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List of wars: 2003–present

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(Redirected from List of wars 2003–10)

Graph of deaths in armed conflicts by type from 2003 to 2023

This is a list of wars that began from 2003 onwards. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.

2003–2009

[edit]
Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
2003 2020 War in Darfur

Part of the Sudanese Civil Wars and the Second Sudanese Civil War (until 2005)

 Sudan

Chadian rebel groups
Anti-Gaddafi forces (2011)
Supported by:
 Libya (2011–2020)
 China
 Iran (until 2016)
 Russia
 Belarus
Syria (2000s, alleged)

SRF[a]
(2006–2020)

  • JEM (2003–2020)
  • SLA (some factions) (2003–2020)
  • LJM (2010–11)[b]

SLA (some factions)
SARC (2014–2020)
SLFA (2017–2020)

  • SLA-Unity
  • SLMJ
  • JEM (Jali)

Supported by:
 South Sudan
 Chad (2005–2010)
 Eritrea (until 2008)
Libya (until 2011)
 Uganda (until 2015)


United Nations UNAMID (2007–2020)

2003 2011 Iraq War

Part of the Iraqi conflict and the war on terror

Invasion (2003)
Coalition of the willing Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region Iraqi National Congress

After invasion (2003–11)
 Iraq
 United States
 United Kingdom
MNF–I (2003–09)
 Kurdistan Region
Awakening Council

Invasion (2003)
Ba'athist Iraq Republic of Iraq


After invasion (2003–11)
Al-Qaeda in Iraq
Islamic Army in Iraq
Islamic State of Iraq
Mahdi Army
Ba'athist Iraq Naqshbandi Army
Hamas of Iraq
Jaysh al-Mujahideen
1920 Revolution Brigades
Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna

2004 2010 Sinaloa Cartel–Gulf Cartel conflict

Part of the Mexican drug war (from 2006 to 2010)

Sinaloa cartel

Gulf cartel

2004 Ongoing South Thailand insurgency

 Thailand

Supported by:
Former support:

Drug cartels

  • Mayaki cartel
  • Xaysana cartel
  • Usman cartel

Oil smugglers


Pirates

2004 Ongoing Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Part of the war on terror and the
spillover of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)


 United States (see Drone strikes in Pakistan, until 2018)

Former belligerents

Supported by:
 Afghanistan
2004 Ongoing Iran–PJAK conflict

Part of the Kurdish separatism in Iran

 Iran
Supported by:
 Turkey (allegedly, denied by Iran)
 United States (alleged by PJAK, since 2009)

Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK)

  • Eastern Kurdistan Units (YRK)
  • Women's Defence Forces (HPJ)
2003 Ongoing Conflict in the Niger Delta

Nigerian government

supported by:
 Belarus

Niger Delta Republic

Niger Delta Marine Force
(2017–present)
Reformed Egbesu Fraternities

Republic of Biafra Biafran separatists (from 2021)




Supported by:
Republic of Biafra IPOB elements


Bandits


Pirates


Nigerian mafia

2004 Ongoing Kivu conflict

Part of the aftermath of the Second Congo War

Pro-government:
Supported by:
Rwandan-aligned militias:
Ugandan-aligned militias:
Foreign state actors:
Anti-Ugandan forces: Anti-Rwandan militias:
Anti-Burundi militias:
Mai-Mai militias:
2004 2014 Houthi insurgency

Part of the Yemeni crisis and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Houthi Movement
 Yemen (pro-Saleh forces)
Alleged support by:
 Iran
 North Korea
 Libya (until 2011)

 Yemen

  • Security Forces
  • Sunni tribes
  • Al-Islah militias

 Saudi Arabia
Supported by:
 Jordan
 Morocco


al-Qaeda

2004 2007 Central African Bush War

 Central African Republic
 Chad

Rebels:

2004 Ongoing Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency

Part of the larger Insurgency in Balochistan

 Iran

2005 2005 2005 Bangladesh India border clash  India  Bangladesh

cattle smuggler

2005 Ongoing Insurgency in Paraguay

 Paraguay

Supported by:
 United States
 Colombia


Justicieros de la Frontera

Paraguayan People's Army (EPP)
Armed Peasant Association (ACA)[f]
Army of Marshal López (EML)
(from 2016)
Supported by:
FARC (until 2016)
Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (alleged)
Primeiro Comando da Capital
Comando Vermelho

2005 2010 Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)

 Chad
 France
Libya
Sudan NMRD[g]
JEM[h]
Supported by:
Ukraine Ukraine
Israel Israel
Romania Romania

Alleged support:
 Sudan (until 2010)

2005 2008 Mount Elgon insurgency Kenya Defence Forces Sabaot Land Defence Force
2006 Ongoing Fatah–Hamas conflict

Part of the Palestinian internal political violence

2006 2008 Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)

Part of the Iraq War

 Iraq
United States United States
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Other coalition forces
Private Security Contractors
Kurdistan Region Peshmerga
Sons of Iraq

Mahdi Army (until 2008)
Special Groups

Badr Brigades
Soldiers of Heaven
Other militias
Shia tribes


 Al-Qaeda:

Islamic Army in Iraq
Ansar al-Sunna
Ba'athist Iraq Naqshbandi Army
Other militias
Sunni tribes

