Mangrai dynasty
| Mangrai dynasty ᩁᩣᨩᩅᩫᨦ᩠ᩈ᩼ᨾᩘᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ | |
|---|---|
 Seal of Lan Na kingdom | |
| Founded | 1292 |
| Founder | Mangrai |
| Final ruler | Lan Na : Wisutthithewi Kengtung : Chai Luang |
| Titles | |
| Dissolution | 1595 |
The Mangrai dynasty (Northern Thai: ᩁᩣᨩᩅᩫᨦ᩠ᩈ᩼ᨾᩘᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ) was the dynasty that ruled Lan Na Kingdom for over 260 years, from the reign of Mangrai to Mekuti. The dynasty entered its period of decline when a Burmese spy (Upanikkhit), embedded in Chiang Mai under the orders of Bayinnaung, reported back that the city was at its weakest. Upon receiving this intelligence, Bayinnaung led the army to seize Chiang Mai in 1558 (B.E. 2101). The Burmese forces captured the city in just three days with little resistance. The reigning king of Chiang Mai at the time fled to Pa Pae Noi (Chiang Saen), according to historical records from the Ming dynasty.
Six years later, the Burmese deposed Mekuti on charges of rebellion. Bayinnaung then appointed Wisutthithewi, another member of the Mangrai Dynasty, as the queen regnant of Chiang Mai. She reigned for 14 years before dying, marking the end of the Saenphu branch or Chiang Mai branch of the Mangrai Dynasty.[1]
However, the Mangrai royal lineage continued in Chiang Tung (Kengtung), where a descendant of Chaiyasongkhram ruled. Later, after the British conquest of Burma, the Mangrai descendants of Kengtung migrated back to Lan Na, which was then under the rule of the Chet Ton dynasty.
Monarchs from the Mangrai dynasty
[edit]Chiang Mai branch
[edit]| Image | Name | Reign From | Reign Until | Notes |
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Mangrai the Great[2][3] (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ) |
1292 | 1311 | Son of Lao Meng, King of Ngoenyang[4][5] |
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Chaiyasongkhram (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨩᩱ᩠ᨿᩈᩫ᩠ᨦᨣᩕᩣ᩠ᨾ) |
1311 | 1325 | Son of Mangrai the Great[2][3][6] |
|
Saenphu (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨻᩪ) |
1325 | 1334 | Son of Chaiyasongkhram[2][3][6] |
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Khamfu (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨤᩣᩴᨼᩪ) |
1334 | 1336 | Son of Saenphu[2][6] |
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Phayu (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨹᩣᨿᩪ) |
1336 | 1355 | Son of Khamfu[2][6] |
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Kue Na (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩨᨶᩣ) |
1355 | 1385[7] | Son of Phayu[2][6] |
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Saenmueangma (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨾᩣ) |
1386 | 1401 | Son of Kue Na[2][6] |
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Samfangkaen (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᨷᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨺᩢ᩠᩵ᨦᨠᩯ᩠ᨶ) |
1401 | 1441 | Son of Saenmueangma[2][6] |
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Tilokaraj (ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨲᩥᩃᩮᩣᨠᩁᩣᨩ) |
1441 | 1487 | Son of Samfangkaen[2][6] |
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Yotchiangrai (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨿᩬᨯᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ) |
1487 | 1495 | Son of Tilokaraj[2][6] |
,_Wat_Suan_Dok,_Chiangmai_(cropped).jpg)
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Kaew (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅ) |
1495 | 1525 | Grandson of Yotchiangrai[2][6] |
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Ket (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩮ᩠ᩆᨩᩮᩇᩛᩁᩣᨩ) |
1525 | 1538 | 1st Reign; Son of Kaew[2] |
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Saikham (ᨴ᩶ᩣ᩠ᩅᨪᩣ᩠ᨿᨤᩴᩣ) |
1538 | 1543 | Son of Ket and Chiraprapha[2] |
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Ket (ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩮ᩠ᩆᨩᩮᩇᩛᩁᩣᨩ) |
1543 | 1546 | 2nd Reign; Son of Kaew[2] |
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Chiraprapha (ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨧᩥᩁᨷᩕᨽᩣᨴᩮᩅᩦ) |
1545 | 1546[8] | Wife of Ket;[2] It is assumed that she may have Shan[9] or Ayutthaya ancestry.[10] |
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Setthathirath (ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩏᨷᨿᩮᩣᩅᩁᩣᨩ) |
