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Siege (Mason book)

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Siege
AuthorJames Mason
LanguageEnglish (translated into several languages)
SubjectTerrorism, neo-Nazism
Published1980–1986 (newsletter)
1992 (1st edition)
2003 (2nd edition)
2017 (3rd edition)
2018 (4th edition)
2021 (5th edition)
2023 (6th edition)
Publication placeUnited States
Media type(hardcover and paperback)
Pages434 (first edition)
ISBN978-0-9724408-0-6 (hardcover)
OCLC43098249

Siege (sometimes stylised as SIEGE), originally published as Siege: The Collected Writings of James Mason, is an anthology of essays by the neo-Nazi James Mason. After growing disillusioned with the mass movement approach of neo-Nazi movements, Mason began advocating for white revolution through terrorism. Mason originally wrote the essays from 1980 to 1986 for the National Socialist Liberation Front newsletter of the same name. The essays were published in a single volume by Michael J. Moynihan in 1992. It has since been republished and reedited multiple times.

In the 2010s the book found a new audience online among younger neo-Nazis due to the book's republication by the neo-fascist forum Iron March. In addition to its promotion of neo-Nazism, it lionizes serial killers, mass murderers, and Charles Manson. Siege advocates neo-Nazi lone wolf terrorism, and has been tied to numerous terrorist groups and attacks.

Background

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James Mason (born 1952) had been a neo-Nazi since he was 14, initially joining George Lincoln Rockwell's American Nazi Party, before he joined a militant splinter of that group, the National Socialist Liberation Front (NSLF).[1][2] As a result of his writing of Siege, he has been designated a terrorist entity in Canada.[3] While writing Siege, he became increasingly disillusioned by neo-Nazi group organization, and in favor of self-directed action; he initially promoted open guerrilla warfare but came to see this as insufficient.[4][5] Siege emerged out of the faction of the American Nazi Party that wished for explicit revolutionary violence. Another former member of this wing of the ANP was William Luther Pierce, who wrote The Turner Diaries.[6]

Publication history

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Newsletter

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When he joined the NSLF, Mason become the editor of the group's periodical, Siege.[2][7] The Siege newsletter, the newsletter of the NSLF, ran each month from August 1980 until June 1986.[8][9] Each issue was six pages and was almost always written by Mason.[9] Mason's writings frequently built off the ideologies of George Lincoln Rockwell, Joseph Tommasi, Adolf Hitler, and William Luther Pierce. The newsletter also sometimes came in the form of reprints and writing by Joseph Tommasi, Perry Warthan, and Frank Spisak.

During this time, Mason's neo-Nazi ideology remained ardent, but also fluctuated. For example, he ultimately proclaimed Christianity as an important facet of neo-Nazism in the last years of the publication.[9] Another fluctuation during this newsletter was his support for violent activism. In the beginning, Mason wrote fondly of violent tactics from leftists and Black nationalists. Later, however, his support for this sort of activism — even more broadly — waned. Through and through, the SIEGE Newsletter remained anti-system, even rejecting notions of being conservative or right-wing. It advocated "a TOTAL WAR" and advocated acts that would end in a "total and complete revolution" against the establishment, what it called "the Jew-Capitalist System!!"[9]

In terms of violent activism, Mason was drawn to state and civilian clashes such as the 1981 Brink's robbery and the 1985 MOVE bombing. However, he advised that the neo-Nazis should let Black nationalists and leftists fight this fight with the state and that the neo-Nazi movement should deactivate any violent activism.[10] The newsletter ended when Mason received harsh criticism over his views from other neo-Nazis for their radicalism, particularly his support of Charles Manson.[2][8] During its run, the newsletter had a circulation of less than 100 copies.[11]

Book

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With the ending of the Siege Newsletter, other figures in the American neo-Nazi movement such as Michael J. Moynihan encouraged Mason to create an anthology of sorts that included his earlier works. Moynihan himself ended up writing the introduction, under the pseudonym Michael M. Jenkins,[12] to the SIEGE book, excerpted below:[13]

The SIEGE volume you hold in your hands is intended both as a guide and a tool. For the observer, or the curious, it serves as a guide through the netherworld of extremist political thought.... this book offers a unique and direct access-point to understanding the philosophy, tactics, and propaganda of an increasingly militant and uncompromising brand of National Socialism. ... Secondly, and more importantly, this book is meant to serve as a practical tool. A majority of readers will hopefully not be mere sociologists or researchers, but rather that small faction of people who may be already predisposed towards these ideas. this certainly does not only refer to National Socialists, but revolutionaries and fanatics of all stripes.

