ Kuzamba, Emmanuel (7 August 2023). "IXes Jeux de la Francophonie - Culture : médailles, révélation et déception" [9th Francophone Games - Culture: medals, revelation and disappointment]. Actualite.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  24. ^ "EcoNews: "IXes Jeux de la Francophonie: mission accomplie"" [EcoNews: "9th Francophone Games: mission accomplished"]. Radio Okapi (in French). 7 August 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  25. ^ "IX Jeux de la Francophonie à Kinshasa: un "défi relevé" par la RDC qui redore son image à l'international" [IX Francophone Games in Kinshasa: a "challenge taken up" by the DRC which is restoring its international image]. Mediacongo.net (in French). 6 August 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  26. ^ a b "Le stade des martyrs, un bijou martyrisé par les odeurs" [The Martyrs' Stadium, a jewel martyred by smells]. Radio Okapi (in French). 27 February 2006. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  27. ^ a b "Démolition des constructions anarchiques érigées en face du Stade des Martyrs" [Demolition of the illegal constructions erected opposite the Stade des Martyrs]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  28. ^ a b c "Foot-RDC: la Fifa suspend le stade des Martyrs de Kinshasa" [Football-DRC: FIFA suspends the Martyrs stadium in Kinshasa]. Radio Okapi (in French). 25 March 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  29. ^ "Le stade des Martyrs suspendu des compétitions internationales" [Martyrs Stadium suspended from international competitions]. Radio Okapi (in French). 28 March 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  30. ^ "Foot-RDC: la Fifa accorde un sursis d'un mois pour le stade des martyrs" [DRC Football: FIFA grants one-month reprieve for Martyrs Stadium]. Radio Okapi (in French). 26 March 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  31. ^ "Stade des Martyrs: coup d'envoi des travaux de réaménagement" [Martyrs Stadium: Redevelopment work begins]. Radio Okapi (in French). 16 April 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  32. ^ a b "Stade des Martyrs: les inspecteurs de la Fifa arrivent dans 2 semaines, le ministre des Sports rassure" [Martyrs Stadium: FIFA inspectors to arrive in 2 weeks, Sports Minister reassures]. Radio Okapi (in French). 22 April 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  33. ^ "Stade des Martyrs: à 6 joursde l'arrivée de la Fifa, les entreprises exigent plus de 2 millions USD supplémentaires" [Martyrs Stadium: 6 days before FIFA's arrival, companies demand more than 2 million USD more]. Radio Okapi (in French). 28 April 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  34. ^ a b "Kinshasa: stade des Martyrs, l'ultimatum de la Fifa prend fin ce dimanche" [Kinshasa: Martyrs Stadium, FIFA's ultimatum ends this Sunday]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  35. ^ "Le ministre de l'intérieur menace de poursuivre en justice les entreprises défaillantes dans la réhabilitation du stade des martyrs" [The Minister of the Interior is threatening to take legal action against companies that failed to renovate the Martyrs' Stadium]. Radio Okapi (in French). 20 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  36. ^ "Foot: la Fifa autorise le stade des Martyrs à abriter les eliminatoires de la Can-Mundial 2010" [Football: FIFA authorizes the Martyrs stadium to host the 2010 CAN-Mundial qualifiers]. Radio Okapi (in French). 20 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  37. ^ a b c d Luvundisakio, Jolga (21 October 2020). "CAF: l'épée de Damoclès sur le stade des Martyrs après le match RDC-Angola" [CAF: The sword of Damocles hangs over the Martyrs stadium after the DRC-Angola match]. Congoprofond.net (in French). Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  38. ^ "RDC: le Chef de l'État ordonne la réhabilitation du stade des martyrs" [DRC: Head of State orders rehabilitation of Martyrs' Stadium]. linterview.cd/rdc (in French). 5 September 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  39. ^ Mwarabu, Amédée (5 September 2020). "RDC: le gouvernement va décaisser les fonds pour la réhabilitation du stade des martyrs" [DRC: Government to release funds for the rehabilitation of the Martyrs' Stadium]. Deskeco.com (in French). Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  40. ^ "IXe Jeux de la Francophonie: Félix Tshisekedi lance les travaux de construction des infrastructures" [9th Francophone Games: Félix Tshisekedi launches infrastructure construction work]. Radio Okapi (in French). 9 April 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  41. ^ "Eliminatoires-Mondial 2022: les Léopards joueront au stade TP Mazembe à Lubumbashi" [2022 World Cup Qualifiers: The Leopards will play at the TP Mazembe stadium in Lubumbashi]. Radio Okapi (in French). 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  42. ^ a b "RDC: 7 stades à travers le pays seront bientôt rénovés" [DRC: 7 stadiums across the country will soon be renovated]. Radio Okapi (in French). 17 July 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  43. ^ a b "Les travaux de réhabilitation du Stade des Martyrs ont démarré" [Rehabilitation work on the Stade des Martyrs has begun]. Infocongo.net (in French). 16 July 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  44. ^ a b "Eliminatoires-Mondial 2022: la CAF n'a pas homologué le stade des Martyrs" [2022 World Cup Qualifiers: CAF has not approved the Martyrs stadium]. Radio Okapi (in French). 