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Michael F. Marmor

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Michael F. Marmor, MD
Born (1941-08-10) August 10, 1941 (age 83)
New York, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materHarvard College
Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Occupation(s)Ophthalmologist, retinal researcher, art scholar
Spouse(s)Jane B. Marmor, MD (m. 1968)
ChildrenAndrea, David; 3 grandchildren
Parent(s)Judd Marmor
Katherine Stern Marmor

Michael F. Marmor (born August 10, 1941) is an ophthalmologist and retina researcher. His work has contributed to the understanding of retinal function, diagnostic tests, and the clinical management of retinal dystrophies and drug toxicity. He has also explored the relationship between vision and art.[1] Marmor has been involved in programs at Stanford and Harvard that incorporate humanities into medical education. A professorship in ophthalmology at Stanford is named in his honor.[2][3][4]

Early life

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Michael F. Marmor was born in 1941 in New York but grew up in Los Angeles. His grandfather, Kalman Marmor, was a Yiddish scholar from Lithuania,[5] while his father was born in England and his mother in Hungary. His father, Judd Marmor, was a psychiatrist in Los Angeles who supported scientific approaches in psychiatry and advocated for the removal of homosexuality from the classification of mental disorders in the 1970s.[6] His parents collected modern art starting in the 1960s. Marmor is an only child and has two children—Andrea, a pediatrics professor, and David, an independent filmmaker—as well as three grandchildren.[7]

He attended Harvard College and Harvard Medical School, where he met his wife, Jane Breeden Marmor, a radiation oncologist.[8] After medical school, he spent three years at the National Institutes of Health studying neurophysiology before completing his ophthalmology residency at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. Following a brief faculty position at the University of California, San Francisco, he joined Stanford University, where he became a professor and chair of ophthalmology.[3]

Scientific and clinical work

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Marmor’s early research and publications examined the relationship between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), demonstrating the RPE’s role in maintaining retinal attachment and providing metabolic support for retinal function. His findings on fluid absorption beneath the retina contributed to later surgical techniques, including temporary retinal elevation for transplants, drug injections, and genetic therapy.[9][10] He also developed the first international standards for retinal electrophysiology tests, such as the electroretinogram, through the International Association for the Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV), enabling consistent diagnostic comparisons worldwide. His later research on hydroxychloroquine toxicity—a drug used for lupus and rheumatoid diseases—revised risk assessment and management protocols, leading to updated guidelines by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) for safer long-term use.[3]

As a clinician, he specialized in treating retinal dystrophies, night and color vision disorders, and drug-induced retinal toxicity. During his tenure at Stanford, he trained generations of ophthalmology residents and served as chair of ophthalmology from 1984 until the mid-1990s, overseeing the program’s elevation to departmental status.[4] He has authored over 300 peer-reviewed papers and multiple books and was a co-founder of the Museum of the Eye in San Francisco.[11]

Humanities and Medicine

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Marmor has authored papers and three books exploring the relationship between art history and visual science, examining how visual perception influences art and its interpretation. As an instructor in Stanford’s Program in Human Biology, he taught undergraduate courses on this topic.[12] During his time at Stanford and Harvard Medical School, he developed initiatives to integrate the humanities into medical education, such as organizing events to connect students with the arts and establishing humanities residency programs. He also introduced an annual arts lecture at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) meetings.[11][13][14]

In addition to his academic work, Marmor contributed to art curation, helping assemble a modern art collection at Stanford’s Cantor Arts Center and assisting with exhibitions there and at the Musée Marmottan in Paris.[15] He has also written about the history of ophthalmology.[16] Beyond visual arts, Marmor was involved in organizing chamber music performances at AAO and ARVO (Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology) conferences. [17]

Recognition

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Stanford Appointments: Professor and Chair of Ophthalmology; Faculty in the Program in Human Biology; Professor in the Bing Overseas Study Program; Director Basic Science Course in Ophthalmology, Member of Bio-X.[18][3]

Professional societies and awards [2]