2006 2013 Operation Astute

Part of the 2006 East Timorese crisis

 Australia
 New Zealand
 Malaysia
 Portugal
 East Timor (government troops)
 United Nations soldiers

Renegade elements of the FDTL

2006 2018 Bakassi conflict

Part of the conflict in the Niger Delta and the piracy in the Gulf of Guinea

 Cameroon Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Niger Delta militias
Pro-Nigerian militias
2006 2006 2006 Lebanon War

Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the war on terror

 Israel

Hezbollah

Allies:
2006 2009 Eelam War IV

Part of the Sri Lankan Civil War

 Sri Lanka
Supported by
 Pakistan

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

2006 Ongoing Mexican drug war

Part of the war on drugs

Consulting and training support: Principal Mexican cartels: Other cartels:
2006 2009 War in Somalia (2006–2009)

Part of the Ethiopian–Somali conflict and the Somali Civil War

Invasion:

Insurgency:

Invasion:
2007 Ongoing Operation Juniper Shield

Part of the Global War on Terrorism (Islamist insurgency in the Sahel)

 Algeria
 Morocco
Mauritania Mauritania
Tunisia Tunisia
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso
 Chad
 Mali
 Niger
Nigeria Nigeria
 Senegal
Cameroon Cameroon
Togo Togo
Ghana Ghana
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast
Benin Benin
Cape Verde Cape Verde
The Gambia Gambia
Guinea Guinea
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau
Liberia Liberia
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone

Supported and trained By:

2007 2009 Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)

Part of the Tuareg rebellions and Operation Juniper Shield

 Niger
 Mali

In Niger:
Niger Movement for Justice
Front of Forces for Rectification (2008 split)
Niger Patriotic Front (2009 split)
In Mali:
ADC
ATNM (2008 split)

2007 2007 2007 Lebanon conflict

Part of the War on terror

Lebanon Lebanese Armed Forces
Lebanon Internal Security Forces
Supported by:
 United States

Fatah al-Islam
Jund al-Sham

2007 2007 Battle of Gaza (2007)

Part of the Fatah–Hamas conflict

Hamas
2007 2015 Insurgency in Ingushetia

Part of the Second Chechen War and North Caucasus Insurgency

Russia Russia

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (until October 2007)

Caucasus Emirate (from October 2007)

Ingushetia Ingush opposition (2007–2008)
ad hoc revenge groups

2008 2008 2008 invasion of Anjouan

African Union

Supported by:

 Anjouan
2008 2008 2008 Lebanon conflict

United Arab Republic March 8 Alliance

March 14 Alliance

2008 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict  Eritrea  Djibouti
Supported by:
 France
2008 2011 Cambodian–Thai border dispute  Cambodia  Thailand
2008 2008 2008 Bangladesh India border clash  Bangladesh  India

cattle smuggler

2008 2008 Russo-Georgian War

Part of the post–Cold War era, Abkhazia conflict, the Georgian–Ossetian conflict, and the post-Soviet conflicts

 Georgia
2008 2008 2008 Kufra conflict

Libya

Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya

2008 2009 Gaza War

Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict

2009 Ongoing Somali Civil War (2009–present)

Part of the Somali Civil War, conflicts in the Horn of Africa, the Ethiopian–Somali conflict, war against the Islamic State, Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa, and Global War on Terrorism

AUSSOM (2025–present)
ATMIS (2022–2024)

Supported by:
 France
 Italy
 Russia
 Turkey
 UAE
 United Kingdom

Non-combat support:

United Nations UNPOS (1995–2013) United Nations UNTMIS (2025–present)
United Nations UNSOA (2009–2016)
United Nations UNSOS (2016–present)
Independent regional forces

Hizbul Islam (until 2010; 2012–2013)

Alleged state allies:

Alleged non-state allies:
Houthis


Allies
IS-YP
Somali pirates


Alleged support:
 Ethiopia
 United Arab Emirates

2008 Ongoing Sudanese nomadic conflicts

Part of the Sudanese Civil Wars

Non-Arab tribes (including Dinka, Nuer, and Murle tribes) Baggara Arabs (mainly Rizeigat and Messiria tribes)
2009 2017 Insurgency in the North Caucasus

Part of the Chechen–Russian conflict, post-Soviet conflicts and the War against the Islamic State (from 2014)

 Russia

Caucasus Emirate
(2009–17)


Islamic State

2009 2009 2009 Peruvian political crisis

Peru Government of Peru

AIDESEP

2009 Ongoing Boko Haram insurgency

Part of the religious violence in Nigeria, the war against the Islamic State, the Islamist insurgency in the Sahel, and the war on terror[1]

 Nigeria

Islamic State Boko Haram (2009-2015)

 Islamic State


al-Qaeda[37]

Supported by:
Al-Shabaab[42]
AQIM[43][44]


Islamic State Boko Haram (2016-present)[ac]

2009 2009 2009 Boko Haram uprising

Part of the Boko Haram insurgency

Nigerian Government

Boko Haram

2009 Ongoing South Yemen insurgency

Part of the Yemeni Crisis (2011–present) and the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)

Government

Pro-government tribes

Supported by:

