List of species affected by imposex
Appearance

In the late 1970’s, imposex had been recognized in at least 34 gastropod species.[2] This number had increased to at least 100 species a decade later,[3] and by 1994, it had been verified in females of at least 195 species worldwide.[4] The records continued to increase to a total of 260 species in the following 15 years.[5][6] The condition is known to affect marine, estuarine, and freshwater species from several families.[7][8][9]
List of species
[edit]Ampullariidae
[edit]- Marisa cornuarietis, the ramshorn apple snail[9]
- Pomacea canaliculata, the golden apple snail[5]
- Pomacea scalaris[8]
Buccinanopsidae
[edit]- Buccinanops cochlidium[10]
- Buccinanops monilifer[10]
- Buccinastrum deforme, the collared buccinum[11]
Columbellidae
[edit]- Amphissa columbiana, the wrinkled dove snail[7]
- Astyris lunata[7]
- Costoanachis avara, the greedy dove shell[7]
Cominellidae
[edit]Conidae
[edit]- Conasprella jaspidea, the Jasper cone[10]
- Conus ventricosus, the Mediterranean cone[7]
Fasciolariidae
[edit]- Leucozonia nassa[10]
- Taron dubius[12]
- Triplofusus giganteus, the Florida horse conch[13]
Littorinidae
[edit]- Littoraria angulifera, the mangrove periwinkle[14]
- Littorina sitkana[15]
Melongenidae
[edit]- Melongena melongena, the Caribbean crown conch[16]
- Pugilina tupiniquim[10]
Muricidae
[edit]- Bedeva vinosa[17]
- Bolinus brandaris the purple dye murex[7]
- Calotrophon ostrearum, the mauve-mouth drill[7]
- Ceratostoma foliatum the leafy hornmouth[7]
- Chicoreus brevifrons, the West Indian murex[18]
- Chicoreus florifer, the flowery lace murex[7]
- Dicathais orbita, the white rock shell[19]
- Drupella rugosa, the rugose drupe[7]
- Drupella margariticola, the shouldered castor bean[7]
- Eupleura caudata[7]
- Eupleura sulcidentata, the sharp-ribbed drill[7]
- Eupleura tampaensis[7]
- Haustrum haustorium, the dark rock shell[12]
- Haustrum scobina, the oyster borer[12]
- Hexaplex trunculus, the banded dye-murex[7]
- Nucella canaliculata, the channeled dog winkle[7]
- Nucella emarginata the emarginate dogwinkle[7]
- Nucella lamellosa, the frilled dog winkle[7]
- Nucella lapillus, the dog whelk[20]
- Nucella lima the file dog winkle[7]
- Ocenebra erinaceus, the European sting winkle[7]
- Paciocinebrina lurida, the dwarf lurid triton[7]
- Phyllonotus margaritensis, the Margarita Murex[18]
- Phyllonotus pomum, the apple murex[7]
- Plicopurpura pansa[21]
- Plicopurpura patula, a muricid snail[16]
- Purpura panama, the salmon-lipped whelk[22]
- Stramonita brasiliensis, the Brazilian red-mouthed rock shell[23][10]
- Stramonita canaliculata[7]
- Stramonita rustica[16][10]
- Rapana venosa, the veined rapa whelk[24]
- Reishia clavigera, a rock snail[4]
- Reishia luteostoma, a rock snail[4]
- Tenguella musiva, the mosaic purpura[7]
- Tenguella marginalba, the mulberry whelk[7]
- Thaisella chocolata[25]
- Thaisella coronata[10]
- Trophon geversianus, the Gever's trophon[11]
- Tylothais aculeata[26]
- Urosalpinx cinerea, the eastern oyster drill[7]
- Vasula deltoidea[16]
- Vokesinotus perrugatus[7]
- Xanthochorus buxeus[25]
- Xymenopsis muriciformis[10]
- Zeatrophon ambiguus, the large trophon[12]
Nassariidae
[edit]- Ilyanassa obsoleta, the eastern mud snail[27]
- Phrontis vibex, the bruised nassa[10]
- Tritia reticulata, the netted dog whelk[28]
