Pleurotus dryinus
| Pleurotus dryinus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Pleurotaceae |
| Genus: | Pleurotus |
| Species: | P. dryinus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pleurotus dryinus | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Agaricus acerinus | |
Pleurotus dryinus | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is offset |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe has a ring |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic or parasitic |
 | Edibility is edible |
Pleurotus dryinus, commonly known as the veiled oyster mushroom,[1] is a species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae. It grows on dead wood and is a weak pathogen, especially infecting broad-leaved trees.
Taxonomy
[edit]The original definition of this fungus as Agaricus dryinus was made by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1800.[2] In 1871,[3] Paul Kummer introduced Pleurotus as a genus and defined three similar ringed species: Pleurotus corticatus, Pleurotus albertini and P. dryinus. They were distinguished because only P. corticatus has intertwined ("anastomosing") gills on the stem and P. albertini is bigger and grows on conifer wood rather than oak. All three are now considered to be forms of the same species.[4] The name dryinus takes precedence because it is the oldest.[5]
Also, in 1874 Elias Magnus Fries defined a species as Pleurotus tephrotrichus, which has a deeper grey colour. This has also been incorporated into P. dryinus but may be distinguished as the variety tephrotrichus.[6]
Etymology
[edit]The species name is a Latinised version of the Greek word "dryinos" (δρύῐνος), meaning "related to oak", referring to one of its main hosts.[7]
Description
[edit]The cap grows to 20 centimetres (8 in) across.[1] It is pale to beige, but can turn yellowish.[1] Veil remnants may adhere to the edge.[1] At first it is velvety (tomentose) and the tomentum can develop into grey-brown scales; in old specimens the surface becomes bare and may crack.
The whitish or pale brownish lateral stem may be very short or up to 10 cm long,[1] generally with a membranous ring.
The gills are decurrent well down the stipe and may anastomose (criss-cross) at the lower extreme. They are white, sometimes turning yellowish.[1]
The smell is described as "pleasant"[8] or "slightly polypore-like"[9] or "complex, a bit fruity or sourish". The taste is mild.
Microscopic characteristics
[edit]As with ordinary fragile mushrooms, the flesh may be monomitic but may be dimitic, having extra thick-walled hyphae which give the flesh a tough consistency.[10] There are no cystidia.
The spores are elongated in the form of a rounded cylinder and around 9–15 μm by 3–5 μm.
Similar taxa
[edit]| Designation,[5] author & date of related taxa | Relationship & status | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) Gray (1821) | This mushroom, which has been classified as a Pleurotus, is easy to mistake for P. dryinus.[11] | The gills are only slightly decurrent, with no ring. |
| Lentinus levis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill (1915) | This American mushroom, which has been classified as a Pleurotus, is easy to mistake for P. dryinus.[11] | It has no cap scales, ring, or veil remnants, and the felty surface is different.[12] |
| Pleurotus albertinii [Fr.) Sacc. (1887) | Once defined as a separate species, now part of P. dryinus | Larger than var. dryinus and grows on conifer, not deciduous wood |
| Pleurotus calyptratus (Lindblad ex Fr.) Sacc. (1887) | A similar but currently valid species, also with prominent veil remnants | Smells of flour,[13] little or no stipe, cap smooth, only on poplar[10] |
| Pleurotus corticatus (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871) | Once defined as a separate species, now part of P. dryinus, may be considered a variety | Has intertwined ("anastomosing") gills on the stem |
| Pleurotus dryinus var. dryinus P. Kumm (1871) | Distinguishes general P. dryinus from varieties | |
| Pleurotus dryinus var. tephrotrichus (Fr.) Damblon & Lambinon (1959) | Once defined as a separate species, now part of P. dryinus, may be considered a variety | Greyer than var. dryinus. |
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Appearing from summer to autumn, it is distributed throughout Europe, where it varies locally between common and rare.[14] It is also found in North America.[15]
This mushroom is saprobic on dead wood and can also be a weak parasite of trees (as a "white rot"). It occurs especially on oak (from which it derives its name), but also on beech, other broad-leaved trees,[10] and occasionally on conifers. It is often solitary or may grow in small groups.[1]
Uses
[edit]This mushroom is edible, though it is tough when older and inferior to the better-known members of Pleurotus.[16][14][17]
Like some other Pleurotus species, P. dryinus attacks nematodes and may provide a control method for these parasites when they infect cats and dogs.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ^ For the original name, see "Species Fungorum Agaricus dryinus page". Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
- ^ "Führer in die Pilzkunde" ("Guide to mycology").
- ^ Paul Kummer (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde. Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze, mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen [The guide to mycology. Introduction to methodical, easy and reliable identification of mushrooms occurring in Germany, with the exception of moulds and tiny slime moulds and Pyrenomycetes.] (in German). Zerbst: E. Luppe. p. 104.
- ^ a b For the current name and synonyms, see "Species Fungorum Pleurotus dryinus page". Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
- ^ For variety tephrotrichus, see "Species Fungorum Pleurotus dryinus var. tephrotrichus page". Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
- ^ See Woodhouse, S. C. (1910). English-Greek Dictionary - A Vocabulary of the Attic Language. George Routledge & Sons, Ltd. p. 564.
- ^ Marcel Bon (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 120. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
- ^ See Meinhard Moser (1983). Keys to Agarics and Boleti. Translated by Simon Plant. London: Roger Phillips. p. 62. ISBN 0-9508486-0-3.
- ^ a b c Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2008). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 322. ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0.
- ^ a b Kuo, M. (2009, April). Pleurotus dryinus. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site.
- ^ "Lentinus levis / Lentin poilu" (in French). Retrieved 2017-02-02.
- ^ Eyssartier, G.; Roux, P. (2013). Le guide des champignons France et Europe (in French). Belin. p. 972. ISBN 978-2-7011-8289-6.
- ^ a b Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 190. ISBN 978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English.
- ^ See the Global Biodiversity Information Facility page, which provides hyperlinks to records with geographical location.
- ^ "Pleurotus dryinus in MycoDB" (in French). Retrieved 2017-02-02.
- ^ "Crazy about Mushrooms - Pleurotus dryinus, the Veiled Oyster Mushroom". Archived from the original on 2020-01-13. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Pleurotus dryinus at Wikimedia Commons