South Yemen Southern Transitional Council (since 2017)

Supported by:

2009 2010 Operation Scorched Earth

Part of the Houthi insurgency in Yemen and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

 Yemen
Hashed tribesmen
 Saudi Arabia
Alleged support:
 Morocco
 Jordan

Houthis
Alleged support:
Iran

 Hezbollah

2009 2009 Dongo conflict

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Supported by:
United Nations MONUC
 Rwanda (alleged)

Lobala rebels
Possibly:
Resistance Patriots of Dongo

2010–2019

[edit]
Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
2010 2010 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes

Part of the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010

 Kyrgyz provisional government
Supported by:
 Turkmenistan
 Iran
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan[50]
 China[51]
 Russia[52]
Turkey Turkey

Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyz gangs

Other pro- Bakiyev forces

Uzbekistani Kyrgyz1

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (alleged)[58]


Kyrgyzstani Uzbeks

Uzbekistani Uzbek civilians1

 Uzbekistan[63] (limited involv.)2[65][66]

2010 2010 2010 Kingston unrest

Part of the Jamaican political conflict
in the War on Drugs

 Jamaica


Foreign support:
 United States:

Shower Posse

2010 2015 Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)

Tajikistan Tajikistan

United Tajik Opposition



2010 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War

Part of the Ivorian Civil Wars

Ivory Coast FNCI
Liberia Liberian mercenaries[68]
Ivory Coast RDR
United Nations UNOCI
 France[69]
 Ukraine[70]

Ivory Coast Military of Ivory Coast
Liberia Liberian mercenaries
Ivory Coast COJEP
Ivory Coast FPI

2011 Ongoing Nigerian bandit conflict

Part of the Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria

Nigeria Nigeria

Vigilante groups

Various bandit groups

  • Hausa militias
    • Moriki vigilantes group
  • Fulani militias
    • Ali Kachalla bandit group
    • Dogo Giɗe bandit group
    • Kachalla Halilu Sububu Seno bandit group
    • Adamu Aliero Yankuzo bandit group
    • Bello Turji Kachalla bandit gang
    • Dan Karami bandit gang
    • Kachalla Turji bandit gang
    • Kachalla Halilu Sububu Seno bandit gang

Islamist rebels:
Islamic State[71]

Boko Haram
Ansaru[71]
Lakurawa (from c. 2023)

2011 2023 Sinai insurgency

Part of the terrorism in Egypt, the Egyptian Crisis, and the Arab Winter

Supported by

Islamic State Islamic State (from 2014)[86]

2011 Ongoing Insurgency in Bahrain

Part of the 2011 Bahraini uprising and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

 Bahrain
Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates

Bahraini opposition
Supported by:
 Iran

2011 2011 Libyan civil war (2011)

Part of the Arab Spring and the Libyan Crisis since 2011



Minor border clashes:
 Tunisia

Supported by:
 Egypt[92][93]

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

2011 Ongoing Syrian civil war

Ba'athist Syria
Hezbollah
 Iran
 Russia (2015–present)

Support

 Iraq (2017–19)

Syrian Interim Government (Syrian opposition)
 Turkey (2016–present)

Support:

Syrian Salvation Government(Tahrir al-Sham)

Support:

 Islamic State (2013–present)

Support

Al-Qaeda (2013–2014)


Rojava (Syrian Democratic Forces) (2012–present)

Support:

CJTF–OIR (2014–present)

Participants:
2011 2020 Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile

Part of the Sudanese Civil Wars

 Sudan

SRF (until 2020)

Alleged support:
 Ethiopia[95]

2011 2017 Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon

Part of the Arab Winter, the Spillover of the Syrian Civil War and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

 Lebanon


Pro-Assad militant groups:


Other militias:

Syrian rebel forces:

Support:

Al-Qaeda and allies:


 Islamic State Surrendered
(from 2013)

2011 Ongoing Ethnic violence in South Sudan

Part of the Sudanese nomadic conflicts

Various tribes Various tribes
2011 2012 Operation Linda Nchi

Part of the Somali Civil War (2009–present) and the Somali–Kenyan conflict

 Kenya
Somalia TFG
Raskamboni Front[146]
ASWJ[147]
Azania
Al-Shabaab
2011 2014 Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)

Part of the Libyan Crisis (2011–present) (aftermath of the First Libyan Civil War)

Libya Libyan National Army

Government-sanctioned local militias

  • Supreme Security Committee
Various militias

Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries[152][153]

2011 2013 Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)

Part of the Iraqi conflict (2003–present)

Iraq Iraqi Government

 Iraqi Kurdistan

Iraq Sons of Iraq
Supported by:
 United States

Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq (ISIL since April 2013)
Islamic Army in Iraq
Naqshbandi Army
Other Sunni insurgents

2012 Ongoing Mali War

Part of the Islamist insurgency in the Sahel and the War on terror

 Mali

 France (2013–22)

Supported by:

 Burkina Faso (2025–)
 Niger (2025–)



Supported by:

European Union EUTM Mali (2013–23)

Non-state combatants:
Platform

Wagner Group (2021–25)[ae][199][200][201]


Supported by:
 Ukraine[205]


 Boko Haram (2012–13)[206]
MOJWA (2012–13)[207][208]

