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Calabanga

Coordinates: 13°42′32″N 123°12′58″E / 13.7089°N 123.2161°E / 13.7089; 123.2161
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calabanga
Municipality
Municipality of Calabanga
Municipal Hall
Municipal Hall
Flag of Calabanga
Flag
Nickname: 
The True Heart of CamSur
Motto(s): 
Saro sa Pagtubod, Saro sa Pag-asenso!
Anthem: Calabanga March
Map of Camarines Sur with Calabanga highlighted
Map of Camarines Sur with Calabanga highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Calabanga is located in Philippines
Calabanga
Calabanga
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 13°42′32″N 123°12′58″E / 13.7089°N 123.2161°E / 13.7089; 123.2161
CountryPhilippines
RegionBicol Region
ProvinceCamarines Sur
District 3rd district
Founded1578 (Quipayo)
1756 (Calabanga)
Barangays48 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorEugene Severo
 • Vice MayorVictor B. de Villa
 • RepresentativeGabriel H. Bordado Jr.
 • Municipal Council
Members
  • Sherwin Francis O. Mendoza
  • Philip B. Dumalasa
  • Cielito G. Hilado
  • Levi S. Sta. Ana Jr.
  • Ricardo A. Calisura
  • Jan Oliver I. Tabinas
  • Danilo N. Gonzales
  • Sonia H. Medroso
 • Electorate56,728 voters (2025)
Area
[2]
 • Total
163.80 km2 (63.24 sq mi)
Elevation
13 m (43 ft)
Highest elevation
94 m (308 ft)
Lowest elevation
−2 m (−7 ft)
Population
 (2024 census)[3]
 • Total
88,918
 • Density540/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
 • Households
19,444
Economy
 • Income class1st municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence
38.07
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 362 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 650.9 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 287.3 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 219.4 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityCamarines Sur 2 Electric Cooperative (CASURECO 2)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
4405
PSGC
0501708000
IDD : area code +63 (0)54
Native languagesCentral Bikol
Tagalog
Websitewww.calabanga.gov.ph

Calabanga, officially the Municipality of Calabanga (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Calabanga; Tagalog: Bayan ng Calabanga), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 88,918 people.[5][6]

History

[edit]
Quipayo Church

In 1578 when the head Mission of Quipayo was established, Calabanga was only a visita or barrio. At that time, the place had vast forests and swamps and an abundance of wildlife. Others say, it derived its name from the Bicol word “Calabangan”, the plural term of “labang” or “litag”, meaning a kind of snare for catching wild animals. Another legend says that Calabanga originated from the word “Calagbangan” meaning the wide, long, and straight street spanning from the church through the poblacion, east to west, called locally as “calabaan” or “calacbangan”.

Calabanga became known with 400 tributes. On July 15, 1749, it was separated from Quipayo by virtue of the approval of Don Fray Joan de Arechera, Bishop Elect of Nueva Segovia of the Commissary of the King, in the petition signed & filed by 37 Calabangueños on April 28, 1749, for town to be conveniently administered.

There were 2 visitas, visita de Cagapad and visita de hinarijan and 12 barrios. The barrios were san Antonio, San Vicente, Santa Catalina, Nuestra Señora de Salud, San Lucas, San Miguel, Santa Isabel, Nuestra Señora del Carmen, San Roque, San Pablo, San Jose (now Balongay) and Belen.

Quipayo or Calabanga used to own Tinambak (Tinambac), Masirum (Siruma), Bombon, Magarao, Cabusao, and Piglabanan (Libmanan). Libmanan is the oldest that was established in 1580 while Bombon was the last being separated which was created in 1949.

Geography

[edit]
San Miguel Bay from Barangay Sabang

Calabanga has a land area of 16,380 hectares (40,500 acres), which constitutes 3.1% of the Camarines Sur's land area. It is bounded on the west by the Bicol River and beyond the municipality of Cabusao; on the south by the municipality of Bombon and Naga City; on the east by the forest lands of Mount Isarog, the Tigman River and each tributary forming the natural boundary and beyond the municipality of Tinambac; on the north by the fishing grounds of San Miguel Bay, and beyond, the municipalities of Sipocot, Basud and Mercedes.

