Siege of Patani (1632)

Siege of Patani (1632)
	; Bunga mas, the tribute sent every three years to the Siamese ruler in Ayutthaya and Bangkok as symbol of friendship by the ruler of Patani. The sending of the Bunga mas began in the 14th century.
Date	1632
Location	Southern Thailand; (modern-day Pattani province, Thailand)6°52′N 101°15′E / 6.867°N 101.250°E
Result	Patani victory
Belligerents
Patani Kingdom	Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam); Kingdom of Ligor;
Commanders and leaders
Raja Ungu	Prasat Thong; Okkhun Senaphimuk

The siege of Patani (1632) refers to a failed military expedition by the Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) against the Patani Kingdom.^[2] Although often overshadowed by the larger conflict of the Patani–Siamese War (1633–1634), the events of 1632 marked a significant escalation in tensions between the two states following a breakdown in diplomatic relations.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Background

By the early 1600s, relations between Ayutthaya and Patani had deteriorated due to Patani's refusal to continue sending the traditional Bunga mas tribute, which symbolised vassalage to the Siamese monarch. Under the reign of Raja Ungu, Patani began to pursue an increasingly independent foreign policy.^[6] In 1630, Patani conducted a raid on Ligor (present-day Nakhon Si Thammarat), during which Patani forces captured two Dutch vessels. This incident strained Patani’s relations with the Dutch East India Company, which gradually shifted its support to Ayutthaya.^[7]^[8]

In 1631, King Prasat Thong of Ayutthaya dispatched an embassy to Patani demanding the resumption of tribute payments. The mission was rejected by Raja Ungu, and the Siamese envoys were reportedly insulted, which further aggravated diplomatic tensions.

Siege

In 1632, Ayutthaya launched a military expedition against Patani. Contemporary sources indicate that the operation consisted primarily of a naval blockade intended to isolate the port and compel submission. The campaign did not result in direct land confrontation or occupation.^[9] Patani’s defensive preparations, including coastal fortifications and support from allied Malay states such as Johor Sultanate and Pahang Sultanate, contributed to the failure of the siege.^[10]

The absence of Dutch naval support and logistical difficulties on the part of the Siamese forces also played a role in the expedition’s failure. Raja Ungu had strengthened Patani’s military capabilities in anticipation of conflict, enabling the kingdom to repel Siamese efforts effectively.^[8]

Aftermath

The failed siege did not result in any territorial change but led to the escalation of hostilities. The event served as a precursor to the Patani–Siamese War (1633–1634), during which Ayutthaya mounted a larger-scale invasion. That campaign, although involving a significantly greater military force and Dutch cooperation, also ended in failure.^[11]^[6]

The siege highlighted the limitations of Ayutthaya’s power projection over its southern periphery and demonstrated the growing autonomy and military resilience of the Patani during the reign of Raja Ungu.^[12]^[13]

References

^ Wood, W.A.R. A History of Siam. Sribundit Press. p. 110. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
^ ^a ^b Thanēt ʻĀphō̜nsuwan2007, p. 22.
^ name="Bradley2015">Bradley, Francis R. (2015). "Chapter 5". The Five Patani-Siam Wars: The Destruction of the Orangkaya. University of Hawai‘i Press. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
^ "Ayutthaya Historical Events (1600 CE)". Ayutthaya History. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
^ Syukri, Ibrahim (1985). History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani. Ohio Uninversity Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0896801233.
^ ^a ^b Anuar, Nik Mahmud (2000). Sejarah perjuangan Melayu Patani, 1785–1954. UKM. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
^ Ronald Bishop Smith 1967, p. 51.
^ ^a ^b Panel Penulis The Patriots (2019). Kitab Tamadun Melayu (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Patriots Publication. p. 400. ISBN 9789671652893.
^ Syukri, Ibrahim (1985). The History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani. Translated by Conner Bailey and John N. Miksic. Ohio University Press.
^ Mohd. Zamberi A. Malek (2006). Pensejarahan Patani (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya. p. 100. ISBN 9789831003473.
^ "Patani-Kelantan: Episod Pengenalan". PP-SK Blogspot. November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
^ Prawat Patani. "History of Patani". Geocities Archive. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
^ 1911, p. 49.

[WoodHistory-1] Wood, W.A.R. A History of Siam. Sribundit Press. p. 110. Retrieved 29 May 2025.

[FOOTNOTEThanēt_ʻĀphō̜nsuwan200722-2] Thanēt ʻĀphō̜nsuwan2007, p. 22.

[3] ="Bradley2015">Bradley, Francis R. (2015). "Chapter 5". The Five Patani-Siam Wars: The Destruction of the Orangkaya. University of Hawai‘i Press. Retrieved 29 May 2025.

[AyutthayaHistory-4] "Ayutthaya Historical Events (1600 CE)". Ayutthaya History. Retrieved 29 May 2025.

[5] Syukri, Ibrahim (1985). History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani. Ohio Uninversity Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0896801233.

[AnuarPatani-6] Anuar, Nik Mahmud (2000). Sejarah perjuangan Melayu Patani, 1785–1954. UKM. Retrieved 29 May 2025.

[FOOTNOTERonald_Bishop_Smith196751-7] Ronald Bishop Smith 1967, p. 51.

[KitabTamadunMelayu-8] Panel Penulis The Patriots (2019). Kitab Tamadun Melayu (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Patriots Publication. p. 400. ISBN 9789671652893.

[Ibrahim1985-9] Syukri, Ibrahim (1985). The History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani. Translated by Conner Bailey and John N. Miksic. Ohio University Press.

[PensejarahanPatani-10] Mohd. Zamberi A. Malek (2006). Pensejarahan Patani (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya. p. 100. ISBN 9789831003473.

[PPSK-11] "Patani-Kelantan: Episod Pengenalan". PP-SK Blogspot. November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2025.

[Prawat-12] Prawat Patani. "History of Patani". Geocities Archive. Retrieved 29 May 2025.

[FOOTNOTE191149-13] 1911, p. 49.

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