22 September 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  45. ^ "Barrages-Qatar 2022: le stade des Martyrs approuvé par la CAF" [Qatar 2022 Playoffs: Martyrs Stadium Approved by CAF]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 February 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  46. ^ a b c Mokili, Son (10 February 2023). "CAF-Fecofa: le stade des Martyrs est KO malgré des millions de dollars consentis pour sa rénovation" [CAF-Fecofa: Martyrs stadium is KO despite millions of dollars spent on its renovation]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  47. ^ Sumaïli, Remias (18 April 2023). "RDC: Réouverture partielle du Stade des Martyrs" [DRC: Partial reopening of the Stade des Martyrs]. LEOPARD LEADER FOOT (in French). Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  48. ^ "Non-homologation stades des Martyrs et Kibassa Maliba par la CAF" [Non-approval of Martyrs and Kibassa Maliba stadiums by CAF]. Radio Okapi (in French). 21 February 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  49. ^ "IXe jeux de la Francophonie: les travaux de construction et aménagement des sites exécutés à environ 80%" [9th Francophone Games: construction and site development work completed at approximately 80%]. Radio Okapi (in French). 29 April 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  50. ^ "IXe Jeux de la Francophonie: Félix Tshisekedi exhorte les entreprises à pied d'œuvre à doubler d'efforts" [9th Francophone Games: Félix Tshisekedi urges companies to redouble their efforts]. Radio Okapi (in French). 18 May 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  51. ^ "IXèmes jeux de la Francophonie: quel regard à 24 heures de la cérémonie d'ouverture ... les Kinois s'expriment!" [9th Francophone Games: What a view 24 hours before the opening ceremony... the people of Kinshasa speak out!]. Actualite.cd (in French). 27 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  52. ^ "Félix Tshisekedi: "Tout a été mis en œuvre pour que cette IXe édition des Jeux de la Francophonie soit un franc succès"" [Félix Tshisekedi: "Everything has been done to ensure that this 9th edition of the Francophone Games is a resounding success"]. Radio Okapi (in French). 29 July 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  53. ^ "Pour le Cardinal Ambongo, les Jeux de la Francophonie sont "un moment de joie immense et de fierté légitime pour tout un peuple"" [For Cardinal Ambongo, the Francophone Games are "a moment of immense joy and legitimate pride for an entire people."]. Radio Okapi (in French). 30 July 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  54. ^ "RDC-Foot: les stades des Martyrs et du TP Mazembe homologués pour la saison sportive 2024-2025" [DRC-Football: Martyrs and TP Mazembe stadiums approved for the 2024-2025 sports season]. Radio Okapi (in French). 13 July 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g Gisa, Nathalie Sala (31 October 2022). ""On suffoquait": le mégaconcert de Fally Ipupa fait onze morts et de nombreux blessés à Kinshasa" ["We were suffocating": Fally Ipupa’s mega-concert leaves eleven dead and many injured in Kinshasa]. Le Monde (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  56. ^ "Stampede at Fally Ipupa concert kills 11 in DRC's capital". Al Jazeera. Doha, Qatar. 30 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  57. ^ Mulegwa, Pascal (30 October 2022). "RDC: le concert tant attendu de Fally Ipupa a tourné au drame" [DRC: Fally Ipupa's long-awaited concert turned to tragedy]. RFI (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  58. ^ "Plus de 120.000 personnes auraient répondu présent au concert de Fally Ipupa au Stade des Martyrs" [More than 120,000 people would have attended the Fally Ipupa concert at the Stade des Martyrs]. Mbote (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 30 October 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  59. ^ "Concert de Mike Kalambayi : au moins 9 morts dans des bousculades au stade des Martyrs" [Mike Kalambayi concert: at least 9 dead in stampedes at Martyrs stadium]. Actualite.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  60. ^ a b c d "RDC: au moins neuf morts dans une bousculade au stade des Martyrs" [DRC: At least nine dead in stampede at Martyrs stadium]. Radio France Internationale (in French). Paris, France. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  61. ^ a b AfricaNews (29 July 2024). "RDC: au moins 9 morts lors du concert de Mike Kalambayi" [DRC: At least 9 dead during Mike Kalambayi concert]. Africanews (in French). Lyon, France. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  62. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "République démocratique du Congo (RDC) : information indiquant si le stade Kamanyola, maintenant appelé le stade des Martyrs, a servi de prison, notamment pour les dignitaires du régime de Mobutu et/ou ceux soupçonnés de collaboration avec ce régime (1997–1998)". Refworld. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
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  69. ^ "Héritier Watanabe au stade des Martyrs: "J'ai été interpellé…avec interdiction d'atteindre 80.000 personnes"" [Watanabe Heir at Martyrs Stadium: "I was arrested...and banned from reaching 80,000 people"]. Strong2kin Moov (in French). 26 December 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  70. ^ "Les jeunes Congolais accueillent le pape François au stade des Martyrs à Kinshasa" [Young Congolese welcome Pope Francis at the Martyrs Stadium in Kinshasa]. Radio France Internationale (in French). 2 February 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
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4°19′49.5″S 15°18′36.0″E / 4.330417°S 15.310000°E / -4.330417; 15.310000

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