1546 | 1547 | Son of Photisarath and Yotkhamthip;[2][11] Come from Lan Xang's dynasty.[12] |
| Interregnum, 1547–1551[2] | ||||
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Mekuti (ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩯ᩵ᨠᩩ) |
1551 | 1558 | Saopha of Mong Nai descended from Khruea, Son of Mangrai[2][13] |
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Wisutthithewi (ᩈᩫ᩠ᨾᩈᩮ᩠ᨫᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩁᩣᨩᩅᩥᩆᩩᨴ᩠ᨵ) |
1564 | 1578 | Mother of Mekuti[2][13] |
Chiang Tung (Kengtung) branch
[edit]| Image | Name | Reign From | Reign Untill | Notes |
| Mangkhum/Mangkhian (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᨤᩩ᩠᩵ᨾ / ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᨤ᩠ᨿᩁ) |
1247 | 1253 | Lawa nobles appointed by Mangrai. | |
| Namtuam (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨶ᩶ᩣᩴᨳ᩠᩶ᩅᨾ) |
1253 | 1264 | A son of Chaiyasongkhram, appointed by Mangrai. | |
| Namnan (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨶ᩶ᩣᩴᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ) |
1264 | 1317 | Prince in Mangrai Dynasty, appointed by Mangrai. | |
| Sam Muen Huai (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᩉ᩠ᨾᩨ᩵ᩁᩉ᩠᩶ᩅ᩠ᨿ) |
1317 | 1324 | Prince in Mangrai Dynasty, appointed by Chaiyasongkhram. | |
| Ai Lok (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿᩃᩫ᩠ᨠ) |
1324 | 1336 | Prince in Mangrai Dynasty, appointed by Chaiyasongkhram. | |
| Sai Nan (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩱ᩵ᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ) |
1342 | 1350 | Prince in Mangrai Dynasty, appointed by Phayu. | |
| — | 1366 | 1379 | Abandoned city | |
| Chet Phan Tu (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨧᩮᩢ᩠ᨯᨻᩢ᩠ᨶᨲᩪ) |
1379 | 1387 | A son of Phayu, appointed by Phayu. | |
| Ai On (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿᩋᩬ᩵ᩁ) |
1387 | 1390 | A son of Sitpantu, came to help Chiang Mai fight against Ayutthaya but was captured. | |
| Bunchu (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨷᩩᨬᨩᩪ) |
1390 | 1403 | Prince in Mangrai Dynasty, A cousin of Chet Phan Tu | |
| Yikham (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨿᩦ᩵ᨤᩴᩣ) |
1403 | 1416 | A brother of Bunchu | |
| — | 1416 | 1419 | No details available | |
| Sam Ton Nong La (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᨲᩫ᩠ᨶᨶᩬ᩶ᨦᩉ᩶ᩖᩣ) |
1419 | 1443 | A brother of Bunchu and Yikham | |
| Sam Sari (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᩈᩕᩦ) |
1443 | 1456 | A son of Sam Ton Nong La | |
| Ai Lao Kham Tha (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩋ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿᩃᩮᩢᩣᨤᩴᩣᨴᩤ) |
1456 | 1474 | ||
| Lao (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩃᩮᩢᩣ) |
1474 | 1519 | A son of Ai Lao Kham Tha | |
| No Kaeo (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩉ᩠ᨶᩳ᩵ᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅ) |
1519 | 1521 | A brother of Lao | |
| Sai Kho (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨿᨤᩳ) |
1521 | 1523 | A son of Lao | |
| Sai Phrom (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩱ᩵ᨻᩕᩫ᩠ᨾ) |
1523 | 1523 | A brother of Sai Kho; reign for about 1 month. | |
| Sai Chiang Khong (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᨣᩫ᩠ᨦ) |
1523 | 1523 | A brother of Sai Kho; reign for a few days. | |
| Khammu (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨤᩴᩣᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ᩵) |
1523 | 1523 | A brother of Sai Kho; reign for a month and 7 days. | |
| Khamfu (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨴ᩶ᩤ᩠ᩅᨤᩴᩣᨼᩪ) |
1523 | 1560 | A brother of Sai Kho, sent a diplomatic mission to submit to King Bayinnaung. | |
| Kaeo Bunnam (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅᨷᩩᨬᨶᩣᩴ) |
1560 | 1596 | A son of Khamfu | |
| Khamthao (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨤᩴᩣᨴ᩶ᩤ᩠ᩅ) |
1596 | 1620 | A son of Kaeo Bunnam | |
| Kiangkham (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠ᩠ᨿᨦᨤᩴᩣ) |
1620 | 1638 | A brother of Khamthao; Former ruler of Mong Khet | |
| Un (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋᩩ᩵ᩁ) |
1638 | 1657 | A son of Kiangkham | |
| — | 1657 | 1661 | No details available | |
| Inkham (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋᩥ᩠ᨶᨤᩴᩣ) |
1661 | 1678 | A grandson of Kaeo Bunnam (his mother is the daughter of Kaeo Bunnam) | |
| Ram Muen (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩁᩣ᩠ᨾᩉ᩠ᨾᩨ᩵ᩁ) |
