Flag of Croatia Coat of Arms of Croatia
Croatia Republic of Croatia , is a country in Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea . It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb , forms one of the country's primary subdivisions , with twenty counties . Other major urban centers include Split , Rijeka and Osijek . The country spans 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.
The Croats arrived in modern-day Croatia, then part of Roman Illyria , in the late 6th century. By the 7th century, they had organized the territory into two duchies . Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke Branimir . Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom . During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended, Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest , the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs , independent from the Habsburg Empire , was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918, it merged into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of Croatia was incorporated into a Nazi-installed puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia . A resistance movement led to the creation of the Socialist Republic of Croatia , which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence , and the War of Independence was successfully fought over the next four years.
Croatia is a republic and a parliamentary democracy . It is a member of the European Union , the Eurozone , the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the Council of Europe , the OSCE , the World Trade Organization , a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean , and is currently in the process of joining the OECD . An active participant in United Nations peacekeeping , Croatia contributed troops to the International Security Assistance Force and was elected to fill a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council in the 2008–2009 term for the first time.
Croatia is a developed country with an advanced high-income economy . Service , industrial sectors , and agriculture dominate the economy . Tourism is a significant source of revenue for the country, with nearly 20 million tourist arrivals as of 2019. Since the 2000s, the Croatian government has heavily invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors . Croatia has also positioned itself as a regional energy leader in the early 2020s and is contributing to the diversification of Europe's energy supply via its floating liquefied natural gas import terminal off Krk island, LNG Hrvatska . Croatia provides social security , universal health care , and tuition-free primary and secondary education while supporting culture through public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing . (Full article...
Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards. Operation Alfa Italian : Operazione Alfa ; Serbo-Croatian : Operacija Alfa, Операција Алфа ) was an offensive carried out in early October 1942 by the military forces of Italy and the Axis puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), supported by Chetnik forces under the control of vojvoda Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin . The offensive was directed against the communist -led Partisans in the Prozor region (today in Bosnia and Herzegovina ), then a part of the NDH. The operation was militarily inconclusive, and in the aftermath, Chetnik forces conducted mass killings of civilians in the area.
The operation was arranged between Generale designato d'armata General ) Mario Roatta , commander of the Italian Second Army , and Trifunović-Birčanin, with the approval of the overall Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović . It was carried out in coordination with the Germans and included elements of the Croatian Home Guard and the NDH Air Force . Faced with heavy weaponry and seriously outnumbered, the Partisans retreated and withdrew from Prozor without significant fighting. Chetniks elements under the command of Dobroslav Jevđević and Petar Baćović then massacred between 543 and 2,500 Croats and Muslims and destroyed numerous villages in the area. Following protests from both the Italians and the Croatian authorities, the Chetnik elements were discharged or relocated. Italian and NDH forces followed up Operation Alfa with Operation Beta , which was focused on capturing Livno and surrounding localities. Baćović was killed by NDH forces near the end of the war, while Jevđević escaped to Italy and avoided prosecution by the new Yugoslav government. Mihailović was captured by the communist authorities following the war, tried and found guilty for the Chetnik actions at Prozor (among other charges), and was sentenced to death and executed. (Full article...
