List of reverse zoonotic diseases
This is a list of reverse zoonotic diseases, infectious diseases that have been reported to jump from a human to a non-human animal.
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| Virus | Bacteria | Parasite | Fungi |
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Disease[1] | Pathogens | Animals affected | Mode of transmission | Transmission occurrences |
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African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) | Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | wildlife, livestock | bite of the tsetse fly | Natural transmission cycle in African trypanosomiasis-endemic areas. |
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Avian influenza | Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 | livestock, companion animals, wildlife | direct contact, fomites, oral route, aerosols, inoculation | Livestock farms, households, veterinary hospitals, slaughterhouse, veterinary laboratories in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam. |
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COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | companion animals, ferrets, livestock | aerosols, inoculation | Susceptability studies in the Netherlands[2] and China. |
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Dengue fever | Dengue virus | primates | mosquito bite (primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) | Natural transmission cycle in Dengue-endemic areas. |
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Giardiasis | Giardia duodenalis | wildlife, livestock | direct contact, oral route | National parks in Uganda. Livestock farms in Canada. Wildlife in Ghana. Zoos in Australia, Namibia, Zambia. |
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Hepatitis E | Hepatitis E virus | domestic and wild animals | contaminated food or water | Wildlife and commercially sold laboratory animals in United States. |
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Human herpesvirus 1 infection | Herpes simplex virus 1 | companion animals and wildlife | direct contact, fomites, aerosols | Several reports of human to primate transmission.[3][4] |
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Human herpesvirus 4 infection | Epstein–Barr virus | companion animals and wildlife | direct contact, fomites, aerosols | Several reports of human to dogs and rodents transmission.[3][5] |
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Human metapneumovirus infection | Human metapneumovirus | primates | direct contact, aerosols | National Park in Tanzania. |
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Microsporidiosis | Encephalitozoon intestinalis | wildlife | direct contact, oral route | National park in Uganda.[6] |
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MRSA infection | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | livestock, companion animals | direct contact, fomites, oral route | Veterinary hospitals, slaughterhouses, households. |
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Norovirus infection (Norwalk virus infection, winter vomiting disease) | Norovirus | companion animals | direct contact, indirect contact via contaminated surfaces, food, or water shared between humans and animals | Households in Thailand.[7] |
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ORSA infection | Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | livestock | unclear (evidence of human origin confirmed by phylogenetic analysis) | Livestock facility in Taiwan.[8] |
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Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis | wildlife, companion animals, livestock | direct contact, oral route, aerosols | Zoos, veterinary hospitals, slaughterhouses in South Africa, United States, India, Ethiopia. |
See also
[edit]- Zoonosis
- Reverse zoonosis
- Spillover infection
- Wildlife disease
- Veterinary medicine
- Wildlife smuggling and zoonoses
- List of zoonotic primate viruses
- List of zoonotic diseases
References
[edit]- ^ Information in this table is largely compiled from: Messenger, Ali M.; Barnes, Amber N.; Gray, Gregory C. (2014-02-28). "Reverse Zoonotic Disease Transmission (Zooanthroponosis): A Systematic Review of Seldom-Documented Human Biological Threats to Animals". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e89055. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...989055M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089055. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3938448. PMID 24586500.
- ^ van Aart, Anna E.; Velkers, Francisca C.; Fischer, Egil A.J.; Broens, Els M.; Egberink, Herman; Zhao, Shan; Engelsma, Marc; Hakze-van der Honing, Renate W.; Harders, Frank; de Rooij, Myrna M.T.; Radstake, Carien; Meijer, Paola A.; Oude Munnink, Bas B.; de Rond, Jan; Sikkema, Reina S. (2021-06-10). "SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats and dogs in infected mink farms". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69 (5): 3001–3007. doi:10.1111/tbed.14173. ISSN 1865-1674. PMC 8242445. PMID 34080762.
- ^ a b Tischer, B. Karsten; Osterrieder, Nikolaus (2010). "Herpesviruses—A zoonotic threat?". Veterinary Microbiology. 140 (3–4): 266–270. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.020. ISSN 0378-1135. PMC 2815145. PMID 19616388.
- ^ Mätz-Rensing, K.; Jentsch, K. D.; Rensing, S.; Langenhuyzen, S.; Verschoor, E.; Niphuis, H.; Kaup, F.-J. (2003). "Fatal Herpes simplex Infection in a Group of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)". Veterinary Pathology. 40 (4): 405–411. doi:10.1354/vp.40-4-405. ISSN 0300-9858. PMID 12824512.
- ^ Yang, Lixin; Maruo, Seiji; Takada, Kenzo (2000-11-15). "CD21-Mediated Entry and Stable Infection by Epstein-Barr Virus in Canine and Rat Cells". Journal of Virology. 74 (22): 10745–10751. doi:10.1128/jvi.74.22.10745-10751.2000. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 110949. PMID 11044119.
- ^ Graczyk, Thaddeus; Bosco-Nizeyi, John; da Silva, Alexandre; Moura, Iaci; Pieniazek, Norman; Cranfield, Michael; Lindquist, Alan (2002-10-01). "A single genotype of Encephalitozoon intestinalis infects free-ranging gorillas and people sharing their habitats in Uganda". Parasitology Research. 88 (10): 926–931. doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0693-5. ISSN 0932-0113. PMID 12209334.
- ^ Charoenkul, Kamonpan; Nasamran, Chanakarn; Janetanakit, Taveesak; Tangwangvivat, Ratanaporn; Bunpapong, Napawan; Boonyapisitsopa, Supanat; Suwannakarn, Kamol; Theamboonler, Apiradee; Chuchaona, Watchaporn; Poovorawan, Yong; Amonsin, Alongkorn (2020). "Human Norovirus Infection in Dogs, Thailand". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26 (2): 350–353. doi:10.3201/eid2602.191151. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 6986825. PMID 31961308.
- ^ Hsieh, Jui-Ming; Chen, Ren-Shinn; Tsai, Tsung-Yu; Pan, Tzu-Ming; Chou, Chin-Cheng (2008). "Phylogenetic analysis of livestock oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Veterinary Microbiology. 126 (1–3): 234–242. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.013. ISSN 0378-1135. PMID 17719189.