Penelope Carwardine
Penelope Carwardine | |
|---|---|
 A portrait of Carwardine by Thomas Bardwell | |
| Born | Withington, Herefordshire, England |
| Baptised | 29 April 1729 |
| Died | 14 October 1805 Herefordshire, England |
| Burial place | Preston Wynne, Herefordshire, England |
| Occupation | miniature painter |
| Years active | 1750–1790 |
Penelope Carwardine (c. 1729 – 14 October 1805; married name Penelope Butler) was an English portrait miniature painter.
Early life
[edit]Penelope Carwardine was baptised on 29 April 1729 at Withington, Herefordshire, England.[1] She was one of eight children born to John Carwardine of Thinghills Court and his wife, Anne Bullock of Preston Wynne.[1] With her father having ruined the family estates, Carwardine took to miniature painting to generate an income for the family.[2]
Career
[edit]According to the Dictionary of National Biography and other sources, she was instructed by Ozias Humphrey, and mastered miniature painting in 1754.[2] However, Humphrey was not born until 1742, so there is a possibility that Carwardine was teaching Humphrey and the information was muddled over time.[3] Her mother was also a miniature painter, and the two of them exhibited miniatures at the Incorporated Society of Artists in London in 1761 and 1762 under the name "Mrs Thomas Carwardine (Anne)."[1] Carwardine went on to exhibit there in 1771 and 1772.[4]
Carwardine belonged to the Modest School of English miniaturists, a group that also included Peter Paul Lens and Gervase Spencer.[1] The majority of her miniatures date between 1750 and 1785–90 and are usually signed PC,[1] which has been argued stand for her pseudonym Penelope Cotes.[5][6]
Carwardine was a close friend of the painters Joshua Reynolds and Frances Reynolds;[7] and among Sir Joshua's works is a portrait of one of her sisters, painted by him as a present for her. Many of her miniatures remained in the possession of her family as of 1887, together with three portraits of Carwardine: one by Thomas Bardwell, 1750; one by a Chinese artist, about 1756; the third by George Romney, about 1790.[8]
Marriage
[edit]On 26 May 1773, Carwardine married James Butler, the organist at the Church of St. Margaret's, Westminster and at the Church of St. James, Piccadilly in London.[1]
Death
[edit]Carwardine was widowed around 1800.[9] She died on 14 October 1805 and was buried at Preston Wynne, Herefordshire.[1]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Aronson, Julie Mitarb. Wieseman, Marjorie E. 1958- Mitarb. (2006). Perfect likeness European and American portrait miniatures from the Cincinnati Art Museum. [Publ. in conjunction with an exhibition organized by Cincinnati Art Museum. Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio. 4 March – 28 May 2006. Columbia Museum of Art, Columbia, South Carolina. 18 Aug. – 22 Oct. 2006]. Yale Univ. Pr. ISBN 0-300-11580-6. OCLC 1074329018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Humphreys, Jennett, revised by Emma Rutherford. (10 August 2023) [23 September 2004] "Carwardine [married name Butler], Penelope (1729–c.1801)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 11 May 2016
- ^ "Penelope Carwardine | James Boswell .info". jamesboswell.info. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Graves, Algernon (1969). The Society of Artists of Great Britain 1760-1791, the Free Society of Artists 1761-1783 a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from the foundation of the societies to 1791. Kingsmead Reprints. OCLC 1071280566.
- ^ Reynolds, Graham (1952). English Portrait Miniatures. A. & C. Black. p. 127.
- ^ Edwards, Ralph; Ramsey, L. G. G. (1957). The Early Georgian Period, 1714-1760. The Connoisseur. p. 142.
- ^ The Essex Review: An Illustrated Quarterly Record of Everything of Permanent Interest in the County. Vol. 52. E. Durant and Company. 1943. p. 62.
- ^ Humphreys 1887, p. 239.
- ^ Highfill, Philip H.; Burnim, Kalman A.; Langhans, Edward A. (1973). A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 448. ISBN 978-0-8093-0518-6.
References
[edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Humphreys, Jennett (1887). "Carwardine, Penelope". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 239.
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