The following are images from various Croatia-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Portal of the
Trogir cathedral by sculptor
Radovan , c. 1240 (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 2 The 1527 Cetingrad Charter, preserved in the
National Archives of Austria contains seals of most distinguished Croatian nobles such as:
Ivan Karlović ,
Nikola III Zrinski as well as seal with
Croatian checkerboard . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 3 Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia,
Ante Pavelić , shakes hands with
Adolf Hitler in 1941. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 6 A chair designed by Bernardo Bernardi in 1956. (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 7 The
flag of Croatia was hoisted together with the
flag of Europe on the building of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs in Zagreb as a symbol of Croatia's membership in both the
Council of Europe and the
European Union (from
History of Croatia )
Image 9 Fans on
Poljud stadium during Croatia's biggest football derby between
Hajduk Split and
Dinamo Zagreb . (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 10 A 16th century depiction of
Vrana monastery , seat of
John of Palisna . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 11 A map of 10th-century Croatian counties (
županije ), as they were mentioned in
De Administrando Imperio . The counties marked in blue represent the territories governed by the Croatian Ban. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 12 Architecture of Old Town in
Dubrovnik (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 13 Croatians in a caffe bar on Petar Preradović Square, also known as "Flowers Square" (
Cvjetni trg ), in
Zagreb (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 14 Cathedral of
St Stephen in
Zagreb , the capital of Croatia, the 14th century interior (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 16 Croatia became the 28th EU member country on 1 July 2013. (from
Croatia )
Image 17 Plitvice Lakes,
IUCN Category II (
National Park ) (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 19 The
Baška Tablet from the 11th century, written in the Croatian language and Glagolitic script. (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 20 Pelješac Bridge connects the peninsula of
Pelješac and through it the southernmost part, including
Dubrovnik , with the
Croatian mainland . (from
Croatia )
Image 21 A border marking of Illyrian Provinces on Sava river shores in modern-day
Zagreb . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 23 Cardinal
Aloysius Stepinac with the Croatian communist leader
Vladimir Bakarić at the celebration of
May Day , shortly before Stepinac was arrested and convicted by the communists (from
Croatia )
Image 25 Mass protests in Zagreb against the unification of the
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs with the
Kingdom of Serbia in 1918 (from
Croatia )
Image 26 Dubrovnik is Croatia's most visited and most popular destination. (from
Croatia )
Image 27 The 1835 issue of the magazine
Danicza , with lyrics of what would later become the Croatian national anthem "
Lijepa naša domovino " ("Our Beautiful Homeland"). (from
History of Croatia )
Image 28 A man wearing
Lika cap . (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 29 The
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within
Austria-Hungary created in 1868 following the
Croatian–Hungarian Settlement . (from
Croatia )
Image 30 Varaždin , capital of Croatia between 1767 and 1776, is the seat of
Varaždin county ; Pictured: Old Town fortress, one of 15 Croatia's sites inscribed on the
UNESCO World Heritage tentative list (from
Croatia )
Image 31 Portrait of a Roman woman, found in
Solin (Salona),
Croatia . (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 32 Tounj bridge on
Jozephina road (from
History of Croatia )
Image 33 Self-portrait with Dog (
Autoportret sa psom ) by
Miroslav Kraljević (1910)
Modern Gallery, Zagreb (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 34 Marko Marulić (18 August 1450 – 5 January 1524), Croatian poet, lawyer, judge, and Renaissance humanist who coined the term "psychology". He is the
national poet of Croatia. (from
Croatia )
Image 35 Josip Broz Tito led
Yugoslavia from 1944 to 1980; Pictured: Tito with the US president
Richard Nixon in the
White House , 1971 (from
Croatia )
Image 36 People of Zagreb celebrating
liberation on 12 May 1945 by
Croatian Partisans (from
Croatia )
Image 37 Proclamation of severing ties with
Austria-Hungary in front of
Croatian Sabor in 1918. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 39 Late 9th century
