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Miriam Daly
Daly, c. 1970s
Born
Miriam Annette McDonnell

(1928-05-06)May 6, 1928
The Curragh, County Kildare, Ireland
DiedJune 26, 1980(1980-06-26) (aged 52)
Andersonstown, Belfast, Northern Ireland
Resting placeSwords, Dublin, Ireland
Other namesMiriam Lee (1953 to 1963)
EducationLoreto College, St Stephen's Green
Alma materUniversity College Dublin (BA, HDipE, MA)
OccupationSenior lecturer at Queen's University Belfast
Known forPolitical and Civil Rights activism
Political partyIrish Republican Socialist Party (1977 until her death in 1980)
Other political
affiliations
SpouseJim Daly
Children2

Miriam Daly (née McDonnell; 6 May 1928 – 26 June 1980) was an Irish republican and communist activist as well as a university lecturer who was assassinated by the loyalist Ulster Defence Association (UDA) in 1980.

Background and personal life

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She was born Miriam Annette McDonnell in the Curragh Irish Army camp, County Kildare, Ireland, one of the two daughters of Commandant Daniel McDonnell and Anne McDonnell (née Cummins). Her father had served under Michael Collins in the War of Independence and as part of the pro-treaty National Army during the Irish Civil War. Afterwards, he developed pro-Labour views.[1][2]

She grew up in Hatch Street, Dublin, where she attended Loreto College on St Stephen's Green and then University College, Dublin.[2] While at UCD, Daly was a member of Young Fine Gael. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948 with first-class honours in history and economics, a Higher Diploma in Education in 1949, and then a first-class honours Master of Arts, with a dissertation on Irish labour in England in the first half of the nineteenth century.[2] Between 1950 and 1953 she taught economic history as an assistant lecturer in University College Dublin alongside Robert Dudley Edwards, who sexually harassed her until one day her father arrived with a gun and confronted Edwards.[1]

In 1953 she married the psychiatrist Joseph Lee and together the two moved to England, where she was an extramural history lecturer. She became an active member of the Association of University Teachers and a campaigner against the Vietnam War. Lee died of a heart attack in 1963.[1][2] A year later she began teaching economic history at the University of Southampton.[2][3]

In 1965 she married philosopher and social activist James Daly, who had family from Ulster. They moved to Ireland in 1968 and were appointed lecturers in the departments of scholastic philosophy and of economic and social history at Queen's University, Belfast.[2][3][4] In 1970 they adopted twins.[2]

Civil rights activist

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Apart from her set course, Daly taught an extramural course on labour history whose students included numerous Protestant trade unionists. She also lectured both republican and loyalist prisoners in Long Kesh and cooperated with both on prisoner welfare work.[2] She contributed regularly to RTÉ Radio's Thomas Davis lectures in 1972–3. She was a founding member of the Irish Labour History Society, served on its committee for several years and co-edited its journal Saothar. She was a co-founder of the Economic and Social History Society of Ireland, a committee member of the Ulster Society for Irish Historical Studies, a member of the editorial board of Irish Historical Studies, and organised the first conference on Irish labour history held at an Irish university in 1974.[1][2]

Daly became active in the Northern Ireland civil rights movement following the introduction of internment without trial of suspected IRA members in 1972 by Westminster officials at the request of Prime Minister of Northern Ireland Brian Faulkner.[1] She was active in the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA),[2] and the Northern Resistance Movement (NRA), becoming involved in the former when she moved to Belfast; Daly subsequently joined the National Democratic Party (NDP), and its successor, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). As a member of the SDLP she butted heads with John Hume and opposed advocacy for increased private home ownership rather than extended state housing. At the first SDLP annual conference, Daly led opposition to a motion condemning all political violence that was proposed by Hume.[1]

The rapid escalation of violence in Northern Ireland during this period, in particular, the killing of 14 civil rights marchers by members of 1 PARA in Derry on 14 January 1972 in what later became known as "Bloody Sunday" further radicalised her. After Bloody Sunday, she left the SDLP and joined Sinn Féin in 1974.[1][2]