Strombidae
[edit]- Aliger gigas, the queen conch[1]
- Laevistrombus canarium, the dog conch[29]
- Strombus pugilis, the fighting conch[16]
Volutidae
[edit]- Adelomelon ancilla[30]
- Adelomelon beckii, Beck's volute[10]
- Voluta ebraea, the Hebrew volute[31]
- Voluta musica, the music volute[32]
- Odontocymbiola magellanica[10]
- Pachycymbiola brasiliana[10]
- Pachycymbiola ferussacii[10]
Olividae
[edit]- Callianax biplicata, the purple dwarf olive[7]
- Olivancillaria deshayesiana[10]
- Olivancillaria vesica[33]
- Olivella minuta[10]
Other families
[edit]- Amalda australis, the southern olive[12]
- Babylonia areolata, a babyloniid sea snail[34]
- Bostrycapulus odites, a slipper snail[10]
- Hastula cinerea[10]
- Heleobia australis[35]
- Monoplex parthenopeus, the giant hairy triton[10]
- Monodonta labio, the toothed top shell[26]
- Nerita exuvia, the snakeskin nerite[26]
- Prunum martini[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Voss, Jn; Brown-Peterson, Nj; Delgado, Ga (2025). "Revisiting the imposex queen conch Aliger gigas near Port Everglades, Florida: demographics, histopathology, and sediment contamination". Endangered Species Research. 57: 1–7. doi:10.3354/esr01401.
- ^ Jenner, Martha Garrett (1979). "Pseudohermaphroditism in Ilyanassa obsoleta (Mollusca: Neogastropoda)". Science. 205 (4413): 1407–1409. doi:10.1126/science.472758.
- ^ Fioroni, P.; Oehlmann, J.; Stroben, E. (1991). "The pseudohermaphroditism of prosobranchs; morphological aspects". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 226: 1–26.
- ^ a b c Horiguchi, T.; Shiraishi, H.; Shimizu, M.; Morita, M. (1994). "Imposex and organotin compounds in Thais clavigera and T. bronni in Japan". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 74 (3): 651–669. Bibcode:1994JMBUK..74..651H. doi:10.1017/S002531540004772X.
- ^ a b Martínez, María L.; Piol, María N.; Sbarbati Nudelman, Norma; Verrengia Guerrero, Noemí R. (2017). "Tributyltin bioaccumulation and toxic effects in freshwater gastropods Pomacea canaliculata after a chronic exposure: field and laboratory studies". Ecotoxicology. 26 (5): 691–701. doi:10.1007/s10646-017-1801-8.
- ^ Hiromori, Youhei; Nishikawa, Jun-ichi; Yoshida, Ichiro; Nagase, Hisamitsu; Nakanishi, Tsuyoshi (2009). "Structure-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ by organotin compounds". Chemico-Biological Interactions. 180 (2): 238–244. Bibcode:2009CBI...180..238H. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2009.03.006. PMID 19497422.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Horiguchi, Toshihiro; Shiraishi, Hiroaki; Shimizu, Makoto; Yamazaki, Sunao; Morita, Masatoshi (1994). "Organotin compounds and their effects on aquatic organisms, focusing on imposex in gastropods". Main Group Metal Chemistry. 17 (1–4). doi:10.1515/MGMC.1994.17.1-4.81.
- ^ a b Jing-Ying, Wu; Pei-Jie, Meng; Ming-Yie, Liu; Yuh-Wen, Chiu; Li-Lian, Liu (2010). "A High Incidence of Imposex in Pomacea Apple Snails in Taiwan: A Decade after Triphenyltin Was Banned" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 49 (1): 85–93.
- ^ a b Schulte-Oehlmann, U.; Bettin, C.; Fioroni, P.; Oehlmann, J.; Stroben, E. (1995). "Marisa cornuarietis (Gastropoda, prosobranchia): a potential TBT bioindicator for freshwater environments". Ecotoxicology. 4 (6): 372–384. doi:10.1007/BF00118872.