Calabanga is divided into six areas:

Topography and slope

[edit]

The topographic landscape of the municipality could be characterized as generally flat with a slope 0-3%, gently sloping (3-8%) towards the direction of the eastern portion and finally rolling up to higher steeps towards the direction of the south-eastern part going to Mt. Isarog. The 0-3% slope is a broad area of flat to nearly level land which extends from Barangay Balongay along the Bicol River to Poblacion area and surrounding areas down to Barangay Manguiring. This is the dominant slope of the municipality.

Soil and water resources

[edit]

There are six soil types that could be found in the Municipality. These are the (1) Hydrosol which is dominant along the Bicol River covering parts of Barangays Balongay, San Bernardino and Punta Tarawal; (2) Balong Clay; (3) Pili Clay Loam; (4) Tigaon Clay which covers the poblacion; (5) Annan Clay Loam which could be found toward the direction of Tinambac and (6) Mountain Soil in the Mt. Isarog area.

Calabanga is bounded by water bodies, the San Miguel Bay on the northern part and the Bikol River on the western part which are sources of abundant supplies of fish of various species and other marine products. The major river systems, the Tigman, Hinaguianan and Inarihan rivers are presently utilized for irrigation purposes. They originate their main tributaries from Mt. Isarog and flow down in the north-western direction ultimately discharging the flow to San Miguel Bay.

Barangays

[edit]

Calabanga is politically subdivided into 48 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Currently, there are 14 of which located within the urban area while the remaining 34 barangays belong to the rural areas. It has 11 coastal barangays and 3 highly urbanized barangays.

  • Balatasan
  • Balombon
  • Balongay
  • Belen
  • Bigaas
  • Binanuaanan Grande
  • Binanuaanan Pequeño
  • Binaliw
  • Bonot-Santa Rosa
  • Bombon
  • Burabod
  • Cabanbanan
  • Cagsao
  • Camuning
  • Comaguingking
  • Del Carmen (Pob.)
  • Dominorog
  • Fabrica
  • Harubay
  • La Purisima (Quipayo)
  • Lugsad
  • Manguiring
  • Pagatpat (Urban)
  • Paolbo (Urban)
  • Pinada
  • Punta Tarawal (National Museum)
  • Quinale
  • Sabang (Urban)
  • Salvacion-Baybay
  • San Antonio Poblacion (Commercial Center)
  • San Antonio (Quipayo)
  • San Bernardino
  • San Francisco (Municipal Hall)
  • San Isidro (Market)
  • San Lucas (Urban)
  • San Miguel (Pob.)
  • San Pablo (Pob.)
  • San Roque (Urban)
  • San Vicente (Pob.)
  • Santa Cruz Poblacion (Urban)
  • Santa Cruz (Quipayo)
  • Santa Isabel (Pob.)
  • Santa Salud (Pob.)
  • Santo Domingo
  • Santo Niño (Quipayo)
  • Siba-o
  • Sibobo
  • Sogod
  • Tomagodtod

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32
(90) 		31
(88) 		34
(93) 		36
(97) 		37
(99) 		37
(99) 		36
(97) 		34
(93) 		35
(95) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		32
(90) 		34
(94)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 27
(81) 		27
(81) 		29
(84) 		31
(88) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		30
(85)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39.34
(1.55) 		68.7
(2.70) 		26.73
(1.05) 		66.19
(2.61) 		84.49
(3.33) 		178.89
(7.04) 		244.27
(9.62) 		188.3
(7.41) 		160.98
(6.34) 		445
(17.5) 		135.5
(5.33) 		367.8
(14.48) 		2,006.19
(78.96)
Average rainy days 16 18 13 15 23 28 30 24 26 27 25 29 274
Source: World Weather Online (Use with caution: this is modeled/calculated data, not measured locally.) [7]

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Calabanga
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 7,563—    
1918 7,953+0.34%
1939 15,087+3.10%
1948 21,791+4.17%
1960 28,467+2.25%
1970 34,718+2.00%
1975 40,274+3.02%
1980 43,030+1.33%
1990 54,261+2.35%
1995 59,164+1.63%
2000 67,408+2.84%
2007 73,333+1.17%
2010 78,119+2.33%
2015 83,033+1.17%
2020 88,906+1.45%
2024 88,918+0.00%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[8][9][10][11][12]

In the 2020 census, the population of Calabanga was 88,906 people,[13] with a density of 540 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,400 inhabitants per square mile.