During her political career, Daly, in line with many Irish republicans, opposed the two nations theory which held that Ulster Protestants constituted a distinct Irish nation. She also joined the Prisoners' Relatives Action Committee (PRAC), the National Hunger Strike Committee (NHSC) and the Murray Defence Committee (MDC), the latter of which successfully prevented the anarchist couple Marie and Noel Murray from being executed after they were convicted of murder and sentenced to death in June 1976 for murdering Garda Síochána officer Michael Reynolds. During the campaign to prevent the Murrays from being executed, Daly worked with Seamus Costello.[1] She was also elected to the leadership of the National H-Blocks Committee, despite threats from loyalists.[2]

In 1977, Daly and her partner left Sinn Féin over the party's advocacy of an Irish federation of four self-governing provinces. They were recruited in August 1977 to the IRSP by Costello, and co-opted to its Árd Chomhairle or governing body just before Costello's assassination on 5 October 1977, allegedly by the Official IRA. In February 1978 Miriam Daly was elected chairperson of the IRSP.[5] Some later IRSP/INLA material describes Daly as a 'volunteer', but she was never a member of the Irish National Liberation Army, the IRSP's military wing.[6][1]

In 1974 the Dalys, who had received death threats, moved from their home in Stranmillis, close to Queen's University and working-class Protestant loyalist districts, to the Andersonstown Road, deep within the west Belfast Catholic ghetto.[1][2]

From 1978 onwards Daly campaigned for political status for paramilitary prisoners.[1]

In March 1979, Daly resigned as Chairperson following a dispute between the Árd Comhairle and the Coiste Seasta (officer board). She was later replaced by then-General Secretary, Mick Plunkett.[5]

On 15 June 1980, 11 days before her killing, Daly was elected to the new Armagh and H-Blocks national committee.[7]

Assassination

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On 26 June 1980,[8][9] Daly was shot dead at home, in the Andersonstown area of west Belfast.[2] At the time of her assassination, she was involved in IRSP/INLA prisoners' welfare.[10]

According to reports in The Irish Times, members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) had gained entry to her home with the intention of killing her husband.[11] They tied up Daly and waited for him to return home. Her husband was in Dublin at the time and so did not arrive.[11] After a considerable time, the UDA men decided to kill Daly instead. Muffling the sound of the gun with a pillow, they shot her in the head and cut the phone lines before fleeing. Her body was discovered when her ten-year-old daughter arrived home from school.[11] However, The Irish Times also referred to Daly as a "housewife".[12]

Daly's death occurred soon after Conservative Party politician and incumbent Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Airey Neave was assassinated in Westminster Palace, London by members of the INLA, and some have speculated that the UDA's killing of Daly (along with the murder and attempted murder of other Irish Republican Socialist Party (ISRP) and National H-Block Committee members such as Ronnie Bunting, John Turnley and Bernadette Devlin McAliskey during this period) was in retaliation for Neave's murder. Solicitor Michael Brentnall claimed in an interview that "There are compelling circumstances which indicate that the killings were either committed by the British security services or facilitated by them and these killings are connected in proximity and organisational terms to the killing of Airey Neave."[13]

During the 1982 trial of three UDA members for the death of John Turnley, one of the accused, Robert McConnell, stood up in court towards the end and read out a statement detailing how two members of the Special Air Service (SAS) had supplied him with weapons and other equipment and had discussed with him the activities of H-Block activists such as Miriam Daly, John Turnley and Bernadette Devlin McAliskey.[14]

'Operation Ranc' was a series of planned actions by British Intelligence against the INLA following the assassination of Airey Neave. The 'G' (Guards) squadron of the 22 SAS Regiment were actively involved in Operation Ranc. It is believed by Fr. Raymond Murray that Daly, Bunting, Lyttle and Turnley were killed as part of the operation. The operation was prematurely terminated following protests from the Irish government.[15][16]

Daly was buried in Swords, County Dublin with her first husband, after a paramilitary funeral.[2][17] Mourners included Seán Mac Stíofáin and Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, but also old friends such as Supreme Court of Ireland (and later European Court of Justice) judge Donal Barrington and UCD historian F.X. Martin. In the graveside oration, Osgur Breatnach said that Daly stood for a peaceful, socialist united Ireland.[17] She is included as a volunteer on the INLA monument in Milltown Cemetery[11] and is one of several commemorated by an IRSP mural on the Springfield Road, Belfast.[18]

In 2021 her commemoration held by the IRSP in Belfast was attended by her son and husband at the time of her death.

