List of cities in Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it is the 27th-most populous state, with 4,237,256 inhabitants,[1] and ranked 10th by land area, spanning 95,988 square miles (248,610 km2) of land.[2][3] Oregon is divided into 36 counties and contains 241 incorporated cities.[3][4] Approximately 71 percent of the state's population lives in cities, which also generate 83 percent of economic activity and have 82 percent of Oregon's jobs.[4]
The most populous municipality in Oregon is Portland with 652,503 residents, and the least populous municipality is Greenhorn with three residents.[5][6] In 2020, the state had five cities with populations greater than 100,000 residents.[2][7] Portland is also the largest city by land area, at 133.45 sq mi (345.6 km2), while Barlow is the smallest at 0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2).[3][8] The oldest city in Oregon is Oregon City, which was incorporated in 1844 by the Provisional Legislature and was the first recognized city west of the Rocky Mountains.[9] The most recent city to incorporate is La Pine, which was formed in 2006.[10] Cities are able to be dissolved through disincorporation or consolidated to form a new city, such as the amalgamation of three cities in 1965 to create Lincoln City.[11]
All cities have an elected council and an executive that differs based on the chosen form of local government. A majority of large cities use the council–manager form, which has an executive city manager who is appointed by the council but is not directly elected. The mayor–council form includes an elected mayor that serves as the chief executive.[4][12] Until its change to a mayor–council system in 2025, Portland used the commission form of government in which elected members of the city commission were also appointed by the mayor to lead city departments.[12][13] Cities are generally responsible for providing emergency services, land use planning, maintenance of streets, water and waste treatment utilities, and other social services.[4] Revenue for these municipal services is primarily derived from property taxes, followed by fees, hotel taxes, and some funding that is shared with the state government.[14]
List of incorporated cities
[edit]-
Downtown skyline of Portland, the most populous city in Oregon
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Downtown view of Eugene, the second-most populous city in Oregon
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Buildings in Salem, the third-most populous city in Oregon and the state's capital
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City Park in Gresham, the fourth-most populous city in Oregon
† | County seat[15] |
---|---|
‡ | State capital and county seat[15] |
Name | County[16][17][a] | Population | Change, 2010–2020 |
Land area[8] | Population density | Incorporated[15] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 census[2] | 2010 census[18] | sq mi | km2 | |||||
Adair Village | Benton | 994 | 840 | +18.33% | 0.44 | 1.1 | 2,259.1/sq mi (872.2/km2) | 1976 |
Adams | Umatilla | 389 | 350 | +11.14% | 0.36 | 0.93 | 1,080.6/sq mi (417.2/km2) | 1893 |
Adrian | Malheur | 157 | 177 | −11.30% | 0.24 | 0.62 | 654.2/sq mi (252.6/km2) | 1972 |
Albany † | Linn, Benton |
56,472 | 50,158 | +12.59% | 17.66 | 45.7 | 3,197.7/sq mi (1,234.7/km2) | 1864 |
Amity | Yamhill | 1,757 | 1,614 | +8.86% | 0.59 | 1.5 | 2,978.0/sq mi (1,149.8/km2) | 1880 |
Antelope | Wasco | 37 | 46 | −19.57% | 0.46 | 1.2 | 80.4/sq mi (31.1/km2) | 1901 |
Arlington | Gilliam | 628 | 586 | +7.17% | 2.55 | 6.6 | 246.3/sq mi (95.1/km2) | 1885 |
Ashland | Jackson | 21,360 | 20,078 | +6.39% | 6.64 | 17.2 | 3,216.9/sq mi (1,242.0/km2) | 1874 |
Astoria † | Clatsop | 10,181 | 9,477 | +7.43% | 6.14 | 15.9 | 1,658.1/sq mi (640.2/km2) | 1856 |
Athena | Umatilla | 1,209 | 1,126 | +7.37% | 0.55 | 1.4 | 2,198.2/sq mi (848.7/km2) | 1904 |
Aumsville | Marion | 4,234 | 3,584 | +18.14% | 1.13 | 2.9 | 3,746.9/sq mi (1,446.7/km2) | 1911 |
Aurora | Marion | 1,133 | 918 | +23.42% | 0.48 | 1.2 | 2,360.4/sq mi (911.4/km2) | 1893 |
Baker City † | Baker | 10,099 | 9,828 | +2.76% | 7.16 | 18.5 | 1,410.5/sq mi (544.6/km2) | 1874 |
Bandon | Coos | 3,321 | 3,066 | +8.32% | 2.77 | 7.2 | 1,198.9/sq mi (462.9/km2) | 1891 |