2012 2012 Heglig Crisis  Sudan  South Sudan
JEM[210]
SPLM-N[210]
2012 2013 M23 rebellion

Part of the Kivu conflict

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

United Nations MONUSCO

March 23 Movement
Alleged support:
2012 2012 2012 Abyan offensive

Part of the Yemeni Crisis (2011-present)

 Yemen
Supported by:
 United States
 Saudi Arabia[213]
2012 2012 Baragoi clashes Samburu tribe Turkana tribe
2012 Ongoing Central African Republic Civil War
Formerly:
 South Africa (2013)
MISCA (2013–2014)
 France (2013–2021)[220]
PRNC
CMSPR (since 2024)[221]
Support:

Defunct groups:
Séléka (2012–2014)
RJ (2013–2018)
MNLC (2017–2019)
MLCJ (2008–2022)
RPRC (2014–2022)
2013 2013 Lahad Datu standoff

Part of the North Borneo dispute and cross border attacks in Sabah

 Malaysia
Sabahan local villagers[224][225][226]
Supported by:
Philippines Philippines[note 3][227]

Sulu Sultanate Sultanate of Sulu (Jamalul Kiram III's faction)
Filipino illegal immigrants (non-combative)
Supported by:
Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction)[228]

2013 2018 Batwa–Luba clashes

Part of the Katanga insurgency

Pygmy batwa militias Luba militias
  • "Elements"
2013 2021 RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)  Mozambique RENAMO (until 2019)
RENAMO Military Junta (from 2019)
2013 2013 Zamboanga City crisis

Part of the Moro conflict

 Philippines

 Bangsamoro Republik

2013 2020 South Sudanese Civil War

Part of the Ethnic violence in South Sudan[230]

South Sudan South Sudan

Allied militias:
SSLM
SRF

EUPF[238] (alleged)
State allies:
 Uganda
 Egypt[239] (alleged)

United Nations UNMISS[240]


South Sudan SPLM-IO[242]
Nuer White Army[243]

TFNF[250]
SSFDP[251]
South Sudan National Army[252][253]
NAS
Arrow Boys (since Nov. 2015)
South Sudan Wau State insurgents[254]
South Sudan SSOA (until September 2018)
South Sudan SSOMA/NSSSOG (until Jan. 2020)
Supported by:
 Sudan (South Sudanese gov. claim)[255]

2013 2017 War in Iraq (2013–2017)

Part of the Iraqi conflict, spillover of the Syrian civil war, War against the Islamic State, and the War on terror

Allied groups:

Others:
 Iran
 Hezbollah
Syria Syria[259]


CJTF–OIR
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada[260][261]
 Australia[262]
 France
 Italy
 Netherlands
 New Zealand[263]
 Finland[264]
 Denmark[265]

Islamic State Islamic State
2014 Ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War (outline)

Part of the conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union

 Ukraine

Supplied by:
For countries providing aid to Ukraine since 2022, see military aid to Ukraine

2014 2014 2014 Aswan tribal clashes Arabic Al-Halayel clan Nubian Al-Dabodeya clan
2014 2020 Libyan civil war (2014–2020)

Part of the Arab Winter, the Libyan Crisis, the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, the War on terror, and the Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict

Libya House of Representatives (Tobruk-based)[273][274]

Wagner Group
(from 2018)
[284][285][286][287][288]
Egypt Egypt[289][290][291]
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates[289][292][293][294]
RSF[295] (from 2019)
 Ba'athist Syria
(2020)[296][297][298]
 Hezbollah (allegedly)[299][300]
 Israel
(allegedly, denied by LNA)[301][302][303][304][305]
 Iran[306]

Libya Government of National Accord (Tripoli-based) (from 2016)

 Turkey (2020)[334][335][336]
Syrian opposition Syrian National Army (from 2019)[337]
Yemen Popular Resistance Committees[338][339]
 Hamas (LNA claim, denied by Hamas)[340]


Libya National Salvation Government
(2014–2017)[355][356]

Support:

Islamic State
(from 2014)[365]

Support:

al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
(2014–2017)[372]
Shura Council of
Benghazi Revolutionaries

(2014–2017)[373][374]
2014 Ongoing War against the Islamic State

Part of the War on terror, the Second Libyan Civil War, the War in Iraq (2013–2017), the Syrian civil war and its spillover, the Sinai insurgency, the Boko Haram insurgency, the insurgency in the North Caucasus, the Moro conflict, the insurgency in Cabo Delgado, the Islamic State insurgency in Puntland the Sahel War and the Salafi-jihadist insurgency in the Gaza Strip

In multiple regions:


In the Levant



2014 2014 2014 Gaza War

Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict

 Israel

2014 Ongoing Yemeni civil war (2014–present)

Part of the Yemeni crisis, the Arab Winter, the war on terror, and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict


STC (2017–2022)[417]
 United Arab Emirates[418][419]



2014 2015 Houthi takeover in Yemen

Part of the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)

 Houthis Yemen Cabinet of Yemen

 United States
 Saudi Arabia

2015 Ongoing Islamic State–Taliban conflict

Part of the Afghan conflict, war on terror, and al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict

2015 2022 Islamic State insurgency in Tunisia

Part of the spillover of the Second Libyan Civil War, the Arab Winter, War on Terror and War against the Islamic State

 Tunisia  Islamic State
2015 2025 Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–2025)

Part of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency, Kurdish–Turkish conflict and the Spillover of the Syrian civil war

 Turkey

2016 Ongoing 2016 Niger Delta conflict

Part of the conflict in the Niger Delta

 Nigeria Niger Delta Republic[437]
Militant organizations
  • Adaka Boro Avengers
  • Asawana Deadly Force of Niger Delta
  • Niger Delta Avengers
  • Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate
  • Niger Delta Justice Defence Group
  • Niger Delta Volunteers
  • Niger Delta Red Squad
  • Niger Delta Revolutionary Crusaders (until 2019)
  • Reformed Egbesu Fraternities
  • Egbesu Boys of the Niger Delta
  • Egbesu Red Water Lions
  • Egbesu Mightier Fraternity

Republic of Biafra Indigenous People of Biafra[438]

2016 2016 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

 Azerbaijan

 Artsakh
 Armenia

2016 2017 Pool War

 Republic of the Congo

Ninja militia

2016 2019 Kamwina Nsapu rebellion

 DR Congo
Allied militias:

Kamwina Nsapu rebels[441]

  • Various independent militias[442]
2016 Ongoing Conflict in Rakhine State

Part of the Myanmar civil war and Rohingya conflict


Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army



Arakan Rohingya Army

2016 2016 Kasese clashes  Uganda  Rwenzururu
2016 Ongoing Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)

 Chad
 France (until 2025)
 Central African Republic (2023)


JEM

FACT
CCMSR
UFR
FNDJT
MDJT[443]
UFDD
FPRN[444]
FPR
MRST[445]
RPJET
(At least 47 rebel groups overall)

2017 2017 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish

Part of the Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes

Pakistan Pakistan Afghanistan Afghanistan
2017 2020 2017–2020 Qatif unrest

Part of the Qatif conflict

 Saudi Arabia Hezbollah Al-Hejaz (Suspected)
Other Shia Militias
Supported by:
Saraya al-Mukhtar
Bahrain Bahraini Militias
2017 2017 Siege of Marawi

Part of the Moro conflict and the war against the Islamic State

 Philippines  Islamic State[446]
2017 Ongoing Anglophone Crisis

Part of the Anglophone problem

 Cameroon Ambazonia
2017 Ongoing Insurgency in Cabo Delgado

Part of the war against the Islamic State, Islamic terrorism in Africa and the war on terror

 Mozambique
 Rwanda
(from 2021)[447]
Southern African Development Community (from 2021)

Private Military Companies

Ansar al-Sunna
Islamic State


Bandits[448]

2017 2017 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

 Iraq
Supported by:
 Iran[449]

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Regional Government
PKK[450]
PDKI[451]
White Flags (alleged)[452]
2017 Ongoing Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)

Part of the Iraqi conflict and war against the Islamic State

Supported by:
Iran

Rojava (cross-border cooperation since May 2018)[454]
Supported by:
CJTF-OIR


Supported by:
 Netherlands[455]

Islamic State
White Flags (2017–2018)

2018 Ongoing Catatumbo campaign

Part of the Colombian conflict (1964–present), the War on Drugs (1993–present), and the Crisis in Venezuela (2010–present)

 Colombia

Popular Liberation Army (EPL)


National Liberation Army (ELN)

  • Nororiental de Guerra

Los Rastrojos


FARC dissidents

2018 2018 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes

Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

 Azerbaijan

 Armenia

2018 Ongoing OLA insurgency

Part of the Oromo conflict and Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)

OLA
2018 2018 November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes

Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict

Israel Israel

 Gaza Strip

2019 2019 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes

Part of the Indo−Pakistani conflicts and the Kashmir conflict

 India

Jaish-e-Mohammed


 Pakistan

2019 2019 May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes

Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict

Israel Israel

 Gaza Strip

2019 2022 Benishangul-Gumuz conflict

Part of the Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)

 Ethiopia

Fano militias[456]

Benishangul-Gumuz Region Gumuz People’s Democratic Movement[457]
Benishangul People's Liberation Movement[458]
Oromo Liberation Army
Tigray People's Liberation Front (alleged)[citation needed]
Support:
 Sudan (Gumuz militiamen only)[459]
Egypt Egypt (alleged by Ethiopia)[460]

2019 2019 November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes

Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict

Israel Israel

Palestinian Islamic Jihad Palestinian Islamic Jihad

2020–present

[edit]
Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
2020 Ongoing Gang war in Haiti

Part of crime in Haiti and the Haitian crisis (2018–present)

Support:
 United States[464][465][466]
 Canada[467]
 France[468]
 Spain
 Germany
 Mexico
 Algeria

  • Viv Ansanm
    • G9
      • Delmas 6
      • Baz Pilate
      • Baz Krache Dife
      • Baz Nan Chabon (Waf Jérémie)
      • Nan Boston
    • G-Pèp
    • Chen Mechan
    • Kraze Baryè
    • 5 Segond
    • Gran Ravine
    • Taliban (Canaan)
    • Mariani
    • Ti Bwa
    • Nan Ti Bwa
    • Simon Pelé
    • Belekou
    • Other affiliated groups