After years of struggling to find someone who would publish the book for Mason, the book came out in 1992, entitled SIEGE: The Collected Writings of James Mason. Mason dedicated the book to Charles Manson, whose antisemitism, female following, racism, and popularity among young people inspired his own work.[13][5][14] The first edition was published by Moynihan under the Storm Books imprint.[2][14] The contents in the book are arranged by theme, not chronologically.[4] A second edition was released in 2003 by Ryan Schuster. Schuster wrote the preface to the second edition, declaring its intention "to be used as a cookbook and a guide".[15] Four more editions followed in 2017, 2018, 2021,[2] and a sixth edition in 2023.[16] There were also additional online editions and extended ones published by the neo-fascist forum Iron March, theirs coming in 2015.[11][2]

Siege has also been republished by the Atomwaffen Division and distributed by Nordic Resistance Movement.[17][18] It has been translated into several languages.[16] The various editions entailed changes in content, and later editions were substantially longer. Siege's first edition was 434 pages long, and its fourth edition was 684 pages. Images, prefaces, and appendices were added to later editions. These additions included speeches from influential neo-Nazi figures, other magazine articles, and propaganda posters.[19]

Ideology and contents

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Siege idolizes Adolf Hitler, and adheres to what it describes as terroristic National Socialism; Mason describes Hitler as "the greatest personality in all of history" and "the LAST CHANCE for the revival of Western Civilization".[20] The tone is deeply pessimistic about the state of society.[20] It includes the idea of The System, which is a conspiracy of the government, Jews and capitalists acting against white interests.[21][22] Mason describes the American government as the enemy, saying it is "by every standard of measure, the most evil thing that has ever existed on earth", and argues any act against it is justified. It denies the Holocaust, employs several antisemitic conspiracies, and defends the Manson murders.[20] In addition to Manson and Hitler, it lionizes Joseph Tommasi (the leader of the NLSF, killed in the 1970s) and the occultist Savitri Devi.[22] Siege does not use the term accelerationism but Manson employs similar ideas.[23]

Scholars Bethan Johnson and Matthew Feldman described it as "unrepentantly and unflinchingly racist, antisemitic, white supremacist, and anti-democratic", but that it was rather distinguished from other neo-Nazi works by "the terroristic extremity of Siege's call for violence".[24] It celebrates violence, chronicles real-world attacks by far-right extremists, even of people otherwise innocent; it is argued that there can be no innocents or those considered noncombatants in a "race war". Anyone who disagrees with this is considered an enemy, whether it is a "comrade, friend, family member [...] it doesn't matter."[25] It celebrates various serial killers and mass murderers, some of whom he had known personally, and even terrorist attacks committed by leftists.[5][26]

Siege explicitly advocated lone wolf terrorism, as opposed to group terrorism. It was noted as the first text to do so; later, William Luther Pierce would espouse similar ideas in the novel Hunter, and the Louis Beam published his better-known essay "Leaderless Resistance", which may have been influenced by Mason.[27][28] It advises against group planning due to the risk of detection. This is the work's main message, advising of lone wolf terror to "an all-consuming extent".[29] To this end, it extensively glorifies past lone wolf terrorists, creating a "canon" of them. It particularly presents this as a benefit to those who have experienced social rejection, presenting their rejection by society is actually a virtue, as Mason claims "to be outside this society is a marked badge of honor", and attempts to convince such a reader that by becoming terrorists they will be immortalized and respected. Johnson and Feldman noted Siege's rhetoric as "a near perfect execution" of the radicalization and indoctrination technique of "reorientation of personal trauma".[30]