Banks | Washington | 1,837 | 1,777 | +3.38% | 0.76 | 2.0 | 2,417.1/sq mi (933.2/km2) | 1921 |
Barlow | Clackamas | 133 | 135 | −1.48% | 0.05 | 0.13 | 2,660.0/sq mi (1,027.0/km2) | 1903 |
Bay City | Tillamook | 1,389 | 1,286 | +8.01% | 1.26 | 3.3 | 1,102.4/sq mi (425.6/km2) | 1910 |
Beaverton | Washington | 97,494 | 89,803 | +8.56% | 19.60 | 50.8 | 4,974.2/sq mi (1,920.5/km2) | 1893 |
Bend † | Deschutes | 99,178 | 76,639 | +29.41% | 33.62 | 87.1 | 2,950.0/sq mi (1,139.0/km2) | 1905 |
Boardman | Morrow | 3,828 | 3,220 | +18.88% | 4.03 | 10.4 | 949.9/sq mi (366.7/km2) | 1927 |
Bonanza | Klamath | 404 | 415 | −2.65% | 0.82 | 2.1 | 492.7/sq mi (190.2/km2) | 1901 |
Brookings | Curry | 6,744 | 6,336 | +6.44% | 4.15 | 10.7 | 1,625.1/sq mi (627.4/km2) | 1951 |
Brownsville | Linn | 1,694 | 1,668 | +1.56% | 1.36 | 3.5 | 1,245.6/sq mi (480.9/km2) | 1876 |
Burns † | Harney | 2,730 | 2,806 | −2.71% | 3.55 | 9.2 | 769.0/sq mi (296.9/km2) | 1891 |
Butte Falls | Jackson | 443 | 423 | +4.73% | 0.43 | 1.1 | 1,030.2/sq mi (397.8/km2) | 1911 |
Canby | Clackamas | 18,171 | 15,829 | +14.80% | 4.69 | 12.1 | 3,874.4/sq mi (1,495.9/km2) | 1893 |
Cannon Beach | Clatsop | 1,489 | 1,690 | −11.89% | 1.57 | 4.1 | 948.4/sq mi (366.2/km2) | 1956 |
Canyon City † | Grant | 660 | 703 | −6.12% | 1.41 | 3.7 | 468.1/sq mi (180.7/km2) | 1864 |
Canyonville | Douglas | 1,640 | 1,884 | −12.95% | 1.06 | 2.7 | 1,547.2/sq mi (597.4/km2) | 1901 |
Carlton | Yamhill | 2,220 | 2,007 | +10.61% | 0.88 | 2.3 | 2,522.7/sq mi (974.0/km2) | 1899 |
Cascade Locks | Hood River | 1,379 | 1,144 | +20.54% | 2.08 | 5.4 | 663.0/sq mi (256.0/km2) | 1935 |
Cave Junction | Josephine | 2,071 | 1,883 | +9.98% | 1.81 | 4.7 | 1,144.2/sq mi (441.8/km2) | 1948 |
Central Point | Jackson | 18,997 | 17,169 | +10.65% | 3.93 | 10.2 | 4,833.8/sq mi (1,866.4/km2) | 1889 |
Chiloquin | Klamath | 767 | 734 | +4.50% | 0.82 | 2.1 | 935.4/sq mi (361.1/km2) | 1926 |
Clatskanie | Columbia | 1,716 | 1,737 | −1.21% | 1.30 | 3.4 | 1,320.0/sq mi (509.7/km2) | 1891 |
Coburg | Lane | 1,306 | 1,035 | +26.18% | 1.03 | 2.7 | 1,268.0/sq mi (489.6/km2) | 1893 |
Columbia City | Columbia | 1,949 | 1,946 | +0.15% | 0.79 | 2.0 | 2,467.1/sq mi (952.5/km2) | 1926 |
Condon † | Gilliam | 711 | 682 | +4.25% | 0.82 | 2.1 | 867.1/sq mi (334.8/km2) | 1893 |
Coos Bay | Coos | 15,985 | 15,967 | +0.11% | 10.63 | 27.5 | 1,503.8/sq mi (580.6/km2) | 1874 |
Coquille † | Coos | 4,015 | 3,866 | +3.85% | 2.76 | 7.1 | 1,454.7/sq mi (561.7/km2) | 1885 |
Cornelius | Washington | 12,694 | 11,869 | +6.95% | 2.34 | 6.1 | 5,424.8/sq mi (2,094.5/km2) | 1893 |
Corvallis † | Benton | 59,922 | 54,462 | +10.03% | 14.27 | 37.0 | 4,199.2/sq mi (1,621.3/km2) | 1857 |
Cottage Grove | Lane | 10,574 | 9,686 | +9.17% | 3.86 | 10.0 | 2,739.4/sq mi (1,057.7/km2) | 1887 |
Cove | Union | 620 | 552 | +12.32% | 0.80 | 2.1 | 775.0/sq mi (299.2/km2) | 1904 |
Creswell | Lane | 5,641 | 5,031 | +12.12% | 1.71 | 4.4 | 3,298.8/sq mi (1,273.7/km2) | 1909 |
Culver | Jefferson | 1,602 | 1,357 | +18.05% | 0.70 | 1.8 | 2,288.6/sq mi (883.6/km2) | 1946 |
Dallas † | Polk | 16,854 | 14,583 | +15.57% | 4.91 | 12.7 | 3,432.6/sq mi (1,325.3/km2) | 1874 |
Dayton | Yamhill | 2,678 | 2,534 | +5.68% | 0.84 | 2.2 | 3,188.1/sq mi (1,230.9/km2) | 1880 |
Dayville | Grant | 132 | 149 | −11.41% | 0.53 | 1.4 | 249.1/sq mi (96.2/km2) | 1914 |
Depoe Bay | Lincoln | 1,515 | 1,398 | +8.37% | 1.81 | 4.7 | 837.0/sq mi (323.2/km2) | 1973 |
Detroit | Marion | 203 | 202 | +0.50% | 0.59 | 1.5 | 344.1/sq mi (132.8/km2) | 1952 |
Donald | Marion | 1,009 | 979 | +3.06% | 0.28 | 0.73 | 3,603.6/sq mi (1,391.3/km2) | 1912 |
Drain | Douglas | 1,172 | 1,151 | +1.82% | 0.63 | 1.6 | 1,860.3/sq mi (718.3/km2) | 1887 |
Dufur | Wasco | 632 | 604 | +4.64% | 0.59 | 1.5 | 1,071.2/sq mi (413.6/km2) | 1893 |
Dundee | Yamhill | 3,238 | 3,162 | +2.40% | 1.34 | 3.5 | 2,416.4/sq mi (933.0/km2) | 1895 |
Dunes City | Lane | 1,428 | 1,303 | +9.59% | 2.69 | 7.0 | 530.9/sq mi (205.0/km2) | 1963 |
Durham | Washington | 1,944 | 1,351 | +43.89% | 0.41 | 1.1 | 4,741.5/sq mi (1,830.7/km2) | 1966 |
Eagle Point | Jackson | 9,686 | 8,469 | +14.37% | 2.97 | 7.7 | 3,261.3/sq mi (1,259.2/km2) | 1911 |
Echo | Umatilla | 632 | 699 | −9.59% | 0.58 | 1.5 | 1,089.7/sq mi (420.7/km2) | 1904 |
