Richard Kunze

Richard Kunze
Richard Kunze
Born	5 February 1872; Sagan, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Disappeared	May 1945 (age 73); Berlin
Status	presumed dead
Nationality	German
Other names	Knüpple Kunze
Occupation	Political organiser
Years active	1914–1945
Known for	Antisemitic politician
Title	Member of the Reichstag
Term	1924; 1933–1945
Political party	German Conservative Party; Fatherland Party; Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund; Deutschvölkischen Arbeitsring Berlin; German National People's Party; German Social Party; Nazi Party

Richard Kunze (5 February 1872 in Sagan – May 1945) was a German right-wing politician known for his antisemitism.

Early years

Kunze's political career began around 1914 when the German Conservative Party employed him and fellow rightist Wilhelm Kube.^[1] Serving the party as general secretary, he earned 12,000 marks per month for a role primarily involving travelling in Germany, drumming up support.^[2] Near the end of the war, he became involved with the Fatherland Party, where he gained the nickname Knüppel-Kunze (Cudgel Kunze) because of strong attacks on the Jews.^[3]

Post-war activity

After the war, Kunze was associated with the Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund and in 1920, he joined with Reinhold Wulle and Arnold Ruge to form the Deutschvölkischen Arbeitsring Berlin, a short-lived successor group.^[4] The German National People's Party (DNVP) absorbed the group in June 1920, and Kunze joined the DNVP and became the party's chief publicist.^[3] However, Kunze split from the party in 1921, feeling that it did not match his own hard-line stance on the Jews.^[5]

German Social Party

In 1921, Kunze established his antisemitic party in north Germany, known as the German Social Party, an early rival to the Nazi Party on the far right.^[6] The new party rejected the monarchism of the DNVP, arguing that Jewish influence had been just as pronounced in the German empire as in the new Weimar Republic.^[5] In May 1924, Kunze was elected as a deputy to the Reichstag on the ticket from electoral constituency 3 (Potsdam II), until the October dissolution.^[7] The party became noted for provocative street activities, with Kunze becoming a well-known demagogue.^[8] However, support was lost as Kunze also gained a reputation for using the party to make money, diverting funds into his pockets. After several defections, he wound the party up in 1929.^[9]

Nazism

In 1930, Kunze joined his old rivals as a member of the Nazi Party.^[10] Kunze was elected to the Preußischer Landtag as a Nazi delegate in 1932. In November 1933, he was elected to the Reichstag from his former constituency in Potsdam and, at the March 1936 election, he switched to represent constituency 5 (Frankfurt an der Oder).^[7] He continued to serve until 1945 in what had become a perfunctory institution by then.^[9]

Kunze was arrested after the Battle of Berlin, but went missing in May 1945 and was presumed dead.^[11]

References

^ Alastair P. Thompson, Left Liberals, The State, and Popular Politics in Wilhelmine Germany, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 9
^ Thompson, Left Liberals, The State, and Popular Politics in Wilhelmine Germany, p. 64
^ ^a ^b Paul Bookbinder, Weimar Germany: The Republic of the Reasonable, Manchester University Press, 1996, p. 45
^ Uwe Lohalm, Völkischer Radikalismus: Die Geschichte des Deutschvölkischen Schutz- und Trutz-Bundes. 1919–1923 Leibniz-Verlag, Hamburg 1970, p. 258
^ ^a ^b Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany, Transaction Publishers, 2001, p. 50
^ Konrad Heiden, A History of National Socialism, Taylor & Francis, 1971, p. 23
^ ^a ^b Richard Kunze entry in the Reichstag Members Database
^ Manfred Weißbecker: "Deutschsoziale Partei 1921−1928", in: Dieter Fricke (ed.): Lexikon zur Parteiengeschichte. Die bürgerlichen und kleinbürgerlichen Parteien und Verbände in Deutschland (1789−1945). Band 2, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1984, p. 539
^ ^a ^b Bernd Kruppa: Rechtsradikalismus in Berlin 1918−1928. Overall-Verlag, Berlin 1988, pp. 300; 327ff; 362
^ Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany, p. 52
^ Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band 6, Die Weimarer Reichsverfassung. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1984, p. 282.

[1] Alastair P. Thompson, Left Liberals, The State, and Popular Politics in Wilhelmine Germany, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 9

[2] Thompson, Left Liberals, The State, and Popular Politics in Wilhelmine Germany, p. 64

[Bookbinder-3] Paul Bookbinder, Weimar Germany: The Republic of the Reasonable, Manchester University Press, 1996, p. 45

[4] Uwe Lohalm, Völkischer Radikalismus: Die Geschichte des Deutschvölkischen Schutz- und Trutz-Bundes. 1919–1923 Leibniz-Verlag, Hamburg 1970, p. 258

[Niewyk-5] Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany, Transaction Publishers, 2001, p. 50

[6] Konrad Heiden, A History of National Socialism, Taylor & Francis, 1971, p. 23

[RDB-7] Richard Kunze entry in the Reichstag Members Database

[8] Manfred Weißbecker: "Deutschsoziale Partei 1921−1928", in: Dieter Fricke (ed.): Lexikon zur Parteiengeschichte. Die bürgerlichen und kleinbürgerlichen Parteien und Verbände in Deutschland (1789−1945). Band 2, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1984, p. 539

[Kruppa-9] Bernd Kruppa: Rechtsradikalismus in Berlin 1918−1928. Overall-Verlag, Berlin 1988, pp. 300; 327ff; 362

[10] Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany, p. 52

[11] Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band 6, Die Weimarer Reichsverfassung. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1984, p. 282.

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