List of Tajik dynasties
The following is a list of Tajik dynasties. It includes states, principalities, empires and dynasties which were founded by rulers or dynasties of Tajik origin, pre-ethnogenesis Tajiks or ethnicities closely associated with Tajiks, will all be included.
Medieval Era (710–1506)
[edit]- Ghurid Dynasty (784 AD - 1215 AD), a Tajik[1][2][3][4][5] dynasty which ruled the region of Ghor, becoming an Empire from 1175 to 1215. They gradually converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The Ghurids eventually overran the Ghaznavids when Muhammad of Ghor seized Lahore and expelled the Ghaznavids from their last stronghold. Eventually they took large parts of India. Despite their short lived empire, their reign certified Islamic rule for India for centuries to come.
- Kart Dynasty (1244 AD - 1381 AD), a Tajik[6][7] dynasty closely related to the Ghurids, ruled a large parts of Khorasan. They were vassals of the Ghurids, Mongols and Timurids at one point of their history. The ruled from their capital at Herat and central Khorasan in the Bamyan.
Early Modern Era (1506–1868)
[edit]- Yarid Dynasty (1657 AD - 1873 AD), a Sunni Tajik dynasty which ruled over the Badakhshan Region, they were subjugated by the Emirate of Afghanistan.
- Darvaz Principality (1638 AD - 1873 AD), a Tajik principality which ruled over the Darwaz Region. It was ruled by a Mir and its capital was at Qal'ai Khumb. They were subjugated by the Bukharian Emirate.[8]
- Kashgar Emirate (1864 AD - 1877 AD), an Islamist Monarchy led by Yakub Beg, a Tajik from Kokand, during the Dungan Revolt.
Modern Era (1868 AD - Present)
[edit]- Saqqawist Emirate of Afghanistan (1929 AD), a short-lived Tajik ruled Emirate established by Habibullāh Kalakāni. The emirate emerged during the Afghan Civil War of 1928–1929, a conflict between Saqqawist forces led by Kalakani and opposing tribes and monarchs within Afghanistan. It was overthrown by Nadir Shah Khan and only lasted 9 months.
- Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929 AD - 1991 AD), one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union created for the Tajiks, it preceded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Uzbek SSR. The Republic was governed by mostly Ethnic Tajiks apart of the Tajik Communist Party. It gained independence after the Soviet Union collapsed and was succeeded by the Republic of Tajikistan.
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992 AD - 2001 AD), a government led by the Tajik Jamiet-e-Islami with Burhānuddīn Rabbānī as its president[9] and Ahmad Shah Massoud as its military leader. It was replaced by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan after the American Invasion of Afghanistan.
- Republic of Tajikistan (1991 AD - Present), a Tajik secular state ruled by Emomali Rahmon, successor of the Tajik SSR.
References
[edit]- ^ Foltz, Richard (2023-06-15). A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7556-4967-9.
- ^ Siddiqi, Iqtidar Husain (2010). Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century. Primus Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-81-908918-0-6.
- ^ König, Daniel G.; Iriye, Akira; Osterhammel, Jürgen (2025-03-04). Entangled Worlds: 600–1350. Harvard University Press. p. 766. ISBN 978-0-674-04718-1.
- ^ Flood, Finbarr Barry (2022-07-12). Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter. Princeton University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-4008-3324-5.
- ^ Thomas, David C. "Ghurid" (PDF).
- ^ Smith, Harvey Henry (1969). Area Handbook for Afghanistan. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 43.
- ^ Byron, Robert (2016-06-27). The Road to Oxiana: New edition linked and annotaded (in Brazilian Portuguese). MarcoPolo. p. 441. ISBN 978-989-8575-68-5.
- ^ Becker, Seymour (2004-08-02). Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-134-33583-1.
- ^ Sprague, Stanley B. (2024-10-24). Afghanistan's Violent Decades: A History, 1978 Through 2021. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4766-9185-5.