Elgin | Union | 1,717 | 1,711 | +0.35% | 1.01 | 2.6 | 1,700.0/sq mi (656.4/km2) | 1891 |
Elkton | Douglas | 183 | 195 | −6.15% | 0.23 | 0.60 | 795.7/sq mi (307.2/km2) | 1948 |
Enterprise † | Wallowa | 2,052 | 1,940 | +5.77% | 1.47 | 3.8 | 1,395.9/sq mi (539.0/km2) | 1889 |
Estacada | Clackamas | 4,356 | 2,695 | +61.63% | 2.27 | 5.9 | 1,918.9/sq mi (740.9/km2) | 1905 |
Eugene † | Lane | 176,654 | 156,185 | +13.11% | 44.18 | 114.4 | 3,998.5/sq mi (1,543.8/km2) | 1862 |
Fairview | Multnomah | 10,424 | 8,920 | +16.86% | 3.09 | 8.0 | 3,373.5/sq mi (1,302.5/km2) | 1908 |
Falls City | Polk | 1,051 | 947 | +10.98% | 1.20 | 3.1 | 875.8/sq mi (338.2/km2) | 1893 |
Florence | Lane | 9,396 | 8,466 | +10.99% | 5.42 | 14.0 | 1,733.6/sq mi (669.3/km2) | 1893 |
Forest Grove | Washington | 26,225 | 21,083 | +24.39% | 5.83 | 15.1 | 4,498.3/sq mi (1,736.8/km2) | 1872 |
Fossil † | Wheeler | 447 | 473 | −5.50% | 0.78 | 2.0 | 573.1/sq mi (221.3/km2) | 1891 |
Garibaldi | Tillamook | 830 | 779 | +6.55% | 0.99 | 2.6 | 838.4/sq mi (323.7/km2) | 1946 |
Gaston | Washington, Yamhill |
676 | 637 | +6.12% | 0.34 | 0.88 | 1,988.2/sq mi (767.7/km2) | 1911 |
Gates | Marion, Linn |
548 | 471 | +16.35% | 0.65 | 1.7 | 843.1/sq mi (325.5/km2) | 1950 |
Gearhart | Clatsop | 1,793 | 1,462 | +22.64% | 1.85 | 4.8 | 969.2/sq mi (374.2/km2) | 1918 |
Gervais | Marion | 2,595 | 2,464 | +5.32% | 0.41 | 1.1 | 6,329.3/sq mi (2,443.7/km2) | 1874 |
Gladstone | Clackamas | 12,017 | 11,497 | +4.52% | 2.40 | 6.2 | 5,007.1/sq mi (1,933.2/km2) | 1911 |
Glendale | Douglas | 858 | 874 | −1.83% | 0.39 | 1.0 | 2,200.0/sq mi (849.4/km2) | 1901 |
Gold Beach † | Curry | 2,341 | 2,253 | +3.91% | 2.53 | 6.6 | 925.3/sq mi (357.3/km2) | 1945 |
Gold Hill | Jackson | 1,335 | 1,220 | +9.43% | 0.76 | 2.0 | 1,756.6/sq mi (678.2/km2) | 1895 |
Granite | Grant | 32 | 38 | −15.79% | 0.37 | 0.96 | 86.5/sq mi (33.4/km2) | 1901 |
Grants Pass † | Josephine | 39,189 | 34,533 | +13.48% | 11.52 | 29.8 | 3,401.8/sq mi (1,313.5/km2) | 1887 |
Grass Valley | Sherman | 149 | 164 | −9.15% | 0.51 | 1.3 | 292.2/sq mi (112.8/km2) | 1901 |
Greenhorn | Baker, Grant |
3 | 0 | NA | 0.09 | 0.23 | 33.3/sq mi (12.9/km2) | 1903 |
Gresham | Multnomah | 114,247 | 105,594 | +8.19% | 23.47 | 60.8 | 4,867.8/sq mi (1,879.5/km2) | 1904 |
Haines | Baker | 373 | 416 | −10.34% | 0.76 | 2.0 | 490.8/sq mi (189.5/km2) | 1909 |
Halfway | Baker | 351 | 288 | +21.88% | 0.37 | 0.96 | 948.6/sq mi (366.3/km2) | 1909 |
Halsey | Linn | 962 | 904 | +6.42% | 0.56 | 1.5 | 1,717.9/sq mi (663.3/km2) | 1876 |
Happy Valley | Clackamas | 23,733 | 13,903 | +70.70% | 11.58 | 30.0 | 2,049.5/sq mi (791.3/km2) | 1965 |
Harrisburg | Linn | 3,652 | 3,567 | +2.38% | 1.40 | 3.6 | 2,608.6/sq mi (1,007.2/km2) | 1866 |
Helix | Umatilla | 194 | 184 | +5.43% | 0.13 | 0.34 | 1,492.3/sq mi (576.2/km2) | 1903 |
Heppner † | Morrow | 1,187 | 1,291 | −8.06% | 1.23 | 3.2 | 965.0/sq mi (372.6/km2) | 1887 |
Hermiston | Umatilla | 19,354 | 16,745 | +15.58% | 8.28 | 21.4 | 2,337.4/sq mi (902.5/km2) | 1907 |
Hillsboro † | Washington | 106,447 | 91,611 | +16.19% | 25.67 | 66.5 | 4,146.7/sq mi (1,601.1/km2) | 1876 |
Hines | Harney | 1,645 | 1,563 | +5.25% | 2.06 | 5.3 | 798.5/sq mi (308.3/km2) | 1930 |
Hood River † | Hood River | 8,313 | 7,167 | +15.99% | 2.60 | 6.7 | 3,197.3/sq mi (1,234.5/km2) | 1901 |
Hubbard | Marion | 3,426 | 3,173 | +7.97% | 0.71 | 1.8 | 4,825.4/sq mi (1,863.1/km2) | 1891 |
Huntington | Baker | 502 | 440 | +14.09% | 0.74 | 1.9 | 678.4/sq mi (261.9/km2) | 1891 |
Idanha | Marion, Linn |
156 | 134 | +16.42% | 0.74 | 1.9 | 210.8/sq mi (81.4/km2) | 1949 |
Imbler | Union | 245 | 306 | −19.93% | 0.22 | 0.57 | 1,113.6/sq mi (430.0/km2) | 1922 |
Independence | Polk | 9,828 | 8,590 | +14.41% | 2.98 | 7.7 | 3,298.0/sq mi (1,273.4/km2) | 1874 |
Ione | Morrow | 337 | 329 | +2.43% | 0.76 | 2.0 | 443.4/sq mi (171.2/km2) | 1903 |
Irrigon | Morrow | 2,011 | 1,826 | +10.13% | 1.30 | 3.4 | 1,546.9/sq mi (597.3/km2) | 1957 |
Island City | Union | 1,144 | 989 | +15.67% | 0.98 | 2.5 | 1,167.3/sq mi (450.7/km2) | 1904 |
Jacksonville | Jackson | 3,020 | 2,785 | +8.44% | 1.89 | 4.9 | 1,597.9/sq mi (616.9/km2) | 1860 |
Jefferson | Marion | 3,327 | 3,098 | +7.39% | 0.86 | 2.2 | 3,868.6/sq mi (1,493.7/km2) | 1870 |
