Musa ibn ʿUqba
Musa ibn 'Uqba | |
|---|---|
موسى بن عقبة | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 55 AH / 675 CE Medina, Hejaz, Umayyad Caliphate |
| Died | 141 AH / 758–759 CE Medina, Hejaz, Abbasid Caliphate |
| Home town | Medina |
| Children | Muhammad |
| Parent | Uqba bin Abi 'Ayaash al-Asadi (Father) |
| Era | Umayyad Caliphate |
| Main interest(s) | Hadith, Sīrah |
| Notable work(s) | Kitāb al-maghāzī |
| Occupation | Jurist |
| Relations | Ibrahim bin 'Uqba (Brother) Muhammad bin 'Uqba (Brother) |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
| Arabic name | |
| Personal (Ism) | Mūsā موسى |
| Patronymic (Nasab) | Ibn ʿUqbah ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh عقبة ابن أبي عياش |
| Teknonymic (Kunya) | Abu Muhammad أبو محمد |
| Toponymic (Nisba) | Al-Asadī Al-Miṭraqī الأسدي المطرفي |
Mūsā ibn ʿUqbah ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh al-Asadi al-Miṭraqī (Arabic: موسى بن عقبة بن أبي عياش الأسدي المطرفي; d. 758/759 CE), known with his honorific as Mūsā ibn ʿUqba ([/ˈmuː.saː ʔibn ʕuq.ba/]), was an early Medinan historian, Jurist and traditionalist, pupil of Zuhri, and was a freed slave of the family of Zubair. Imam Malik was his pupil in this art and was full of praise of him, and was also an expert on maghāzī, the military expeditions on Sīrah. He wrote a Maghāzī which was lost after 14th century but rediscovered in 2021 when a manuscript was found.
Biography
[edit]Musa Ibn Uqba was a Muslim historian and Jurist, born in Medina. He was the youngest of three brothers, the others being Muhammad and Ibrahim. His lineage is traced back to Miṭraq, a historical region in Yemen. Musa's date of birth is not explicitly mentioned in any biographical works. However, he is recorded to have performed Hajj in the year 68 AH/687–688 CE. Based on this, some biographers estimate him to be born around 55 AH/675 CE.[1][2]: 31–32 [3]
He was from the freedman (mawālī) of the family of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. By virtue of this, Musa was affiliated with the Quraysh tribe, specifically with sub-clan of Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah.[2]: 31
Opinions regarding the identity of the person who manumitted Mūsā or his family are divided. According to some, Zubayr freed Musa’s maternal grandfather, Abū Ḥabībah. Others opine that Musa was himself the freedman of Umm Khalid, the wife of Zubayr.[4]: 266 Due to him being a freedman of the family of Zubayr, he could afford proximity of Zubayr's son Urwah, and his grandson's Hishām, Yaḥyā,ʿĀmir, and Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar, from whom he learned Sīrah.[2]: 32
His Kunya Abu Muhammad and he also used to issue Fatwas. Musa had a high standing amongst the residents of Medina and he held own teaching circle in Prophet's Mosque. 202 Hadith are narrated from him in Kutub al-Sittah.[4]: 268 [2]: 34
During the reign of Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 705–715), he participated in many military expeditions against Byzantine alongside Salim ibn Abd Allah.[2]: 35 [5] He passed away in Medina, in the year 141 AH/758–759.[4]: 268
Works
[edit]Maghazi Musa Ibn Uqba
[edit]He composed one of the earliest Sīrah books, Kitāb al-maghāzī or better known as Maghazi Musa Ibn Uqba. It was praised by early Muslims including Shafi'i, Yahya ibn Ma'in, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, as well as later Muslims such as Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani who heavily relied upon and quoted his work.[2]: 35–36
However, the entire work became lost after the 14th century, or 17th century according to a more conservative opinion.[2]: 46 The last person known to have had access to the book was Al-Sakhawi (d. 1497). However, according to Marsden Jones, Diyarbakri (d. 1582) also had access to it, but this claim is disputed, as his works may only give a false impression of him having direct access to the book.[6] The only surviving portion were 18 reports compiled by Ibn Qāḍī Shuhbah (d. 1387) from various sections of the Maghāzī.[2]: 46
In September 2021, the book was rediscovered when two manuscripts (MS 14032, MS 14033) were found in National Library of Tunisia.[2]: 46 [7] It contained approximately two-thirds of the book, beginning from change in Qibla to Farewell Pilgrimage. The rest of the work still remains undiscovered. In 2023, the book was published for the first time by Bashīr Binʿaṭiyyah Publications in Fez, Morocco. An English Translation was published in 2024.[2]: 46
References
[edit]- ^ "Mūsā b. ʿUḳba". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. 2012-04-24. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mūsā ibn ʿUqbah (2024). The Maghāzī of Sayyidunā Muḥammad. Imam Ghazali Publishing. ISBN 978-1-952306-87-7.
- ^ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (1996). Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb (in Arabic). Vol. 5 (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dār al-Maʿrifah. pp. 556–557.
- ^ a b c al-Dhahabi (2006). Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ (in Arabic). Vol. 6. Cairo, Egypt: Dār al-Ḥadīth.
- ^ Ibn ʿAsākir (1995–2000). Tārīkh madīnāt Dimashq (in Arabic). Vol. 60. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. p. 458.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Olgaç, Mahmut; Arslantaş, Nuh (2018). "Mûsâ b. Ukbe'ye atfedilen Kitâbü'l-Megāzî". Tarih Dergisi (in Turkish). 67 (1): 20–21. doi:10.26650/TurkJHist.2018.360672.
- ^ @OknDA1osdQmhBQJ (September 24, 2021). "بحمد الله، شرع في طبع مغازي الإمام موسى بن عقبة المدني المطرفي (ت 141 ه)، وهي أصح سيرة وأقدمها بإطلاق، بعد أن أعثرنا الله على نسختها الفريدة، ووقع تحقيقها وتخريج أحاديثها؛ وهذا بلا ريب فتح في المعلم السيري، نسأل الله النفع به" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 2 March 2025 – via Twitter.
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