2020 2021 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes

Part of the Sino-Indian border dispute

 China

 India

2020 Ongoing Western Togoland Rebellion

 Ghana

Western Togoland

2020 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

 Azerbaijan
 Turkey (alleged by Armenia)[469][470][471]
Syrian opposition Syrian mercenaries[al][475][476]

 Artsakh
 Armenia

2020 2024 Afar–Somali clashes

Somali Region

Afar Region Afar Region

2020 2022 Tigray war

Part of the Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)

 Tigray
OLA (2021–22)[477][478]

2020 Ongoing Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)

Part of the Western Sahara conflict

 Kingdom of Morocco

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

2020 2022 Al-Fashaga conflict

Part of the Spillover of the Tigray war

 Sudan

Amhara Region Amhara militias
Alleged:
 Ethiopia
 Eritrea[483]

2021 Ongoing Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria

Part of the herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria and the conflict in the Niger Delta

Republic of Biafra Biafran separatists
Oduduwa separatists (only against Fulani herders)

 Nigeria
Spillover into Bakassi:
 Cameroon
2021 2021 2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes

Part of the post-Soviet conflicts

 Kyrgyzstan

 Tajikistan

2021 Ongoing Myanmar civil war (2021–present)

Part of the Myanmar conflict

2021 2021 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis

Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict


Jewish Israeli protesters


Protesters in Israel and Palestine
Jordanian, Lebanese, and Syrian protesters (see international)
2021 Ongoing Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)

Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

 Armenia

 Azerbaijan

2021 Ongoing Republican insurgency in Afghanistan

Part of the Afghan conflict

 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

al-Qaeda (alleged)[501]
Supported by:
 Pakistan (until 2024; unconfirmed)

 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan loyalists[note 4]

Supported by:
 Tajikistan (alleged)[504][505]
 Pakistan (alleged, since 2024)[506][507]


Independent militias

2021 2021 2021 Afghanistan–Iran clashes

Part of the spillover of the Afghanistan conflict

 Afghanistan

 Iran

2022 Ongoing Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict

Part of Terrorism in Bangladesh


PCJSS-MN Larma
UPDF-D

PCJSS


UPDF


Kuki-Chin National Front

2022 Ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War (outline)

 Ukraine

2022 Ongoing M23 compaign (2022–present)

Part of the Kivu conflict and the Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda conflict

RED-Tabara (from Feb 2025)[510]
Mai-Mai Rushaba (from March 2025)[511]
 Rwanda[ar]

 DR Congo
SADC Mission in DRC (until 2025)[527]
FDLR[514][528][529]
2022 2022 2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia

Part of the Ethiopian–Somali conflict, the Somali Civil War (2009–present), Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) and the spillover of the Tigray war

 Ethiopia

Al-Qaeda

2022 Ongoing North Kosovo crisis

 Kosovo
 Albania
Diplomatic support:
 NATO
 European Union

 Serbia
Diplomatic support:
 China
 Russia
 Hungary[532][533]
 Greece
 Cyprus
 Montenegro
 Republika Srpska

2022 2022 2022 Gaza–Israel clashes

Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

 Israel

Palestine Gaza Strip[534][535][536][537]

2022 2022 September 2022 Armenian-Azerbaijani clashes

Part of the Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis

 Armenia

 Azerbaijan

2022 2022 2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes

Part of the post-Soviet conflicts

 Kyrgyzstan

 Tajikistan
Afghan mujahids[541][542][543] (per Kyrgyzstan)

2023 Ongoing Las Anod conflict (2023–present)

Part of the Somali Civil War (2009–present)

 Somaliland

 SSC-Khatumo
Supported by:
 Somalia[544]
Harti militiamen[545]

2023 Ongoing War in Amhara
Part of the Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)

Fano factions

 Ethiopia

2023 2023 2023 Afghanistan–Iran clash
Part of the Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)

 Afghanistan

 Iran

2023 Ongoing Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Part of the Sudanese Civil Wars
Joint Darfur Force (from November 2023)

Foreign Support
 Ukraine[549][550][551]
 Turkey[552]

Tamazuj (from August 2023)

Foreign Support
Libyan National Army[555]
 United Arab Emirates[556][557][558][559]
Wagner Group[560][561]


SLM (al-Nur)[562]
SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (June 2023 – February 2025)
2023 2023 Wagner Group rebellion
Part of the Wagner Group–MoD conflict during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

 PMC Wagner

 Russia

2023 2023 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Azerbaijan[as]

Artsakh[at]

2023 Ongoing Gaza war
Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
 Israel[au]
Israeli allies:
 Hamas
2023 Ongoing Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–2024)
Part of the Hezbollah–Israel conflict, the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war

 Israel

 Hezbollah[565]
2023 2024 Attacks on US bases during the Gaza war
Part of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives and the Eastern Syria insurgency in the Syrian civil war

 United States
 United Kingdom[573] Supported by:

 Jordan[574]
Syrian Democratic Forces
Syrian opposition Al-Tanf Garrison[575][576][577][578]

 Iran
Ba'athist Syria (until 2024)[579]
Proxies
Islamic Resistance in Iraq
Hezbollah Syrian Hezbollah[580]
Liwa Fatemiyoun[581]
Popular Mobilization Forces[582]