John Day | Grant | 1,664 | 1,744 | −4.59% | 2.26 | 5.9 | 736.3/sq mi (284.3/km2) | 1901 |
Johnson City | Clackamas | 539 | 566 | −4.77% | 0.07 | 0.18 | 7,700.0/sq mi (2,973.0/km2) | 1970 |
Jordan Valley | Malheur | 130 | 181 | −28.18% | 2.08 | 5.4 | 62.5/sq mi (24.1/km2) | 1911 |
Joseph | Wallowa | 1,154 | 1,081 | +6.75% | 0.91 | 2.4 | 1,268.1/sq mi (489.6/km2) | 1887 |
Junction City | Lane | 6,787 | 5,392 | +25.87% | 3.29 | 8.5 | 2,062.9/sq mi (796.5/km2) | 1872 |
Keizer | Marion | 39,376 | 36,478 | +7.94% | 7.19 | 18.6 | 5,476.5/sq mi (2,114.5/km2) | 1983 |
King City | Washington | 5,184 | 3,111 | +66.63% | 0.81 | 2.1 | 6,400.0/sq mi (2,471.1/km2) | 1966 |
Klamath Falls † | Klamath | 21,813 | 20,840 | +4.67% | 20.14 | 52.2 | 1,083.1/sq mi (418.2/km2) | 1893 |
La Grande † | Union | 13,026 | 13,082 | −0.43% | 4.58 | 11.9 | 2,844.1/sq mi (1,098.1/km2) | 1865 |
La Pine | Deschutes | 2,512 | 1,653 | +51.97% | 7.14 | 18.5 | 351.8/sq mi (135.8/km2) | 2006[10] |
Lafayette | Yamhill | 4,423 | 3,742 | +18.20% | 0.86 | 2.2 | 5,143.0/sq mi (1,985.7/km2) | 1878 |
Lake Oswego | Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington |
40,732 | 36,619 | +11.23% | 10.78 | 27.9 | 3,778.5/sq mi (1,458.9/km2) | 1910 |
Lakeside | Coos | 1,904 | 1,699 | +12.07% | 2.00 | 5.2 | 952.0/sq mi (367.6/km2) | 1974 |
Lakeview † | Lake | 2,418 | 2,294 | +5.41% | 2.43 | 6.3 | 995.1/sq mi (384.2/km2) | 1889 |
Lebanon | Linn | 18,447 | 15,518 | +18.87% | 7.01 | 18.2 | 2,631.5/sq mi (1,016.0/km2) | 1878 |
Lexington | Morrow | 238 | 238 | 0.00% | 0.44 | 1.1 | 540.9/sq mi (208.8/km2) | 1903 |
Lincoln City | Lincoln | 9,815 | 7,930 | +23.77% | 6.05 | 15.7 | 1,622.3/sq mi (626.4/km2) | 1965 |
Lonerock | Gilliam | 25 | 21 | +19.05% | 1.01 | 2.6 | 24.8/sq mi (9.6/km2) | 1901 |
Long Creek | Grant | 173 | 197 | −12.18% | 1.02 | 2.6 | 169.6/sq mi (65.5/km2) | 1891 |
Lostine | Wallowa | 241 | 213 | +13.15% | 0.29 | 0.75 | 831.0/sq mi (320.9/km2) | 1903 |
Lowell | Lane | 1,196 | 1,045 | +14.45% | 0.87 | 2.3 | 1,374.7/sq mi (530.8/km2) | 1954 |
Lyons | Linn | 1,202 | 1,161 | +3.53% | 0.87 | 2.3 | 1,381.6/sq mi (533.4/km2) | 1958 |
Madras † | Jefferson | 7,456 | 6,046 | +23.32% | 8.16 | 21.1 | 913.7/sq mi (352.8/km2) | 1910 |
Malin | Klamath | 731 | 805 | −9.19% | 0.50 | 1.3 | 1,462.0/sq mi (564.5/km2) | 1922 |
Manzanita | Tillamook | 603 | 598 | +0.84% | 0.82 | 2.1 | 735.4/sq mi (283.9/km2) | 1946 |
Maupin | Wasco | 427 | 418 | +2.15% | 1.40 | 3.6 | 305.0/sq mi (117.8/km2) | 1922 |
Maywood Park | Multnomah | 829 | 752 | +10.24% | 0.17 | 0.44 | 4,876.5/sq mi (1,882.8/km2) | 1967 |
McMinnville † | Yamhill | 34,319 | 32,187 | +6.62% | 10.58 | 27.4 | 3,243.8/sq mi (1,252.4/km2) | 1876 |
Medford † | Jackson | 85,824 | 74,907 | +14.57% | 25.89 | 67.1 | 3,314.9/sq mi (1,279.9/km2) | 1885 |
Merrill | Klamath | 821 | 844 | −2.73% | 0.46 | 1.2 | 1,784.8/sq mi (689.1/km2) | 1903 |
Metolius | Jefferson | 978 | 710 | +37.75% | 0.48 | 1.2 | 2,037.5/sq mi (786.7/km2) | 1913 |
Mill City | Marion, Linn |
1,971 | 1,855 | +6.25% | 0.86 | 2.2 | 2,291.9/sq mi (884.9/km2) | 1947 |
Millersburg | Linn | 2,919 | 1,329 | +119.64% | 4.46 | 11.6 | 654.5/sq mi (252.7/km2) | 1974 |
Milton-Freewater | Umatilla | 7,151 | 7,050 | +1.43% | 2.03 | 5.3 | 3,522.7/sq mi (1,360.1/km2) | 1950 |
Milwaukie | Clackamas, Multnomah |
21,119 | 20,291 | +4.08% | 4.98 | 12.9 | 4,240.8/sq mi (1,637.4/km2) | 1903 |
Mitchell | Wheeler | 138 | 130 | +6.15% | 1.28 | 3.3 | 107.8/sq mi (41.6/km2) | 1891 |
Molalla | Clackamas | 10,228 | 8,108 | +26.15% | 2.42 | 6.3 | 4,226.4/sq mi (1,631.8/km2) | 1913 |
Monmouth | Polk | 11,100 | 9,534 | +16.43% | 2.17 | 5.6 | 5,115.2/sq mi (1,975.0/km2) | 1859 |
Monroe | Benton | 647 | 617 | +4.86% | 0.51 | 1.3 | 1,268.6/sq mi (489.8/km2) | 1914 |
Monument | Grant | 115 | 128 | −10.16% | 0.51 | 1.3 | 225.5/sq mi (87.1/km2) | 1905 |
Moro † | Sherman | 367 | 324 | +13.27% | 0.50 | 1.3 | 734.0/sq mi (283.4/km2) | 1899 |
Mosier | Wasco | 468 | 433 | +8.08% | 0.46 | 1.2 | 1,017.4/sq mi (392.8/km2) | 1914 |
Mount Vernon | Grant | 548 | 527 | +3.98% | 0.68 | 1.8 | 805.9/sq mi (311.2/km2) | 1948 |
Mt. Angel | Marion | 3,392 | 3,286 | +3.23% | 1.14 | 3.0 | 2,975.4/sq mi (1,148.8/km2) | 1893 |