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- ^ a b Giulianelli, Sebastián; Ruivo, Raquel; Neuparth, Teresa; Castro, Luís Filipe C.; Bigatti, Gregorio; Santos, Miguel M. (2025). "Cloning and comparative analysis of the retinoid X receptor in two marine gastropods with varying sensitivity to imposex under tributyltin contamination". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 32 (15): 9479–9488. Bibcode:2025ESPR...32.9479G. doi:10.1007/s11356-025-36278-7. PMID 40128418.
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- ^ Leal, José H; Hulse, Carly; D'Agostino, Claire; Fogelson, Susan (2024). "First record of imposex in the horse conch, Triplofusus giganteus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae)". Bulletin of Marine Science. 101 (2): 899–900. doi:10.5343/bms.2024.0104.
- ^ Costa, M. B.; Zamprogno, G. C.; Pedruzzi, F. C.; Dalbem, G. B.; Tognella, M. M. P. (2013). "Assessing the Continuous Impact of Tributyltin from Antifouling Paints in a Brazilian Mangrove Area Using Intersex in Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822) as Biomarker". International Journal of Oceanography. 2013: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2013/769415.
- ^ Nohara, Masahiro (1999). "Variation and Abnormality of Genital System in Littorina sitkana Philippi (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Northern Japan". Zoological Science. 16 (5): 827–838. doi:10.2108/zsj.16.827.
- ^ a b c d e Meza-Morelos, Dairo; Johnson Restrepo, Boris; Braga Castro, Ítalo; Fillmann, Gilberto; Fernández Maestre, Roberto (2024). "Imposex incidence in gastropod species from the Colombian Caribbean Coast reveals continued and widespread tributyltin contamination after its global ban". Environmental Pollution. 362: 125010. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125010. PMID 39313126.
- ^ Nias, Deborah J; McKillup, Stephen C; Edyvane, Karen S (1993). "Imposex in Lepsiella vinosa from Southern Australia". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 26 (7): 380–384. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(93)90185-M.
- ^ a b Miloslavich, P.; Penchaszadeh, P. E.; Bigatti, G. (2007). "Imposex en gastrópodos de Venezuela". Ciencias Marinas (in Spanish). 33 (3): 319–324. ISSN 0185-3880.
- ^ Wells, Fred E.; Keesing, John K.; Gagnon, Marthe Monique; Irvine, Tennille R.; Bessey, Cindy; Spilsbury, Francis (2024). "Annual and decadal surveys of molluscs on intertidal platform reefs in a warming marine environment in the southeastern Indian Ocean provide a baseline for monitoring for future environmental changes". Molluscan Research. 44 (1): 98–106. Bibcode:2024MollR..44...98W. doi:10.1080/13235818.2023.2295778.
- ^ Davies, Im; Harding, Mjc; Bailey, Sk; Shanks, Am; Länge, R (1997). "Sublethal effects of tributyltin oxide on the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 158: 191–204. Bibcode:1997MEPS..158..191D. doi:10.3354/meps158191.
- ^ Domínguez-Ojeda, Delia; Patrón-Soberano, Olga Araceli; Nieto-Navarro, José Trinidad; Robledo-Marenco, María de Lourdes; Velázquez-Fernández, Jesús Bernardino (2015). "Imposex in Plicopurpura pansa (Neogastropoda: Thaididae) in Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico". Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 86 (2): 531–534. doi:10.1016/j.rmb.2015.04.018.
- ^ Batista-Andrade, Jahir Antonio; Caldas, Sergiane Souza; Batista, Rodrigo Moço; Castro, Italo Braga; Fillmann, Gilberto; Primel, Ednei Gilberto (2018). "From TBT to booster biocides: Levels and impacts of antifouling along coastal areas of Panama". Environmental Pollution. 234: 243–252. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.063.
- ^ Abreu, Fiamma E.L.; Lima da Silva, Juliane Natália; Castro, Ítalo Braga; Fillmann, Gilberto (2020). "Are antifouling residues a matter of concern in the largest South American port?". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 398: 122937. Bibcode:2020JHzM..39822937A. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122937. PMID 32768825.