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  • AAO: Lifetime Achievement Honor Award, Life Fellow [13][12]
  • ISCEV: Director of Standards, past editor-in-chief of Documenta Ophthalmologica, Adachi Award and Lecture, Honorary Member[19]
  • ARVO: Inaugural Fellow [20]
  • National Retinitis Pigmentosa Society: Service Award [21]
  • Macula Society: W. Richard Green Award and Lecture [22]
  • Retina Society: Award of Merit, Schepens Lecture[23][23]
  • Cogan Ophthalmic History Society: past president, Cogan Lecture [14]

Other lectures and honors

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  • NIH R01 Grant [24]
  • Lecturer and Honorary Professor, Xian Medical University [25]
  • Marmor Collection of modern art at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford [15]
  • Marmor Lecture in Ophthalmology and the Arts, at AAO meetings [13][12]
  • Marmor Professorship in Retinal Science and Disease at Stanford [26]
  • Marmor Peninsula Concerts of the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra[25]
  • Design consultant for the Truhlsen-Marmor AAO Museum of the Eye [11]

Selected works

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Books

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The following are major books authored or co-authored by Michael F. Marmor:

  • The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (1979) – Marmor MF and Zinn K, Harvard University Press [27][10]
  • The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (1998) – Marmor MF and Wolfensberger T, Oxford University Press [27][10]
  • The Eye of the Artist (1997) – Marmor MF and Ravin JG, Mosby-Year Book[27][16][28]
  • The Artist’s Eyes (2009) – Marmor MF and Ravin JG, Abrams [27]
  • Foundations of Ophthalmology (2017) – Marmor MF and Albert DM, Springer [29]
  • The Artistic Eye (2022) – Marmor MF Ravin JG, Kugler Publications [30]
  • Degas through his own eyes (2002) – Marmor MF, Degas, Edgar.[27]

Articles

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The following are selected peer-reviewed publications by Michael F. Marmor:[31][32][2][33][34][35][36]

  • Marmor MF. The independence of electrogenic sodium transport... J Physiol. 1971
  • Marmor MF. The electroretinogram in retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979
  • Marmor MF. Wilson, strokes and zebras. N Engl J Med. 1982
  • Marmor MF, Arden GB, et al. Standard for clinical electroretinography. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989
  • Marmor MF, et al. Night blindness, maculopathy, enhanced S cone syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990
  • Marmor MF. Clinical electrophysiology of the RPE. Doc Ophthalmol. 1991
  • Yao X-Y, Hageman GS, Marmor MF. Retinal adhesiveness in the monkey. IOVS. 1994
  • Marmor MF, Kessler R. Sildenafil (Viagra) and ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999 [37]
  • Marmor MF, Lanthony P. Color-deficiency and art. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001
  • Marmor MF. Monet's cataracts and Degas' retinal disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006
  • Marmor DJ, Marmor MF. Simulating vision with macular disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010
  • Marmor MF, Ravin JG. Fluorescein angiography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011
  • Marmor MF. Vision loss and hearing loss in art and music. Ophthalmology. 2014 [38]
  • Melles RB, Marmor MF. Toxic retinopathy from hydroxychloroquine. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014
  • Marmor MF. Vision, Eye Disease and Art (Keeler Lecture). Eye. 2016 [1]
  • Marmor MF, et al. AAO Recommendations on Hydroxychloroquine Screening. Ophthalmology. 2016
  • Melles RB, Marmor MF. Macular thinning as early toxicity indicator. Ophthalmology. 2022