Myrtle Creek | Douglas | 3,481 | 3,439 | +1.22% | 2.50 | 6.5 | 1,392.4/sq mi (537.6/km2) | 1893 |
Myrtle Point | Coos | 2,475 | 2,514 | −1.55% | 1.61 | 4.2 | 1,537.3/sq mi (593.5/km2) | 1887 |
Nehalem | Tillamook | 270 | 271 | −0.37% | 0.27 | 0.70 | 1,000.0/sq mi (386.1/km2) | 1899 |
Newberg | Yamhill | 25,138 | 22,068 | +13.91% | 5.91 | 15.3 | 4,253.5/sq mi (1,642.3/km2) | 1889 |
Newport † | Lincoln | 10,256 | 9,989 | +2.67% | 9.98 | 25.8 | 1,027.7/sq mi (396.8/km2) | 1882 |
North Bend | Coos | 10,317 | 9,695 | +6.42% | 3.93 | 10.2 | 2,625.2/sq mi (1,013.6/km2) | 1903 |
North Plains | Washington | 3,441 | 1,947 | +76.73% | 1.09 | 2.8 | 3,156.9/sq mi (1,218.9/km2) | 1963 |
North Powder | Union | 504 | 439 | +14.81% | 0.63 | 1.6 | 800.0/sq mi (308.9/km2) | 1903 |
Nyssa | Malheur | 3,198 | 3,267 | −2.11% | 1.55 | 4.0 | 2,063.2/sq mi (796.6/km2) | 1903 |
Oakland | Douglas | 934 | 927 | +0.76% | 0.73 | 1.9 | 1,279.5/sq mi (494.0/km2) | 1878 |
Oakridge | Lane | 3,206 | 3,205 | +0.03% | 2.16 | 5.6 | 1,484.3/sq mi (573.1/km2) | 1935 |
Ontario | Malheur | 11,645 | 11,366 | +2.45% | 5.17 | 13.4 | 2,252.4/sq mi (869.7/km2) | 1899 |
Oregon City † | Clackamas | 37,572 | 31,859 | +17.93% | 10.05 | 26.0 | 3,738.5/sq mi (1,443.4/km2) | 1844 |
Paisley | Lake | 250 | 243 | +2.88% | 0.43 | 1.1 | 581.4/sq mi (224.5/km2) | 1911 |
Pendleton † | Umatilla | 17,107 | 16,612 | +2.98% | 11.44 | 29.6 | 1,495.4/sq mi (577.4/km2) | 1880 |
Philomath | Benton | 5,350 | 4,584 | +16.71% | 2.02 | 5.2 | 2,648.5/sq mi (1,022.6/km2) | 1882 |
Phoenix | Jackson | 4,475 | 4,538 | −1.39% | 1.43 | 3.7 | 3,129.4/sq mi (1,208.3/km2) | 1910 |
Pilot Rock | Umatilla | 1,328 | 1,502 | −11.58% | 1.45 | 3.8 | 915.9/sq mi (353.6/km2) | 1911 |
Port Orford | Curry | 1,146 | 1,133 | +1.15% | 1.56 | 4.0 | 734.6/sq mi (283.6/km2) | 1935 |
Portland † | Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas |
652,503 | 583,776 | +11.77% | 133.45 | 345.6 | 4,889.5/sq mi (1,887.8/km2) | 1851 |
Powers | Coos | 710 | 689 | +3.05% | 0.58 | 1.5 | 1,224.1/sq mi (472.6/km2) | 1945 |
Prairie City | Grant | 841 | 909 | −7.48% | 0.99 | 2.6 | 849.5/sq mi (328.0/km2) | 1891 |
Prescott | Columbia | 82 | 55 | +49.09% | 0.07 | 0.18 | 1,171.4/sq mi (452.3/km2) | 1947 |
Prineville † | Crook | 10,736 | 9,253 | +16.03% | 12.83 | 33.2 | 836.8/sq mi (323.1/km2) | 1880 |
Rainier | Columbia | 1,911 | 1,895 | +0.84% | 4.08 | 10.6 | 468.4/sq mi (180.8/km2) | 1885 |
Redmond | Deschutes | 33,274 | 26,215 | +26.93% | 18.26 | 47.3 | 1,822.2/sq mi (703.6/km2) | 1910 |
Reedsport | Douglas | 4,310 | 4,154 | +3.76% | 2.07 | 5.4 | 2,082.1/sq mi (803.9/km2) | 1919 |
Richland | Baker | 165 | 156 | +5.77% | 0.11 | 0.28 | 1,500.0/sq mi (579.2/km2) | 1917 |
Riddle | Douglas | 1,214 | 1,185 | +2.45% | 0.64 | 1.7 | 1,896.9/sq mi (732.4/km2) | 1893 |
Rivergrove | Clackamas, Washington |
545 | 289 | +88.58% | 0.17 | 0.44 | 3,205.9/sq mi (1,237.8/km2) | 1971 |
Rockaway Beach | Tillamook | 1,441 | 1,312 | +9.83% | 1.60 | 4.1 | 900.6/sq mi (347.7/km2) | 1942 |
Rogue River | Jackson | 2,407 | 2,131 | +12.95% | 0.97 | 2.5 | 2,481.4/sq mi (958.1/km2) | 1912 |
Roseburg † | Douglas | 23,683 | 21,181 | +11.81% | 10.72 | 27.8 | 2,209.2/sq mi (853.0/km2) | 1868 |
Rufus | Sherman | 268 | 249 | +7.63% | 1.18 | 3.1 | 227.1/sq mi (87.7/km2) | 1965 |
Salem ‡ | Marion, Polk |
175,535 | 154,637 | +13.51% | 48.80 | 126.4 | 3,597.0/sq mi (1,388.8/km2) | 1857 |
Sandy | Clackamas | 12,612 | 9,570 | +31.79% | 3.57 | 9.2 | 3,532.8/sq mi (1,364.0/km2) | 1911 |
Scappoose | Columbia | 8,010 | 6,592 | +21.51% | 3.43 | 8.9 | 2,335.3/sq mi (901.7/km2) | 1921 |
Scio | Linn | 956 | 838 | +14.08% | 0.41 | 1.1 | 2,331.7/sq mi (900.3/km2) | 1866 |
Scotts Mills | Marion | 419 | 357 | +17.37% | 0.36 | 0.93 | 1,163.9/sq mi (449.4/km2) | 1916 |
Seaside | Clatsop | 7,115 | 6,457 | +10.19% | 3.89 | 10.1 | 1,829.0/sq mi (706.2/km2) | 1899 |
Seneca | Grant | 165 | 199 | −17.09% | 0.80 | 2.1 | 206.3/sq mi (79.6/km2) | 1970 |
Shady Cove | Jackson | 3,081 | 2,904 | +6.10% | 1.95 | 5.1 | 1,580.0/sq mi (610.0/km2) | 1972 |
Shaniko | Wasco | 30 | 36 | −16.67% | 0.50 | 1.3 | 60.0/sq mi (23.2/km2) | 1901 |
Sheridan | Yamhill | 6,233 | 6,127 | +1.73% | 2.10 | 5.4 | 2,968.1/sq mi (1,146.0/km2) | 1880 |