- ^ Unger, Michael A.; Harvey, Ellen; Southworth, Melissa; Mann, Roger; Marquardt, Alexandria; Otto, Nathan (2025). "Decreases in TBT concentrations in southern Chesapeake Bay: Evidence for long-term TBT degradation and reduced imposex in the invasive gastropod, Rapana venosa". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 212: 117524. Bibcode:2025MarPB.21217524U. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117524. PMID 39862682.
- ^ a b Enrique, Seid; Guabloche, Angélica; Tuesta, Eduardo; Iannacone, Jose; Castro, Italo Braga (2019). "Imposex responses in Thaisella chocolata and Xanthochorus buxeus from Callao harbor, Peru". Regional Studies in Marine Science. 26: 100510. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100510.
- ^ a b c Rumampuk, N. D. C.; Schaduw, J. N. W.; Lintang, R. A. J.; Rompas, R. M. (2019). "Imposex phenomenon in gastropods from Bitung waters, North Sulawesi, Indonesia". AACL Bioflux. 12 (2). ISSN 1844-9166.
- ^ Smith, Blakeman S. (1971). "Sexuality in the american mud snail, Nassarius obsoletus say". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 39 (5): 377–378. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a065117.
- ^ Barroso, Carlos M.; Rato, Milene; Veríssimo, Alfredo; Sousa, Ana; Santos, José António; Coelho, Sónia; Gaspar, Miguel B.; Maia, Francisco; Galante-Oliveira, Susana (2011). "Combined use of Nassarius reticulatus imposex and statolith age determination for tracking temporal evolution of TBT pollution in the NW Portuguese continental shelf". Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 13 (11): 3018–3025. doi:10.1039/C1EM10508F. PMID 21987262.
- ^ Cob, Z. C.; Arshad, A.; Bujang, J. S.; Ghaffar, M. A. (2011). "Description and evaluation of imposex in Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda, Strombidae): a potential bio-indicator of tributyltin pollution" (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 178 (1–4): 393–400. Bibcode:2011EMnAs.178..393C. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1698-7. PMID 20824325. S2CID 207130813.
- ^ Penchaszadeh, Pablo E.; Antelo, Carlos Sánchez; Zabala, Soledad; Bigatti, Gregorio (2009). "Reproduction and imposex in the edible snail Adelomelon ancilla from northern Patagonia, Argentina". Marine Biology. 156 (9): 1929–1939. Bibcode:2009MarBi.156.1929P. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1225-y. hdl:11336/95600.
- ^ Castro, Í. B.; et al. (2008). "Imposex in endemic volutid from Northeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 51 (5). Brazil: 1065–1069. doi:10.1590/s1516-89132008000500024. ISSN 1516-8913.
- ^ Peralta, Ana Carolina; Miloslavich, Patricia; Bigatti, Gregorio (2014). "Imposex en Voluta musica (Caenogastropoda: Volutidae) en el Noreste de la Península de Araya, Venezuela". Revista de Biología Tropical (in Spanish). 62 (2): 523–532. ISSN 0034-7744.
- ^ Caetano, C. H. S.; Absalão, R. S. (2002). "Imposex in Olivancillaria vesica vesica (Gmelin) (Gastropoda, Olividae) trom a Southeastern Brazilian sandy beach" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 19 (2). Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia: 215–218. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752002000600022. ISSN 0101-8175.
- ^ Zou, Yu; Liang, Yuan; Luo, Xuan; You, Weiwei; Shen, Minghui; Fu, Jingqiang; Ke, Caihuan (2025). "Development of a sex-specific molecular marker reveals the ZW/ZZ sex-determination system in Babylonia areolata (link 1807)". Aquaculture. 598: 742044. Bibcode:2025Aquac.59842044Z. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.742044.
- ^ Neves, Raquel A. F.; Valentin, Jean Louis; Figueiredo, Gisela M. (2013). "First record of imposex in Heleobia australis (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 79 (1): 82–85. doi:10.1093/mollus/eys034.