In the 2020 PSA Survey, Calabanga had a total population of 88,906 with 35,088 or 39.5% belong to the urban population and 53,818 or 60.5% belong to the rural population. There was an increase of 5,873 over the 2015 population. The total population is distributed over 13,444 households, registering an increase of 1,371 households over the 1995 household of 11,073. The average household size in 2000 survey slightly goes up to 5.4 from 5.3 persons in 1995.

Between 1995 and 2000, Calabanga grew at the rate of 2.83%, higher than the 1990-1995 rate of 1.63%. As per the 2010 census, the municipal population density is 477 persons per km2.

Of the 48 barangays in the municipality, Barangay San Roque has the largest population of 5,513 people, composing 7.38% of the total population, followed by Barangay Santa Cruz Ratay with a population of 5,069 people. Barangay Punta Tarawal has the lowest population of 265 which only 0.44% of the total population.[10]

Despite the influx of various religious groups, a large segment which is 95.28% of the populace is still Roman Catholics. Most of the populace, 95.93% are Bicolano speaking.

Isarog Agta language

[edit]

In 2010, UNESCO released its third world volume of Endangered Languages in the World, where three critically endangered languages were in the Philippines. One of these languages is the Isarog Agta language which has an estimated five speakers in the year 2000. The language was classified as "critically endangered".[14] If the remaining people do not pass their native language to the next generation of Isarog Agta people, their indigenous language will be extinct within a period of one to two decades.

The Isarog Agta people live within the circumference of Mount Isarog, though only five of them still know their indigenous language. They are one of the original Negrito settlers in the entire Philippines. They belong to the Aeta people classification, but have distinct language and belief systems unique to their own culture and heritage.

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Calabanga

10
20
30
40
50
2000
46.95
2003
42.79
2006
38.80
2009
42.70
2012
33.38
2015
36.45
2018
26.78
2021
38.07

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Calabanga became a 1st class municipality in October 2009. It is one of the municipalities of the province of Camarines Sur and a member of the Metro Naga Development Council. With its fishing grounds and the vast agricultural area, it is a major supplier of fish and other marine products and prime agricultural products in the province as well as in Metro Manila.[23]

Banana growing on trees in Barangay Quinale Calabanga
Pinada Corn hill Calabanga, Camarines Sur

Tourism

[edit]
Cabgan Island

Calabanga has several tourist attractions. Famous sites include the group of small islets/islands of Kawit, Tanglad, and Cabgan. Other places include Tigman, Hinaguianan and Inarihan rivers.

Amang Hinulid

Notable Historical sites include the "Ladrillo" or a brick old church and ruins of Quipayo built sometime in 1578, more than four centuries ago, being the seat of the Catholic mission. Another is the "Hinulid", Santo Entiero shrine at Santa Salud which is an object of Friday devotion and pilgrimage. Thousands of devotees not only from Calabanga but other parts of Bicol Region and the country flock to the shrine during Maundy Thursday and Good Friday.

Government

[edit]

Elected officials

[edit]
Members of the Calabanga Municipal Council
(2022-2025)[24]
Position Name of official
District Representative (3rd Legislative District, Camarines Sur) Rep. Gabriel H. Bordado Jr.
Mayor Eugene Norman B. Severo
Vice-Mayor Victor B. de Villa
Councilors Sherwin Francis O. Mendoza
Ruben Medroso III
Ricardo A. Calisura
Cielito Hilado
Mike Bordado
Pungay Tabinas
Adonis Aguilar Jr.
Roque Orlin

Infrastructure

[edit]

Highways

[edit]

Calabanga only has one highway that traverses the municipality. It is the Naga North road or widely known as Naga - Siruma road. The highway starts at the boundary of Naga in the intersection of Bagumbayan St, San Vicente Road and Capilihan St to Amuris Beach in Siruma.