Sherwood | Washington | 20,450 | 18,194 | +12.40% | 4.83 | 12.5 | 4,234.0/sq mi (1,634.7/km2) | 1893 |
Siletz | Lincoln | 1,230 | 1,212 | +1.49% | 0.63 | 1.6 | 1,952.4/sq mi (753.8/km2) | 1946 |
Silverton | Marion | 10,484 | 9,222 | +13.68% | 3.51 | 9.1 | 2,986.9/sq mi (1,153.2/km2) | 1885 |
Sisters | Deschutes | 3,064 | 2,038 | +50.34% | 1.93 | 5.0 | 1,587.6/sq mi (613.0/km2) | 1946 |
Sodaville | Linn | 360 | 308 | +16.88% | 0.31 | 0.80 | 1,161.3/sq mi (448.4/km2) | 1880 |
Spray | Wheeler | 139 | 160 | −13.12% | 0.29 | 0.75 | 479.3/sq mi (185.1/km2) | 1958 |
Springfield | Lane | 61,851 | 59,403 | +4.12% | 15.85 | 41.1 | 3,902.3/sq mi (1,506.7/km2) | 1885 |
St. Helens † | Columbia | 13,817 | 12,883 | +7.25% | 4.82 | 12.5 | 2,866.6/sq mi (1,106.8/km2) | 1889 |
St. Paul | Marion | 434 | 421 | +3.09% | 0.29 | 0.75 | 1,496.6/sq mi (577.8/km2) | 1901 |
Stanfield | Umatilla | 2,144 | 2,043 | +4.94% | 1.51 | 3.9 | 1,419.9/sq mi (548.2/km2) | 1910 |
Stayton | Marion | 8,244 | 7,644 | +7.85% | 3.08 | 8.0 | 2,676.6/sq mi (1,033.5/km2) | 1901 |
Sublimity | Marion | 2,967 | 2,681 | +10.67% | 0.94 | 2.4 | 3,156.4/sq mi (1,218.7/km2) | 1903 |
Summerville | Union | 119 | 135 | −11.85% | 0.26 | 0.67 | 457.7/sq mi (176.7/km2) | 1885 |
Sumpter | Baker | 204 | 204 | 0.00% | 2.18 | 5.6 | 93.6/sq mi (36.1/km2) | 1901 |
Sutherlin | Douglas | 8,524 | 7,810 | +9.14% | 6.47 | 16.8 | 1,317.5/sq mi (508.7/km2) | 1911 |
Sweet Home | Linn | 9,828 | 8,925 | +10.12% | 5.30 | 13.7 | 1,854.3/sq mi (716.0/km2) | 1893 |
Talent | Jackson | 6,282 | 6,066 | +3.56% | 1.33 | 3.4 | 4,723.3/sq mi (1,823.7/km2) | 1910 |
Tangent | Linn | 1,231 | 1,164 | +5.76% | 3.78 | 9.8 | 325.7/sq mi (125.7/km2) | 1893 |
The Dalles † | Wasco | 16,010 | 13,620 | +17.55% | 6.66 | 17.2 | 2,403.9/sq mi (928.2/km2) | 1857 |
Tigard | Washington | 54,539 | 48,035 | +13.54% | 12.67 | 32.8 | 4,304.6/sq mi (1,662.0/km2) | 1961 |
Tillamook † | Tillamook | 5,204 | 4,935 | +5.45% | 1.90 | 4.9 | 2,738.9/sq mi (1,057.5/km2) | 1891 |
Toledo | Lincoln | 3,546 | 3,465 | +2.34% | 2.15 | 5.6 | 1,649.3/sq mi (636.8/km2) | 1905 |
Troutdale | Multnomah | 16,300 | 15,962 | +2.12% | 5.95 | 15.4 | 2,739.5/sq mi (1,057.7/km2) | 1907 |
Tualatin | Washington, Clackamas |
27,942 | 26,054 | +7.25% | 8.28 | 21.4 | 3,374.6/sq mi (1,303.0/km2) | 1913 |
Turner | Marion | 2,454 | 1,854 | +32.36% | 1.43 | 3.7 | 1,716.1/sq mi (662.6/km2) | 1905 |
Ukiah | Umatilla | 159 | 186 | −14.52% | 0.24 | 0.62 | 662.5/sq mi (255.8/km2) | 1969 |
Umatilla | Umatilla | 7,363 | 6,906 | +6.62% | 4.91 | 12.7 | 1,499.6/sq mi (579.0/km2) | 1864 |
Union | Union | 2,152 | 2,121 | +1.46% | 2.49 | 6.4 | 864.3/sq mi (333.7/km2) | 1878 |
Unity | Baker | 40 | 71 | −43.66% | 0.64 | 1.7 | 62.5/sq mi (24.1/km2) | 1972 |
Vale † | Malheur | 1,894 | 1,874 | +1.07% | 1.14 | 3.0 | 1,661.4/sq mi (641.5/km2) | 1889 |
Veneta | Lane | 5,214 | 4,561 | +14.32% | 2.57 | 6.7 | 2,028.8/sq mi (783.3/km2) | 1962 |
Vernonia | Columbia | 2,374 | 2,151 | +10.37% | 1.64 | 4.2 | 1,447.6/sq mi (558.9/km2) | 1891 |
Waldport | Lincoln | 2,249 | 2,033 | +10.62% | 2.72 | 7.0 | 826.8/sq mi (319.2/km2) | 1911 |
Wallowa | Wallowa | 796 | 808 | −1.49% | 0.61 | 1.6 | 1,304.9/sq mi (503.8/km2) | 1899 |
Warrenton | Clatsop | 6,277 | 4,989 | +25.82% | 12.66 | 32.8 | 495.8/sq mi (191.4/km2) | 1899 |
Wasco | Sherman | 417 | 410 | +1.71% | 1.01 | 2.6 | 412.9/sq mi (159.4/km2) | 1901 |
Waterloo | Linn | 222 | 229 | −3.06% | 0.12 | 0.31 | 1,850.0/sq mi (714.3/km2) | 1893 |
West Linn | Clackamas | 27,373 | 25,109 | +9.02% | 7.43 | 19.2 | 3,684.1/sq mi (1,422.4/km2) | 1913 |
Westfir | Lane | 259 | 253 | +2.37% | 0.31 | 0.80 | 835.5/sq mi (322.6/km2) | 1979 |
Weston | Umatilla | 706 | 667 | +5.85% | 0.68 | 1.8 | 1,038.2/sq mi (400.9/km2) | 1878 |
Wheeler | Tillamook | 422 | 414 | +1.93% | 0.52 | 1.3 | 811.5/sq mi (313.3/km2) | 1914 |
Willamina | Yamhill, Polk |
2,239 | 2,025 | +10.57% | 0.94 | 2.4 | 2,381.9/sq mi (919.7/km2) | 1903 |
Wilsonville | Clackamas, Washington |
26,664 | 19,509 | +36.68% | 7.51 | 19.5 | 3,550.5/sq mi (1,370.8/km2) | 1969 |
Winston | Douglas | 5,625 | 5,379 | +4.57% | 2.76 | 7.1 | 2,038.0/sq mi (786.9/km2) | 1953 |
Wood Village | Multnomah | 4,387 | 3,878 | +13.13% | 0.94 | 2.4 | 4,667.0/sq mi (1,801.9/km2) | 1951 |