References

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  1. ^ a b Minakaran, N.; Soorma, T.; Bladen, J.; Moosajee, M. (December 2016). "Vision, eye disease, and art". Eye. 30 (12): 1648. doi:10.1038/eye.2016.175. ISSN 1476-5454. PMC 5177747. PMID 27472204.
  2. ^ a b c "Dr. Michael Marmor, MD – Stanford, CA | Ophthalmology on Doximity". Doximity. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  3. ^ a b c d "American Academy of Ophthalmology Honors Leaders in Medical and Surgical Eye Care". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2019-10-13. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  4. ^ a b "Michael Marmor, MD | Stanford Medicine". CAP Profiles. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  5. ^ archives.cjh.org https://archives.cjh.org/repositories/7/resources/21093. Retrieved 2025-05-20. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ Sabshin, M. (July 1976). "Judd Marmor, M.D., one hundred and fourth president, 1975-1976". American Journal of Psychiatry. 133 (7): 748–751. doi:10.1176/ajp.133.7.748. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 779496.
  7. ^ education, Elaine Woo Elaine Woo is a Los Angeles native who has written for her hometown paper since 1983 She covered public; Local, Filled a Variety of Editing Assignments Before Joining “the Dead Beat”-News Obituaries – Where She Has Produced Artful Pieces on Celebrated; national; Figures, International; Mailer, including Norman; Child, Julia; in 2015, Rosa Parks She left The Times (2003-12-20). "Judd Marmor, 93; Helped End Classification of Gays as Ill". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2025-05-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "In Tune with Students". hms.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2024-02-09. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  9. ^ Marmor, Michael F.; Wolfensberger, Thomas J., eds. (1998). The retinal pigment epithelium: function and disease. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510956-6.
  10. ^ a b c "The Retinal pigment epithelium / Keith M. Zinn and Michael F. Marmor, editors | Catalogue | National Library of Australia". catalogue.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  11. ^ a b c "Museum of the Eye - American Academy of Ophthalmology". www.aao.org. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  12. ^ a b c "Key lectures and awards at the AAO 2024 meeting". Ophthalmology Times. 2024-10-11. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  13. ^ a b c "Awards and Honorary Lectures at AAO 2024". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2024-10-14. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  14. ^ a b "Marmor Lectures at AAO". Cogan Ophthalmic History Society. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  15. ^ a b "The Marmor Collection: Color as Form in Prints, 1953–1971". Stanford University. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  16. ^ a b Jampol, Lee M. (2001-05-01). "The Eye of the Artist,: by Michael F. Marmor and James G. Ravin, St. Louis, Mosby-YearBook, 1997, 229 pages, 190 illus. Price: $110.00". Survey of Ophthalmology. 45 (6): 549. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(01)00222-3. ISSN 0039-6257.
  17. ^ "Stanford's Cantor Arts Center reveals re-envisioned galleries". news.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
  18. ^ "Michael Marmor, MD | Stanford Medicine". CAP Profiles. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  19. ^ "ISCEV Special Lectures". www.iscev.org. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  20. ^ "ARVO announces inaugural class of fellows". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  21. ^ "Select Awards and Honors". Ophthalmology. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  22. ^ "Awards & Lectures". maculasociety.org. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  23. ^ a b Society, The Retina. "Awards - The Retina Society". www.retinasociety.org. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  24. ^ "RRF Award of Merit in Retina Research | Retina Research Foundation". retinaresearchfnd.org. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  25. ^ a b "Michael Marmor, MD | Stanford Medicine". CAP Profiles. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  26. ^ "Michael Marmor, MD's Profile | Stanford Profiles". profiles.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  27. ^ a b c d e "Lane Search Results - Lane Medical Library - Stanford University School of Medicine". lane.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  28. ^ "The eye of the artist / Michael F. Marmor, James G. Ravin". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  29. ^ Marmor, Michael F.; Albert, Daniel M., eds. (2017). "Foundations of Ophthalmology". SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59641-9. ISBN 978-3-319-59640-2.
  30. ^ Listed, No Author (2024-06-06). "Harvard Books on Monet, Free Time, Food, and More | Harvard Magazine". www.harvardmagazine.com. Retrieved 2025-05-20. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  31. ^ "Michael Marmor, MD | Stanford Medicine". CAP Profiles. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  32. ^ "Michael F. Marmor | ScienceDirect". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  33. ^ "ORCID". orcid.org. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  34. ^ "Marmor MF - Search Results - PubMed". PubMed. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  35. ^ https://www.aaojournal.org/authored-by/Marmor/Michael+F
  36. ^ "Search research articles and books | Springer Nature Link". link.springer.com. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  37. ^ "Sildenafil (Viagra) in ophthalmology / Michael F. Marmor · Catálogo de la Biblioteca CAO". www.oftalmologos.org.ar. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
  38. ^ Marmor, Michael F. (2014-07-01). "Vision Loss and Hearing Loss in Painting and Musical Composition". Ophthalmology. 121 (7): 1480–1485. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.01.009. ISSN 0161-6420. PMID 24565744.
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