Sunda crow
| Sunda crow | |
|---|---|
| |
| Near Tomohon, Indonesia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Corvidae |
| Genus: | Corvus |
| Species: | C. enca
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| Binomial name | |
| Corvus enca | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Sunda crow (Corvus enca) is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae that is found in South-East Asia, from Malaysia to Borneo. The Sunda crow is part of the Corvus enca species complex, which was formerly treated as a single species and known as the slender-billed crow. The complex is now treated as five species, after four subspecies were split off as distinct species: the Samar crow or small crow (Corvus samarensis), the Palawan crow (Corvus pusillus), the Sulawesi crow (Corvus celebensis) and the Sierra Madre crow (Corvus sierramadrensis).[3] The violet crow was also once include, but has been shown to be distinct genetically and separated as Corvus violaceus.[4]
Taxonomy
[edit]Corvus enca was formally described in 1821 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected on the Indonesian island of Java. He coined the binomial name Fregilus enca.[5][6] The specific epithet enca is a Javanese word for a crow.[7]
Corvus enca is part of a species complex, which was previously treated as a single species with six subspecies, then known of as the slender-billed crow. Four of those subspecies are now treated as a separate species:[8]
- Sulawesi crow (Corvus celebensis)
- Samar crow (Corvus samarensis)
- Sierra Madre crow (Corvus sierramadrensis)
- Palawan crow (Corvus pusillus)
The remaining two subspecies are recognised as subspecies of the Sunda crow:[8]
- C. e. compilator Richmond, 1903 – Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, west Sumatran islands and Borneo
- C. e. enca (Horsfield, 1821) – Java and Bali
In earlier treatments, the Banggai Crow (Corvus unicolor) and the Violet Crow (Corvus violaceus) were also included in Corvus enca.[9]
Habitat and diet
[edit]It is found throughout Maritime Southeast Asia (Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines) and Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest. It eats fish and shrimp.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International. (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Corvus enca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103727499A118785292. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103727499A118785292.en. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ Horsfield, 1821. Fregilus Enca (protonym). Trans. Linn. Soc. London, (1), 13, p. 164. BHL
- ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-05-29.
- ^ Jønsson, Knud A.; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Irestedt, Martin (2012). "Brains, tools, innovation and biogeography in crows and ravens". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 72. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12...72J. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-72. PMC 3480872. PMID 22642364.
- ^ Horsfield, Thomas (1821). "Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java". Transactions of the Linnean Society. 13 (1): 133–200 [164].
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 264.
- ^ Jobling, James A. "enca". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ "Slender-billed Crow". Birds of the World Online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
- ^ Eddy, S.; Mutiara, D.; Mediswati, R.Y.T.; Rahman, R.G.; Milantara, N.; Basyuni, M. (2021). "Short communication: Diversity of bird species in Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 22 (12). doi:10.13057/biodiv/d221206.
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