Woodburn | Marion | 26,013 | 24,080 | +8.03% | 5.86 | 15.2 | 4,439.1/sq mi (1,713.9/km2) | 1889 |
Yachats | Lincoln | 994 | 690 | +44.06% | 0.91 | 2.4 | 1,092.3/sq mi (421.7/km2) | 1967 |
Yamhill | Yamhill | 1,147 | 1,024 | +12.01% | 0.49 | 1.3 | 2,340.8/sq mi (903.8/km2) | 1891 |
Yoncalla | Douglas | 1,021 | 1,047 | −2.48% | 0.67 | 1.7 | 1,523.9/sq mi (588.4/km2) | 1901 |
Former cities
[edit]Name | County[17] | Incorporated | Disincorporated | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albina | Multnomah | 1887 | 1891 | Annexed by Portland | [19][20] |
Beaver Hill | Coos | 1896 | 1926 | Abandoned after the closure of the Beaver Hill coal mine | [21][22] |
Damascus | Clackamas | 2004 | 2020 | Approved in 2016, confirmed by Oregon Supreme Court in 2020[b] | [23][24] |
East Portland | Multnomah | 1870 | 1891 | Annexed by Portland | [25] |
Freewater | Umatilla | 1902 | 1950 | Consolidated with Milton to form Milton-Freewater | [26][27] |
Glenada | Lane | 1912 | 1922 | Abandoned due to encroaching sand dunes | [28] |
Hammond | Clatsop | 1899 | 1991 | Consolidated into Warrenton | [29][30] |
Juntura | Malheur | 1913 | 1977 | Dissolved and returned city charter to county government | [31] |
Lemati | Lane | 1894 | 1899 | Consolidated into Cottage Grove | [32] |
Linnton | Multnomah | 1910 | 1915 | Annexed by Portland | [20][33] |
Milton | Umatilla | 1886 | 1950 | Consolidated with Freewater to form Milton-Freewater | [27] |
Orenco | Washington | 1913 | 1938 | Later annexed by Hillsboro | [34] |
Rajneeshpuram | Wasco | 1982 | 1985 | Abandoned after sale of the Big Muddy Ranch amid legal disputes with the state government | [35][36] |
St. Johns | Multnomah | 1903 | 1915 | Annexed by Portland | [20][37] |
Sellwood | Multnomah | 1887 | 1893 | Annexed by Portland | [25][20] |
West Salem | Polk | 1913 | 1949 | Consolidated into Salem | [38] |
Willamette | Clackamas | 1908 | 1916 | Annexed by West Linn | [39][40] |
See also
[edit]- List of counties in Oregon
- List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon
- List of census-designated places in Oregon
- List of ghost towns in Oregon
Notes
[edit]- ^ If a municipality spans multiple counties, the counties are listed in the order given by the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) with the primary county first.[17]
- ^ A disincorporation vote was approved by Damascus residents in 2016, but was ruled invalid by the Oregon Court of Appeals in 2019.[23] The Oregon Supreme Court ruled that the measure was valid in 2020, allowing for the disincorporation to be completed.[24]
References
[edit]- ^ Goldberg, Jamie (August 14, 2021). "New census data show where Oregon's population grew fastest in the 2010s". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b c "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. August 12, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b c "Guide to State and Local Census Geography: Oregon" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. October 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b c d "About City Government". Oregon Blue Book. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ "City Populations". Oregon Blue Book. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ Cockle, Richard (June 16, 2008). "Oregon's smallest city a mile high gold rush town". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ "Top Ten Cities Ranked by Selected Population Characteristics". Population Research Center at Portland State University. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b "2020 Gazetteer Files: Oregon places". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ Horton, Kami (December 24, 2024). "Oregon's oldest incorporated city turns 180 years old". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b Siess, Joe (August 7, 2023). "A new city could be formed in eastern Deschutes County". Bend Bulletin. Archived from the original on February 28, 2025. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ "Oregon Municipal Handbook" (PDF). League of Oregon Cities. August 2024. pp. 31, 36. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b "So, You Want to Run for Local Office...A Guide for Prospective City Elected Officials" (PDF). League of Oregon Cities. February 2025. pp. 6–7. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ Zielinski, Alex (July 29, 2024). "Portland is overhauling its voting system and government structure. Here's what you need to know". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ EcoNorthwest (September 2011). Fiscal Challenges for Orgeon's Cities (Report). City of Baker. p. 2. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