Church of Holy Salvation with a Carolingian
westwork , built at the time of duke
Branimir of Croatia . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 40 Pula Film Festival is held each year during summer. Its main stage is
Roman amphitheatre in Pula. (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 41 The woodcut by
Leonhard Beck , from
c. 1515, depicts the
Battle of Krbava Field between the Army of Croatian nobility and Ottoman akinjis. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 42 Vučedol dove – the most famous piece of bronze age
Vučedol culture . (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 43 Zlatni Rat beach on the Island of
Brač is one of the foremost spots of
tourism in Croatia . (from
Croatia )
Image 44 University of Zadar , 1396, Croatia's oldest university (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 46 The
Split pluteus with the figure of a king, dating from the 11th century. It is hypothesized to depict a Croatian king, probably
Petar Krešimir IV or
Zvonimir . It was originally situated in
Hollow Church . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 47 University Hospital Centre Zagreb is the largest hospital in Croatia and the teaching hospital of the
University of Zagreb . (from
Croatia )
Image 49 Kingdom of Croatia c. 925, during the reign of
King Tomislav (from
Croatia )
Image 50 Clockwise from top left: The central street of
Dubrovnik , the
Stradun , in ruins during the
Siege of Dubrovnik ; the damaged
Vukovar water tower , a symbol of the early conflict, flying the
Croatian tricolor ; soldiers of the
Croatian Army getting ready to destroy a
Serbian tank; the
Vukovar Memorial Cemetery; a Serbian
T-55 tank destroyed on the road to
Drniš (from
History of Croatia )
Image 51 Ban
Josip Jelačić at the opening of the first modern
Croatian Parliament (
Sabor ), 5 June 1848. The Croatian tricolour flag can be seen in the background. (from
Croatia )
Image 53 Rimac Automobili were designed and made in Croatia (from
Croatia )
Image 56 One of the seats of 14th-century magnate
Paul Šubić , in
Bribir . Paul held the hereditary titles of the
Ban of Croatia and
Lord of Bosnia . Croatian historians sometimes refer to Paul as "the uncrowned king of Croatia". (from
History of Croatia )
Image 57 Galešnjak island in a shape of a heart (from
Croatia )
Image 59 Croatian musical
diva Josipa Lisac . (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 60 Klis Fortress in the hinterland of town of
Split was one of the places that saw action during the
First Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1242. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 61 The assassination of Croatian MPs in the National Assembly in Belgrade was one of the events which greatly damaged relations between Serbs and Croats in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 62 Two parts of the Triune Kingdom: Croatia-Slavonia (number 17) and Dalmatia (number 5) within Austria-Hungary (from
History of Croatia )
Image 63 "Remnants of the Remnants" (
Reliquiae Reliquiarum ), shown on this map in yellow, represent the territory under the jurisdiction of Croatian-Slavonian
Sabor at the height of the Ottoman advance (from
History of Croatia )
Image 64 Savka Dabčević-Kučar ,
Croatian Spring participant; Europe's first female prime minister (from
History of Croatia )
Image 65 A tower on top of
Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) building in
Zagreb neighbourhood of Prisavlje. (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 66 Croatian borders similar to those established with the
Peace of Karlowitz in 1699. Although the peace treaty meant relief from Ottoman pressure, Croatia lost the compactness of its territory. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 68 Iapodian headwear and other material culture from
Gacka valley , Croatia. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 69 Ozalj Castle - one of Zrinski-Frankopan conspirators center and a center of Ozalj literary-linguistic circle which produced Croatian
baroque literature such as:
Putni tovaruš ,
Gazophylacium or
Gartlic za čas kratiti . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 70 National Memorial Cemetery of The Victims of Homeland War in Vukovar , the central place of holding the
National Remembrance Day , public holiday on 18 November, for all the victims of the war in Croatia and the
Vukovar massacre , one of the symbolic and crucial events in the
Croatian War of Independence 1991 (from
Croatia )
Image 71 Novigrad Castle , near
Zadar was a place where anti-court supporters held queens Mary and Elizabeth in captivity.