2024 Ongoing Ecuadorian conflict (2024–present)
Part of the Ecuadorian security crisis the war on drugs and the war on drugs in Ecuador

Ecuador Government of Ecuador

Organized crime groups, notably Los Choneros

2024 2024 2024 Iran–Pakistan border skirmishes
Part of the insurgency in Balochistan and Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
 Iran
Claimed by Pakistan:
Baloch Nationalists:
Balochistan Liberation Army
Balochistan Liberation Front
 Pakistan
Claimed by Iran:
Islamists:
Jaish ul-Adl
2024 2024 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
Part of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present), the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Israeli–Lebanese conflict

 Israel

 Hezbollah

 Lebanon[ax][590]

UNIFIL[ay]

2024 2024 2024 Syrian opposition offensives
Part of the Syrian civil war

[az]
2024 2025 Kursk offensive (2024–2025)

Part of attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

 Russia
 North Korea[ba]

 Ukraine

2025 Ongoing 2025 Goma offensive and others

Part of the M23 campaign

Congo River Alliance

 Rwanda

2025 2025 2025 Nasir clashes

Part of the aftermath of the South Sudanese Civil War

Nuer White Army

 South Sudan
 Uganda (9 March–1 April)


United Nations UNMISS

2025 Ongoing 2025 Malakal clashes

South Sudan SPLM-IO

  • SPLA-IO

 South Sudan

2025 2025 2025 India–Pakistan conflict

Part of India–Pakistani wars and conflicts, 2025 India–Pakistan crisis, Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir and Kashmir conflict

 India

 Pakistan

2025 2025 2025 Tripoli clashes

Part of the Libyan crisis

Government of National Unity

Stability Support Apparatus
Libya Shield Force


Special Deterrence Forces

2025 Ongoing Iran–Israel war

Part of the Iran–Israel conflict (2024–present)