- ^ a b c Bradbury, Bill (2005). Oregon Blue Book (2005–2006 ed.). Salem: Oregon Secretary of State. pp. 220–241. ISBN 0-9669719-3-0. ISSN 0196-4577. OCLC 1250670.
- ^ "Incorporated Cities by County". Oregon Blue Book. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
- ^ a b c "Domestic Names Search Application". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey,
United States Board on Geographic Names. September 10, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2025. - ^ Oregon: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing (Report). United States Census Bureau. August 2012. pp. 22–32. Retrieved July 23, 2025.
- ^ Roos, Roy (March 11, 2022). "Albina area (Portland)". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ a b c d Killen, John (May 21, 2015). "Throwback Thursday: Portland's 'Number Man' played key role, but who was he?". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ "State House News Gossip". Oregon Statesman. Salem, Oregon. January 22, 1896. p. 5. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Beaver Hill to Dis-Incorporate". The World. Coos Bay, Oregon. May 28, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Harbarger, Molly (May 1, 2019). "Oregon Court to Damascus: You're a city whether you like it or not". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ a b Keizur, Christopher (September 5, 2020). "Oregon Supreme Court finds Damascus disincorporation valid". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ a b Terry, John (October 21, 2007). "Portland is sum of many parts". The Oregonian. p. D4. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "City History". City of Milton-Freewater. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ a b Foss, Chris (November 22, 2022). "Milton-Freewater". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ Tims, Marvin (October 7, 1962). "Boom Town Now Just a Wide Spot". Eugene Register-Guard. p. 7A. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Forgey, Pat (November 7, 1991). "Warrenton voters back merger issue". The Oregonian. p. B2. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ McArthur, Lewis A.; McArthur, Lewis L. (2003) [1928]. Oregon Geographic Names (7th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. p. 440. ISBN 978-0875952772.
- ^ "Juntura Bails Out Jan. 1". The Oregon Journal. November 9, 1976. p. 8. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Holmes, Kenneth L. (March 20, 1955). "Cottage Grove Feud". Northwest Roto Magazine. The Oregonian. p. 15. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Terry, Josh (October 1, 2011). "Linnton: The little town that tried to best Portland, then joined it". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ Parks, Casey (March 18, 2011). "Orenco balks at talk of sidewalks in historic Hillsboro neighborhood". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ "Guru's followers vote for new city". The Oregon Journal. United Press International. May 19, 1982. p. 34. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Lent, Steve (January 27, 2024). "Rajneeshpuram, cult community created controversy". Central Oregonian. Prineville, Oregon. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ "Mayor of St. Johns: Charles Cook, Telegraph Operator, Is Chosen". The Oregonian. March 17, 1903. p. 14. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Zimmerman, Andy (March 24, 2016). "Heritage: Building a reminder of West Salem as city". Statesman Journal. Salem, Oregon. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
- ^ "Willamette's First Mayor". The Oregonian. March 4, 1908. p. 5. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Merger Election Carries". The Oregonian. February 15, 1916. p. 5. Retrieved July 18, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.