Influence

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Siege is an obligatory read for those within the contemporary neo-Nazi movement today, and Mason is considered by some to be the most important fascist revolutionary alive.[31] Writer Spencer Sunshine described it as "the bible of the most extreme wing of the new generation of neo-Nazis", and noted it as "a strange book, mixing National Socialism with serial killers and a veneration of Charles Manson".[6] Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke wrote of the work in 2002 that it "preached violence, racial strife and an all-out war against the hated 'System'", and that it paid "extravagant" tribute to many neo-Nazis.[26]

Readership of the Siege newsletter was not large while it was in circulation,[9] and the book was largely obscure. This changed in the 2010s when it was rediscovered by the neo-Nazi forum Iron March, who published another edition in 2015.[11][32] As a result, Mason’s writings have inspired a global spike in militant neo-Nazi activity. Especially for younger neo-Nazis, since 2015 Siege has been a foundational text, arguably rivalling Mein Kampf. Counter-terrorists experts have found this concerning because Siege is at the "shamelessly terroristic" end of right-wing extremism".[33] According to the SPLC, the new generation of neo-Nazis are going through "total immersion in Mason’s teleology [...] they are challenging the established far-right and far-left with their eagerness to perpetrate violence."[34] According to the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism it has "a radicalising effect on right-wing extremists".[35] Although fringe ideology even among right-wing extremists, "Siege Culture has underpinned many of the recent counter terrorism cases linked to the extreme-right in the UK" according to Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats.[21]

The meme "Read Siege" and hashtag #ReadSiege became popular among the internet neo-Nazis and alt-right social media. They especially increased after the Unite the Right rally in 2017.[8][36] Various terms grew out of the movement around the book.[37] The subculture "Siege Culture" by neo-Nazis and counter-extremism experts alike.[38][37] Other members of the far-right derided those interested in the book as "Siege Fags", and convincing others to adopt the book's ideology was called "Siege Pilling".[37] Siege Culture includes the idea of The System, which is a conspiracy of the government, Jews and capitalists acting against white interests.[21] Within Siege Culture, Fascism is the highest truth and the natural state in which whites dominate all others. As a result, Siege Culture believes that any softening of the message to increase their appeal is impossible, and that any form of compromise is inherently flawed. Siege Culture is critical of other right-wingers who are seen as being uncommitted and resulting in a belief that they represent a revolutionary vanguard with access to special truths.[21]

Siege received little scholarly attention prior to the 2010s, with the exception of two scholars of the far-right: Jeffrey Kaplan and Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, who had studied it earlier, prior to the release of its second edition. Kaplan had discussed it briefly in a 1995 article entitled "Right Wing Violence in America" and in a 1997 article entitled "'Leaderless Resistance'", while Goodrick-Clarke covered it in his 2002 book Black Sun, where he gave the first substantial scholarly analysis of the work.[39] Due to its rise in influence it gained substantially more scholarly attention in the 2010s.[40]

Crimes and organizations tied to Siege

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Globally, Siege Culture has been connected to innumerable terror attacks and plots. The Counter Extremism Project connected Siege Culture to 25 terrorists in 2020 alone.[1] For example, in Finland in 2021 five men who according to the Finnish security services adhered to Siege Culture were arrested with weapons and explosives.[41][42][43]

According to TASS, the Primorsky court of St. Petersburg declared on August 14, 2023 that "The court recognized [Siege] by James Mason as extremist material prohibited from distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation". The court recognized that Siege had inspired, among others, an Atomwaffen Division cell in Buryatia that planned attacks against racial minorities and drug users. The court banned 11 websites that hosted and distributed Siege.[44]

In a memo, the FBI mentions a "Siege network," which they describe as a "global network of online channels and real-world groups that cooperate with each other in analog reality."[45] Likewise Europol noted on "Terrorist Situation and Trend Report" for 2022 that "SIEGE and Accelerationism, both with significant potential for inciting violence, were the most prominent ideologies in 2021, especially attracting young people radicalised online."[46]