Political views

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Daly was an advocate of State Socialism based on the nation-state, with government control of credit and industry. She rejected capitalism and free trade on the basis of her belief that free trade was overwhelmingly biased in the favour of the already-developed countries. Daly developed this view from her academic research into 19th-century Ireland and in particular her analysis of the deindustrialising effect of improved transport links.[1]

Daly considered the 1916 Easter Rising and the 1917 Russian Revolution to be twin revolutions against the "capitalist world order", and generally held pro-Soviet views.[1]

Daly rejected the view that Ulster Protestants form a distinct "nation" within the geography of Ireland, dismissing them as "a product of British colonial manipulation and native collaboration".[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Maume, Patrick (December 2015). "Daly, Miriam". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.009757.v1. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lane, Fintan (2002). "Labour lives no.4 - Miriam Daly" (PDF). Saothar. 27. Irish Labour History Society: 101–102. JSTOR 23198788.
  3. ^ a b "Appreciation: Dr James Daly". The Irish Times. 6 December 2021. Archived from the original on 7 May 2025. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  4. ^ 1. James P. Daly appointed lecturer in Scholastic Philosophy,1968. Vice-Chancellors report for year 1967-1968, page 12. QUB 2. James P. Daly. BA, LP Maynooth, MPhil S'ton- Lecturer in Scholastic Philosophy, 1968. page 46 of The Queen's University Calendar, 1968-1969. 3. Mrs Miriam A. Daly. M.A. (NUI). Appointed Assistant lecturer to Department of Economic and Social History in 1969, page 42 of The Queen's University of Belfast Calendar for 1969-70. 4. Daly, Miriam A., lecturer in economic and social history since 1969; died 26 June 1980, as the result of a terrorist shooting, page 68, The Annual Review for 1980. The Queen's University Association. Belfast 1980.
  5. ^ a b McDonald, Henry; Holland, Jack (2010). INLA - Deadly Divisions. Poolbeg Books. pp. 164, 186. ISBN 978-1-84223-438-9.
  6. ^ "Unveiling of Memorial for INLA Volunteers Brendan Mc Namee and Miriam Daly". Irish Republican Socialist Movement. 3 June 2003. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  7. ^ Adams, Gerry (24 February 2022). "ADAMS: The Game is Well and Truly Up". Irish Echo. Retrieved 7 May 2025. Maura McCrory and her friend Miriam Daly were elected on to the national committee and 11 days later Miriam was shot and killed by a UDA death squad in her home on the Andersonstown Road.
  8. ^ "IRSM Roll of Honour". Irish Republican Socialist Movement. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  9. ^ Sutton, Malcolm. "CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths - 26 June 1980". Conflict Archive on the Internet. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  10. ^ Sanders, Andrew (2011). Inside the IRA: Dissident Republicans and the War for Legitimacy. Edinburgh University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7486-4696-8. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1r20hp. Miriam Daly, involved in IRSP prisoner welfare, had accused Mason of attempting to smash the IRSP.
  11. ^ a b c d McKittrick, David (1999). Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children Who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles. Mainstream Publishing. p. 830. ISBN 978-1840182279.
  12. ^ The Irish Times 9 July 1980
  13. ^ Young, Connla (19 March 2018). "INLA man's shooting may be linked to Tory MP's murder". The Irish News. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  14. ^ Reed, David (2016) [1984]. Ireland: The key to the British revolution (PDF) (Online ed.). Larkin Publications. p. 410. ISBN 0-905400-04-6. Retrieved 7 May 2025 – via Revolutionary Communist Group.
  15. ^ Murray, Raymond (1990). "Operation 'RANC'". The SAS in Ireland. The Mercier Press. p. 259. ISBN 0-85342-938-3.
  16. ^ Ross, F. Stuart (Spring 2020). "Virtually Forgotten? The Irish Republican Socialist Movement and the Hunger Strikes". The Irish Review (Cork) (55). Cork University Press. JSTOR 48649865. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  17. ^ a b Funeral of Dr Miriam Daly, Irish Times 30 June 1980
  18. ^ "Mni02542 :: Murals of Northern Ireland". Claremont Colleges Digital Library. Claremont Colleges. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
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