 Israel

 Iran
 Houthis
Islamic Resistance in Iraq

  1. ^ Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
  2. ^ Signed the Doha Darfur Peace Agreement in 2011.
  3. ^ Until 2020, when it re-merged into the TTP.
  4. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2007.
  5. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2015.
  6. ^ ACA was active from 2014 until 2016, when most of its members and leaders were killed. The group was effectively defunct after this point, but was revived sometime in 2017 by members of the EML.
  7. ^ Inglés National Movement for Reform and Development
  8. ^ Inglés Justice and Equality Movement
  9. ^ Francés Front uni pour le changement
  10. ^ Francés Union des forces pour la démocratie et le développement
  11. ^ Francés Rassemblement des forces pour le changement
  12. ^ Francés Concorde Nationale Tchadienne
  13. ^ Francés Conseil démocratique révolutionnaire
  14. ^ Francés Union des Forces Démocratiques pour le Progrès
  15. ^ Francés Rassemblement pour la démocratie et la liberté
  16. ^ Francés Union des Forces pour la démocratie et le développement-Fondamentale
  17. ^ Francés Socle pour le changement, l'unité et la démocratie
  18. ^ Francés Conseil National du Redressement
  19. ^ Francés Union des forces de la résistance
  20. ^ Francés Union des forces pour le changement et la démocratie
  21. ^ Francés Front pour le salut de la République
  22. ^ Francés Union des Forces de Résistance
  23. ^ Alianza formada en 2008 por el UFDD, el UFDD-F y el RFC.
  24. ^ Francés Front populaire pour la renaissance nationale
  25. ^ Francés Union démocratique pour le changement
  26. ^ Francés Mouvement Populaire pour la Renaissance et le Developpement
  27. ^ The Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades was Fatah's armed wing, and while still aligned with Fatah in terms of political ideology, is now a member of the Palestinian Joint Operations Room and allied with Hamas. The AAMB separated from Fatah after Mahmoud Abbas' 2007 decree banning all militias following the Battle of Gaza. Nonetheless, it sometimes still presents itself as the party's armed wing, an association rejected by Fatah leadership.
  28. ^ The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction[38] before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012.[38][39][40] The group had no known military presence in Nigeria from 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active. The group appear allied with rag-tag factions in the Nigerian bandit conflict and were recently behind the Abuja–Kaduna train attack[41]
  29. ^ Following Mohammed Yusuf's death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other.[45][46] This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL. The leadership of ISIL eventually decided to replace Shekau as a local commander with Yusuf's son Abu Musab al-Barnawi, whereupon the movement split completely. Shekau no longer recognized the authority of ISIL's central command, and his loyalists started to openly fight the followers of al-Barnawi. Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous. In the Battle of Sambisa Forest of 2021 ISWAP fighters killed Shekau and al-Barnawi nominally remains head of ISWAP[47]
  30. ^ MINUSMA, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, included troops from Chad, Bangladesh, Senegal, Togo, Egypt, Burkina Faso, Niger, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Germany, China, Benin, among others[164][165]
  31. ^ The participation of the Wagner Group, a Russian private military company, has been denied by both Russia and Mali, which insist Russia is only sending military advisors.
  32. ^ Faction affiliated with the CSP-PSD
  33. ^ The SPLM-IO accused JEM of supporting Kiir's government since 2013, though JEM has denied any involvement and claims to maintain neutrality in the South Sudanese Civil War.[232] The Sudanese government,[233] aid workers[232] and other sources[234] have however affirmed that JEM is taking part in conflict on the side of the South Sudanese government.[235]
  34. ^ The Cobra Faction openly opposed the government until 2014, and remained in relative opposition until 2015, when it divided into a pro-government and pro-SPLM-IO faction, the latter of which formed the Greater Pibor Forces. In early 2016, the Cobra Faction effectively disbanded, when the remaining group joined the government.[244][245][246] In September 2016, however, the Cobra Faction was declared restored by some of its commanders and declared that it had resumed its struggle against the government.[247]
  35. ^ a b The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic were Russian puppet states that declared their independence from Ukraine in May 2014. In 2022, they received international recognition from each other, Russia, Syria and North Korea, and some other partially recognised states. On 30 September 2022, Russia declared that it had formally annexed both entities. They continue to exist as republics of Russia.
  36. ^ In 2022, Belarus allowed Russia to use its territory to launch the invasion[269][270][271] and to launch missiles into Ukraine.[272] See: Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
  37. ^ Since April 2022, the Southern Transitional Council is part of the Yemeni government led by the Presidential Leadership Council. Multiple sources:
    • Salem, Mostafa; Kolirin, Lianne (7 April 2022). "Hopes of peace in Yemen as President hands power to new presidential council". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
    • Ghobari, Mohamed (7 April 2022). "Yemen president sacks deputy, delegates presidential powers to council". Aden: Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
    • Al-Sakani, Ali (19 April 2022). "Yemen inaugurates new presidential council". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023.
  38. ^ Denied by Azerbaijan[472][473] and Turkey.[474]
  39. ^ former New Democratic Army – Kachin, Lahu Democratic Front, Karen National Army
  40. ^ Despite having issued a public statement of support for anti-junta resistance in April 2021, the ZRA has been supplied by and worked alongside the junta to attack resistance[486][487]
  41. ^ Hundreds of anti-SAC local defence forces are strewn across the country, which operate unconventionally, carrying out hit-and-run attacks, targeted killings, ambushes, remote bombings and a small number of rocket attacks.[496]
  42. ^ Besides Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, FDD's Long War Journal identified the following militant groups as having fought in the 2021 conflict: Jihad Jibril Brigades, Humat al-Aqsa, Jaysh al-Ummah, Katibat al-Sheikh al-Emireen, Mujahideen Brigades, Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades, and two al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades splinter factions.[500]
  43. ^ In 2022, Belarus allowed Russia to use its territory to launch the invasion[269][508][271] and to launch missiles into Ukraine.[509] See: Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
  44. ^ Rwandan involvement was first alleged by the DR Congo,[512] a claim which was later substantiated by the findings of researchers tasked by the United Nations.[513][514] Rwanda has denied its support for M23.[512]
  45. ^ See § Foreign involvement for more details.
  46. ^ See § Foreign involvement for more details.
  47. ^ See List of military aid to Israel during the Gaza war and American involvement
  48. ^ Popular Forces have been described as a Salafi Jihadist organisation with alleged ties to the Islamic State
  49. ^ From May 2024[563][564]
  50. ^ The Lebanese government stated they will stay out of the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel, but would respond to Israeli attacks on their positions.
  51. ^ Although UNIFIL is a peacekeeping force and is not actively engaged in hostilities, its positions have been targeted and its peacekeepers have suffered casualties.[591]
  52. ^ Armament support only.
  53. ^ From November 2024[604]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ South Ossetia's status is disputed. It considers itself to be an independent state, but this is recognised by only a few other countries. The Georgian government and most of the world's other states consider South Ossetia de jure a part of Georgia's territory.
  2. ^ The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Georgia in 1992, Abkhazia is formally recognised as an independent state by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as de jure Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as Russian-occupied territory.
  3. ^ Supported Malaysian action during the standoff, but was not involved in the operation.
  4. ^ Though the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ceased to exist on 15 August 2021, many soldiers, officials and other loyalists relocated to Panjshir and rallied under its banner. These elements and exiled officials claimed to maintain the republic in some form,[502] with Amrullah Saleh styling himself "caretaker" president.
  5. ^ Freedom Corps, Liberation Front of Afghanistan, Soldiers of Hazaristan, Freedom and Democracy Front, High Council of Resistance, Atta Mohammad Noor's militia, ect.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism. Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.
  3. ^ Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram. Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.
  4. ^ West Africa leaders vow to wage 'total war' on Boko Haram Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine By John Irish and Elizabeth Pineau. 17 May 2014 2:19 PM.
  5. ^ African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims, Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.
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  7. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, 4–8.
  8. ^ ICG (2018), pp. 5, 6.
  9. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, 3, 7.
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  22. ^ Hassan Ibrahim (13 May 2024). "Turkey recruits Syrians to fight in Africa under supervision of Sultan Murad Division". Enab Baladi.
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  47. ^ Warner & Hulme (2018), p. 22.
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  52. ^ Loiko, Sergei L. (15 June 2010). "Kyrgyzstan riots: Kyrgyzstan will get aid, no troops from regional security group". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
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