Pilibhit Tiger Reserve
| Pilibhit Tiger Reserve | |
|---|---|
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
 Forest in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve | |
   | |
| Location | Pilibhit District |
| Nearest city | Pilibhit |
| Coordinates | 28°41′31″N 79°51′11″E / 28.692°N 79.853°E |
| Area | 730.24 km2 (281.95 sq mi) |
| Max. elevation | 172 m |
| Established | 2014 (as tiger reserve) |
| Governing body | National Tiger Conservation Authority |
| Website | https://pilibhittigerreserve.in/ |
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is located in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh and was notified as a tiger reserve in 2014.[1] It forms part of the Terai Arc Landscape in the upper Gangetic Plain along the India-Nepal border. The habitat is characterised by sal forests, tall grasslands and swamp maintained by periodic flooding from rivers. The Sharda Sagar Dam extending up to a length of 22 km (14 mi) is on the boundary of the reserve.[2]
Pilibhit is one of the few well-forested districts in Uttar Pradesh. According to an estimate of the year 2018, Pilibhit district has over 800 km2 (310 sq mi) forests, constituting roughly 23% of the district’s total area. Forests in Pilibhit have at least 65 tiger and a prey including five species of deer. The tiger reserve got the first International award TX2 for doubling the tiger population in a stipulated time.[3]
History
[edit]The protected area used to be a timber yielding reserve forest, until it was declared as the 46th tiger reserve in June 2014.[1]
Geography
[edit]The northeastern boundary of the reserve is the River Sharda, which forms the Indo-Nepal border, while the southwest boundary is marked by the River Sharda and the River Ghaghara. Pilibhit Tiger Reserve consists of a core area of 602.79 km2 (232.74 sq mi) and a buffer area of 127.45 km2 (49.21 sq mi) in its periphery. The core area is restricted for human habitation, but there is some amount of disturbance due to traffic on roads passing through the reserve, people collecting forest resources and livestock grazing.[4] A wildlife corridor links Pilibhit Tiger Reserve with Jim Corbett National Park, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and Dudhwa National Park, and Shuklaphanta National Park in Nepal.[4]
Flora
[edit]Pilibhit Tiger Reserve harbours North Indian tropical moist deciduous forests with sal, moist Bhabar dhun sal, moist mixed deciduous, alluvial savannah woodland, and Northern tropical dry deciduous forests with dry Shivalik sal, dry bamboo brakes, Shivalik chir pine forests, grasslands and old plantations.[4] In general, the vegetation comprises of sal and mixed forests, interspersed with grasslands and riparian vegetation. There are more than 110 tree and 51 shrub species. The habitat is characterized by open meadows (chaurs) interspersed with sal and moist mixed deciduous forests. The grasslands are locally known as ‘Chaur’, which are an outcome of abandoned settlements or past clearings. Owing to their anthropogenic origin, these meadows are gradually getting colonized by gregarious woody species. There are several old plantations of the sixties and seventies, which include species like teak, Eucalyptus, Ailanthus, Terminalia alata (Asna), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Asidha), Adina cordifolia (Haldu), Mitragyna parviflora (Faldu), Gmelina arborea (Gahmhar), Holoptelea intgrifolia (Kanju), Acacia catechu (Khair), Pterocarpus marsupium (Vija sal), Kydia calyina (Poola), Lannea coromandelica (Jhigan) and Toona ciliate (Toon). Others include: Murraya koenigii (Kath neem), Grawia hirsute (Van Tulsi), Malloutus phillipensis (Rohni) and grasses like -Phragmites karka (Narkul), Cynodon dactylon (Doob), Vetiveria zizanioides (Khaskhas) and Erianthus munj (Moonj). However, such plantations are largely confined to the buffer area of the reserve. Several invasive weeds like Lantana and Cannabis are prevalent in the habitat. The forest patches are interspersed with grass meadows with several species like Sacchrum, Sclerostachya, Imperata, Themeda, Bothriochloa, Vetiveria, Apluda, Dichanthium, Digitaria and Cyperus. [4]
Fauna
[edit]
In spring 2010, a rusty-spotted cat was recorded by camera traps for the first time.[5] Other mammal species present in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve include a large number of Bengal tiger, leopard cat, Indian elephant, barasingha, tiger, leopard, fishing cat, barking deer, Four-horned antelope, blackbuck, chital, hog deer, sambar, sloth bear, Indian giant flying squirrel, porcupine, small Indian civet, Indian flying fox, short nosed fruit bat, Indian common yellow bat, painted bat, rhesus macaque, langur, golden jackal, Bengal fox and hyena.[4]
The 450 resident bird species include Sarus crane, three hornbill species and six of eagle species, white-rumped vulture, grey partridge, black partridge, swamp francolin, darter, lesser whistling duck, Indian pitta, combed duck, peafowl, herons, red junglefowl, cormorants, egrets.[4] Reptiles are represented by marsh crocodile, gharial, five lizard species and several snake species including Indian rock python, king cobra, and common krait.[4] The river system in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve harbour about 79 fish species.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Chanchani, P. (2015). "Pilibhit Tiger Reserve: conservation opportunities and challenges". Economic and Political Weekly. 50 (20): 19. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Pilibhit Tiger Reserve". Reserve Guide - Project Tiger Reserves In India. National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- ^ "Pilibhit Tiger Reserve Gets Global Award For Doubling Tiger Population". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Pilibhit Tiger Reserve" (PDF). National Tiger Conservation Authority.
- ^ Anwar, M.; Kumar, H. & Vattakavan, J. (2010). "Range extension of rusty-spotted cat to the Indian Terai". Cat News (53): 25–26.
External links
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