1678 | 1686 | ฺA brother of Inkham | |
| Kaeo Bunma (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅᨷᩩᨬᨾᩣ) |
1686 | 1703 | A son of Ram Muen | |
| Sam (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ) |
? | ? | ||
| Mueangchin (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩮᩨ᩠ᨦᨩᩨ᩠᩵ᨶ) |
1710 | 1728 | ||
| Mong Myu (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩬ᩵ᨦᨾ᩠᩶ᨿᩪ) |
1759 | 1737 | A brother of Mueangchin | |
| Titthanantaracha (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨲᩥᨲ᩠ᨳᨶᨶ᩠ᨴᩁᩣᨩᩣ) |
1737 | 1740 | A brother of Mueangchin and Mong Myu | |
| Mueangsam (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩮᩨ᩠ᨦᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ) |
1740 | 1766 | 1st regin; A son of Titthanantaracha | |
| Kang (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩣ᩠ᨦ) |
1766 | 1769 | A son of Mong Myu; seized the city from Mueangsam. | |
| Mueangsam (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩮᩨ᩠ᨦᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ) |
1769 | 1787 | 2nd reign | |
| Kong Tai I (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩬᨦᨴᩱ ᨴᩦ᩵ ᪁) |
1787 | ? | A son of Mueangsam; was captured during Chiang Mai's invasion and taken to Chiang Mai | |
| Maha Khanan Duangsaeng (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩉᩣᨡ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨶᨯ᩠ᩅᨦᩈᩯ᩠ᨦ) |
1814 | 1857 | A brother of Kong Tai I | |
| Maha Phrom (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩉᩣᨻᩕᩫ᩠ᨾ) |
1858 | 1876 | A son of Maha Khanan Duangsaeng | |
| Khamsaen (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨤᩴᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶ) |
1877 | 1880 | A brother of Maha Phrom | |
| Mom Chiang Khaeng (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩉ᩠᩵ᨾᨾᩬᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᨡᩯ᩠ᨦ) |
1880 | 1886 | A brother of Khamsaen; Former ruler of Chiang Khaeng | |
| Mom Suea (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩉ᩠ᨾᩬ᩵ᨾᩈᩮᩨᩬ) |
1886 | 1896 | A son of Mom Chiang Khaeng | |
|
Thip Thida (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨶᩣ᩠ᨦᨴᩥᨻ᩠ᨿᨵᩥᨯᩣ) |
1896 | 1897 | A younger sister of Mom Suea. She temporarily ruled for her younger brother, Kon Kaeo In Thalaeng, was too young to rule. |
|
Kon Kaeo In Thalaeng (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩉ᩠᩵ᨾᨾᩬᨠᩬ᩶ᩁᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅᩋᩥ᩠ᨶᨳᩯ᩠ᩃᨦ) |
1897 | 1935 | A brother of Mom Suea |
| — | 1935 | 1937 | Wait approval from the British Empire | |
|
Kong Tai II (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩬᨦᨴᩱ ᨴᩦ᩵ ᪂) |
1937 | 1937 | A son of Kon Kaeo In Thalaeng; Reigned for 162 days. |
| — | 1937 | 1943 | No appointment was made due to the ongoing trial for the assassination of Kong Tai, followed by the outbreak of World War II. | |
|
Phrom Lue (ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨻᩕᩫ᩠ᨾᩃᩨ) |
1943 | 1945 | A brother of Phrom Lue; appointed by Siam between its occupation. |
|
Chai Luang (ᩈᩫ᩠ᨾᨯᩮ᩠ᨧᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨼ᩶ᩣᨩᩣ᩠ᨿᩉᩖᩅ᩠ᨦ) |
1946 | 1959 | A son of Kong Tai II; the Last Ruler of Chiang Tung |
See also
[edit]
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References
[edit]- ^ สกุลไทย ฉบับที่ 2389 ปีที่ 46 ประจำวันอังคารที่ 1 สิงหาคม 2543
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Penth, Hans (1995). The Chiang Mai Chronicle.
- ^ a b c (1370). Wat Phra Yuen Inscription.
- ^ Falkus, Malcolm; Wyatt, David K. "Thailand: A Short History". The Economic History Review. 39 (2): 328. doi:10.2307/2596187. ISSN 0013-0117.
- ^ Penth, Hans (1996). ตำนานพื้นเมืองเชียงใหม่ (ใบลาน).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ratanapannya Thera. (1788). Jinakalamali.
- ^ History
- ^ สรัสวดี อ๋องสกุล. "บทบาททางการเมือง ประวัติ และที่มาของอำนาจมหาเทวีจิรประภา". ขัตติยานีศรีล้านนา. เจ้าวงศ์สักก์ ณ เชียงใหม่ บรรณาธิการ (เชียงใหม่:วิทอินดีไซน์,2547) หน้า 31-57
- ^ พิเศษ เจียจันทร์พงษ์. "ลูกเขาเมียใครที่เชียงใหม่ สุโขทัย และอยุธยา" ในฟื้นฝอยหาตะเข็บ, หน้า 228
- ^ เฉลิมวุฒิ ต๊ะคำมี. "ข้อคิดใหม่และข้อสังเกตบางประการ : ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชนชั้นปกครองของล้านนาและสุโขทัย" หน้า ๑๔๓-๑๘๓
- ^ "พงศาวดารล้านช้าง". ประชุมพงศาวดารเล่ม 44. พระนคร : ครุสภา, 2512, หน้า 161-164
- ^ ลำดับกษัตริย์ลาว, หน้า 103
- ^ a b Forbes, Andrew (2012-02-26). "Ancient Chiang Mai: King Mae Ku: From Lan Na Monarch to Burmese Nat". CPA. Archived from the original on 2012-02-26. Retrieved 2020-05-17.