Velebit mountain can be seen in castle's background. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 72 Pula Arena , Roman amphitheatre located in
Pula , constructed between 27 BC and AD 68. (from
Croatia )
Image 73 Ethnic structure of Croatia in 2021. (from
Croatia )
Image 74 Tourist cruise on the
Danube river, eastern
Slavonia (from
Croatia )
Image 76 The
Law Code of Vinodol from 1288, written in
Glagolitic script , is the earliest legal text written in the Croatian language. This code regulated relations between inhabitants of the town of
Vinodol and their overlords, the
counts of Krk . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 77 Landscapes of
Motovun in
Istrian peninsula (from
Croatia )
Image 78 Ban
Josip Jelačić at the opening of the first Croatian civic Parliament (
Sabor ) whose deputies were elected on 5 June 1848. In earlier Sabors, members represented feudal estates rather than citizens. The Croatian tricolor flag can also be seen in the background. Dragutin Weingärtner, 1885. (from
History of Croatia )
Image 79 A map of the Istrian peninsula from the Roman map
Tabula Peutingeriana , made sometime in the 4th century (from
History of Croatia )
Image 80 Radio Zagreb , now a part of
Croatian national
public broadcasting company,
Croatian Radiotelevision , was the first public radio station in Southeast Europe. (from
Croatia )
Image 82 The historic centre of
Trogir has been included in the
UNESCO list of
World Heritage Site since 1997. (from
Croatia )
Image 84 Franjo Tuđman , the 1st president of the modern independent
Republic of Croatia (from
History of Croatia )
Image 85 Traditional Croatian musicians playing violins (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 86 Poštak Wind Farm near
Gračac ,
Zadar County . (from
Croatia )
Image 87 Croatian soldiers raising the flag on the
Knin fortress at a commemoration of the
Operation Storm , the Croatian military action which liberated occupied Croatian territories in 1995 (from
Croatia )
Image 88 Pluteus with the figure of king from 11th century, found in
Hollow Church in
Solin is thought to most likely depict a King of Croatia, probably
Petar Krešimir IV or
Demetrius Zvonimir . Above the sculpture,
Croatian interlace can also be seen, which is a common feature of
Croatian pre-romanesque art . (from
Culture of Croatia )
Image 89 The climax of Hasan Pasha's Great Offensive was
third Battle of Sisak on 22 June 1593. The battle is depicted here by
Johann Weikhard von Valvasor . (from
History of Croatia )
Image 91 Medieval Croatia (dark green) south of
Gvozd Mountain shown in relation to medieval Slavonia (green) centered around
Diocese of Zagreb . (from
History of Croatia )
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović pronounced [ɡrǎbar kitǎːroʋitɕ] ⓘ née Grabar ; born 29 April 1968) is a Croatian politician and diplomat who served as the president of Croatia from 2015 to 2020. She was the first woman to be elected to the office since the first multi-party elections in 1990 and independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. At 46 years of age, she also became the youngest person to assume the presidency.
Before her election as President of Croatia, Grabar-Kitarović held a number of governmental and diplomatic posts. She was minister of European Affairs from 2003 to 2005, the first female minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration from 2005 to 2008, Croatian ambassador to the United States from 2008 to 2011 and assistant secretary general for public diplomacy at NATO under Secretaries General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Jens Stoltenberg from 2011 to 2014. (Full article...
The Sava river in Central and Southeast Europe , a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube . From its source in Slovenia it flows through Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina , and finally reaches Serbia , feeding into the Danube in its capital, Belgrade .
The Sava is 990 kilometres (615 miles) long, including the 45-kilometre (28 mi) Sava Dolinka headwater rising in Zelenci , Slovenia. It is the largest tributary of the Danube by volume of water, and the second-largest after the Tisza in terms of catchment area (97713 km² ) and length. It drains a significant portion of the Dinaric Alps region, through the major tributaries of Drina , Bosna , Kupa , Una , Vrbas , Lonja , Kolubara , Bosut and Krka . The Sava is one of the longest rivers in Europe and among the longest tributaries of another river. (Full article...
Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories
Religions in Croatia
Ex-Yugoslav countries
Other countries
The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:
Here are some tasks awaiting attention:
Dobro došli na hrvatski portal!
.jpg)
.jpg)
.svg)
.png)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.png)
.jpg)
,_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg)
.png)
.jpg)
Commons
Wikibooks
Wikidata
Wikinews
Wikiquote
Wikisource
Wikispecies
Wikiversity
Wikivoyage
Wiktionary