Utilities

[edit]

The main source for potable water supply is from Balombon spring. Its capacity is 10 lps which is able to serve 18 barangays. The areas being served are San Antonio poblacion, Del Carmen, Sta Isabel, San Miguel, San Vicente, Santa Salud, San Lucas, San Pablo, San Francisco, Sta Cruz Poblacion, Paolbo, Manguiring, Balombon, San Roque, San Isidro, Pagatpat, Sabang and Salvacion Baybay. Most of these are in the poblacion areas and the rest are the barangays traversed by the source from Balombon.

The power supply in Calabanga has been provided by the NAPOCOR through the Camarines Sur Electric Cooperative II (CASURECO II) since January 27, 1969 where the first lighting ceremony took off. At present, all the 48 barangays of the municipality are already served with electricity. As of 2020 census 99.82% of Calabangueños have access to electricity.

Transportation

[edit]

All the barangays of the municipality are link by road system. The municipality is easily accessible from Naga, Bicol Region's prime city. Most of the total road networks need improvements and rehabilitation to provide greater access to far-flung barangay residents and facilitate hauling and marketing of farm produce to the poblacion/ marketing centers.

From Metro Manila, Calabanga is accessible via Naga. First, by a 45-minute plane flight to Naga Airport located at Pili and a car/jeep ride of some 40 minutes to Calabanga. Another choice is a 7–10 hours aircon bus trip direct to Calabanga being provided by three bus lines. The Philippine National Railways (PNR) also provide trips from Manila to Bicol and vice- versa having a station at Naga City, then it takes some 20–30 minutes ride from Naga to Calabanga.

Communication and technology

[edit]

Calabanga is being served by private telephone companies, the L.M. United Telephone Company (UNITEL) and the BAYANTEL Company which provides individual connections for those at the urban and outlying barangays. These companies provide local and long-distance calls to Metro Manila or any point in the country or any other place where the system can reach. In 2002, the cellular mobile phone services within the municipality was improved and expanded through the installation of telecommunication facilities such as the cell site by two private telecommunication companies. The Bureau of Telecommunications, a government operated agency having a Telecom Office stationed in the municipality is providing telegraphic services to the residents of Calabanga while Postal services is provided mainly by the Philippine postal corporation.

According to the provincial government of Camarines Sur as of 2021 Calabanga has around 49,356 cellphone users and 30,057 people use internet.

Naga TV relay stations as well as the cable TV stations are tuned-in in the municipality while a local cable TV station and a private; local community television station and a newly opened radio station are based in the municipality. Radio broadcasts from several radio stations in Canaman, and Naga.

Environment protection

[edit]

Land protection

[edit]

Eastern Calabanga which supplies water to the municipality and is within Mount Isarog, was declared as a protected landscape in 2018 by Former Mayor Eduardo Severo. As a protected land area, construction of houses and establishments are prohibited. Construction of subdivisions are also prohibited in the irrigated areas of Calabanga.

Healthcare

[edit]

Health facilities available are 24 private clinics (Medical & Dental), 7 Main and Rural Health Centers and 15 Pharmacies.

With the social welfare services devolved to the LGU as mandated under RA 7160, which is the Local Government Code of 1991, the municipality of Calabanga have assumed the responsibility of implementing the various programs such as the Child and Youth Welfare, Family and Community Organizing, Women's Welfare, Elderly and Disabled persons. Other services include family life education and counseling, Aid to individuals in Crisis Situation and emergency assistance which have the most number of clienteles. The municipality was able to establish and maintain 62-Day Care Centers located at 48 barangays.

Education

[edit]

Education is offered through the 34 public elementary schools and 8 public secondary schools throughout the municipality. There are also several private schools offering pre-school, grade school and high school. A college education and technical/vocational courses are offered by two government-owned institutions; the Calabanga Community College and the Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (Calabanga Campus), as well as privately owned computer schools.[citation needed]

The literacy rate in the municipality is high at 98.5%. The NSO survey in 2000 for household population, 5 years old and over in terms of educational attainment, reflects the following; of the total population, 29,555 are in the elementary grade; 15,037 are in high school; only 2,623 or 0.045% of the population has no grade completed. Among the population, 4,446 are college undergraduates with 1,057 degree holders and 201 with post baccalaureate degrees.[citation needed]