Siege Culture organizations

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References

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  1. ^ a b "James Mason's Siege: Ties to Extremists". Counter Extremism Project. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 4.
  3. ^ Public Safety Canada (21 December 2018). "Currently listed entities". Government of Canada. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  4. ^ a b Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 13.
  5. ^ a b c Sunshine 2024, p. 9.
  6. ^ a b Sunshine 2024, p. 1.
  7. ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 207.
  8. ^ a b c "James Mason". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e Sunshine 2024, pp. 112–116.
  10. ^ Sunshine 2024, p. 120.
  11. ^ a b c Sunshine 2024, p. 8.
  12. ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 308.
  13. ^ a b Sunshine 2024, pp. 236–238.
  14. ^ a b Goodrick-Clarke 2002, pp. 207, 308.
  15. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 1.
  16. ^ a b Sunshine 2024, p. 13.
  17. ^ a b "Backgrounder: Atomwaffen Division (AWD)/ National Socialist Order (NSO)". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  18. ^ Violent Right-Wing Extremism and Terrorism – Transnational Connectivity, Definitions, Incidents, Structures and Countermeasures (PDF) (Report). Counter Extremism Project. November 2020. p. 66. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  19. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 5.
  20. ^ a b c Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 7.
  21. ^ a b c d "Siege Culture and Accelerationism in the UK". Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  22. ^ a b Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 19.
  23. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 6.
  24. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, pp. 7, 11.
  25. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, pp. 11–12.
  26. ^ a b Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 26.
  27. ^ Feldman, Matthew; Johnson, Bethan (17 August 2021). "The Godfather of Fascist Terrorism". Fair Observer. ISSN 2372-9112. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  28. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, pp. 6, 12–13.
  29. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 14.
  30. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, pp. 15, 17.
  31. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2021, p. 2.
  32. ^ a b Upchurch 2021, p. 27.
  33. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2021, p. 3.
  34. ^ "Atomwaffen and the SIEGE parallax: how one neo-Nazi's life's work is fueling a younger generation". Southern Poverty Law Center. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  35. ^ a b Johnson & Feldman 2021, p. 1.
  36. ^ Sunshine 2024, p. 10.
  37. ^ a b c Sunshine 2024, pp. 10–11.
  38. ^ Pauwels, Annelies (2021). Contemporary manifestations of violent right-wing extremism in the EU: An overview of P/CVE practices (PDF) (Report). European Commission. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  39. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, pp. 2–3.
  40. ^ Johnson & Feldman 2023, p. 2.
  41. ^ Julku, Mari (4 December 2021). "Terroristiepäilyjen taustalla pahamaineinen Siege-kulttuuri – tästä siinä on kyse" [The infamous Siege culture behind terrorist suspects – here's what it's all about]. Iltalehti (in Finnish). Helsinki. ISSN 0783-0025. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  42. ^ Häkkinen, Henri (4 December 2021). "Kankaanpään epäiltyjen maailmankatsomus on marginaalinen jopa äärioikeiston sisällä - tutkijat kertovat, mitä akselerationismista tiedetään" [The worldview of the Kankaanpää suspects is marginal even within the far right - researchers share what is known about accelerationism]. Aamulehti (in Finnish). Tampere. ISSN 0355-6913. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  43. ^ "Äärioikeistolainen ideologia terrorismin näkökulmasta" [Far-right ideology from a terrorist perspective]. Finnish Security and Intelligence Service (in Finnish). 7 December 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  44. ^ "Суд Петербурга признал экстремистским сборник Siege американского неонациста Мейсона" [St. Petersburg court finds American neo-Nazi Mason's Siege collection extremist]. TASS (in Russian). Moscow. 14 August 2023.
  45. ^ Biermann, Kai; Fuchs, Christian; Geisler, Astrid; Musharbash, Yassin; Stark, Holger (11 February 2021). "Fascism: The Brown Internationale". Die Zeit. Hamburg. ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  46. ^ Terrorist Situation and Trend Report 2022 (PDF) (Report). Europol. 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  47. ^ Upchurch 2021, p. 34.
  48. ^ Upchurch 2021, p. 32.

Works cited

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