Name of School Address
Calabanga Central Division Pilot School San Francisco, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Calabanga National High School[25] Santa Cruz Poblacion, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Calabanga West Central School San Francisco, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Central Bicol State University of Agriculture-Calabanga Santa Cruz, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Central Bicol State University of Agriculture Laboratory High School Calabanga Campus Santa Cruz Poblacion, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Balatasan Elementary School Balatasan, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Balombon Elementary School Balombon, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Balongay Elementary School Balongay, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Binaliw Elementary School Binaliw, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Binanuaanan Grande Elementary School Binanuaanan Grande, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Binanuanan Pequeño Elementary School Binanuaanan Pequeño, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Burabod Elementary School Burabod, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Cagsao Elementary School Cagsao, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Calabanga Community College Santa Cruz Poblacion, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Camuning Elementary School Camuning, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Comaguingking Elementary School Comaguingking, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Dominican School of Calabanga San Francisco, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Dominorog Elementary School Dominorog, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Escuela de la Salud Sta. Salud, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Fabrica Elementary School Fabrica, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
G. Dumalasa Elementary School Bonot Santa Rosa, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Hansel and Gretel Learning School San Isidro, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Harubay Elementary School Harubay, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Hinaguianan Elementary School Manguiring, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Ilihan Elementary School Tomagodtod, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Inarihan SDA Multi-Grade School Paolbo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Jose De Villa National High School Manguiring, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Lope Guisic Elementary School Santo Domingo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Lugsad Elementary School Lugsad, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Manguiring Elementary School Manguiring, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Medroso - Mendoza High School Binanuaanan Pequeno, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Our Lady of La Porteria Academy San Antonio, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Pagatpat Elementary School Pagatpat, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Paolbo-Belen Elementary School Paolbo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Pinada Elementary School Pinada, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Punta Tarala Elementary School Punta Tarawal, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Quinale Elem. School Quinale, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Quipayo Elementary School La Purisima, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Quipayo High School San Antonio Quipayo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Ratay Elementary School Santa Cruz, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Sabang Elementary School Sabang, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Sabang High School Sabang, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Salvacion Baybay Elementary School Salvacion Baybay, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
San Bernardino Elementary School San Bernardino, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Santa Cruz Quipayo Elementary School Santa Cruz Quipayo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Siba-o Elem. School Siba-o, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Sibobo, Elementary School Sibobo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Taculod Elementary School San Roque, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Tomagodtod Elementary School Tomagodtod, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Union Elementary School San Lucas, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Union National High School Santo Domingo, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
West Coast High School Dominorog, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
MRDA Academic Center, Inc San Isidro, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Bicol Far East Polytechnic School, Inc.(TESDA Accredited Training Center) San Isidro, Calabanga, Camarines Sur

Notable Person

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^  Municipality of Calabanga | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. 17 July 2025. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  5. ^ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. 17 July 2025. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  6. ^ "Municipality of Calabanga". psa.gov.ph. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  7. ^ "Calabanga, Camarines Sur: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". World Weather Online. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  8. ^ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. 17 July 2025. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  9. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region V (Bicol Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  10. ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region V (Bicol Region)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  11. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region V (Bicol Region)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  12. ^ "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  13. ^ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. 17 July 2025. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  14. ^ Evans, Lisa (2011-04-15). "Endangered languages: the full list". The Guardian. Retrieved 2025-08-09.
  15. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  16. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
  17. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
  18. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
  19. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
  20. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
  21. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  22. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Camarines Sur Province". Camarines Sur. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  24. ^ "Halalan 2022 Philippine Election Results | ABS-CBN Results". May 13, 2022.
  25. ^ "REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10238 - AN ACT CONVERTING THE CALABANGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CALABANGA, PROVINCE OF CAMARINES SUR INTO A NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL TO BE KNOWN AS CALABANGA NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR - Supreme Court E-Library". elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2025-05-21. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  26. ^ Nadera, Vim (January 6, 2013). "'Indio' Genius Named Suzette Doctolero (First of Four Parts)". Manila Bulletin (in English and Tagalog). Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
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