Kunne cikap
Kunne cikap (lit. "black bird") is a mythical bird in Ainu tradition.
Description
[edit]According to tradition The kunne cikap (black bird) was the monstrous bird of the Kunne pe (Black River) in the northern parts subjugated by the hero Ponyaunpe, while the hure cicap (red bird) was the monstrous bird of the Hure kenas (Red Forest).[1]
As for the said Black River, there is a village by the name of Kunnai (国縫/クンナイ) in Yamakoshi District, Hokkaido, about which onomastic folklore exists that connects it to the Red Bird (hure),[5] There is also the Kunnai River (国縫川) which flows through the village.[6]
Yaeko Batchelor mentions the Black Bird[s] in a waka (poem) which reads:
"Ainu child, in you lives on the blood you shed, why fear the kunne cicap-po[8] and the rest ウタリの子に 君流せし血 生きてあり などか恐れむクンネチカッポ等"
included in her anthology For the Young Ainu (若きウタリに, Wakaki utari ni) (1931). The bird, here called kunne cicap-po symbolizes false images and evil according to literary commentators.[7] This kunne cicap-po is also explained to be "black birds that flock together and peck at cadavers,.. yōkai birds (yōchō)"[a] in Taijun Takeda's novel Mori to mizuumi no matsuri ("The Festival of the Forest and the Lake", 1957),[9] and such an explanation recurs in commentary on the poem or the poetess by other commentators.[10]
See also
[edit]Explanatory notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Yoshida, Iwao [in Japanese] (October 1914b). "Ainu no yōkai setsuwa (zoku)" アイヌの妖怪説話(続) [Jinruigaku zasshi]. 人類学雑誌 [The journal of the Anthropological Society of Tōkyō]. 29 (10): 407–408!--397–409-->. doi:10.1537/ase1911.2. (snippet@google)
- ^ Nakata, Chiune (1924). "Kunne-nai" クンネナイ. Ainu shinwa アイヌ神話. Hochi Shinbun. p. 116. doi:10.11501/982448.
- ^ Nakajima, Shunzō (1929). "Kaichō shin no fukushū: Sekai sōzōshin no fuyōi, majin domo no chōryō bakko" 怪鳥神の復讐―世界創造神の不用意・魔人どもの跳梁跋扈―. Hoppō bunmei shi wa 北方文明史話. Hokkai Shuppansha. pp. 360–362. ndljp:1444073.
- ^ Ōta, Tamezaburō (1912). "Kunnnui" クンヌイ（国縫）. Teikoku chimei jiten jō-kan 帝國地名辭典 上卷. Sanseido. p. 623. doi:10.11501/1086067.
- ^ Nakata only gives the Ainu name "Kunne-nai" as a "River of darkness",[2] and Nakajima also only gives the Ainu name "Kunne-nai" as "River of darkness" though also mentioning the Japanese village name Kuninui-mura.[3] A geographical dictionary explains that "Kunne-nai" corrupted to the name Kunnnai (国縫).[4]
- ^ Ōta 1912 s.v. "Kunnui kawa クンヌイカワ（国縫川）"
- ^ a b Koyama, Keiichi [in Japanese] (1932). "Kirisuto kyō to waka" 基督敎と和歌. Tanka kōza 短歌講座. Kaizosha. p. 115. ndljp:1260047.
- ^ Transliterated old style as kunne-chikap-po.[7]
- ^ Takeda, Tijun (May 1957). "Mori to mizuumi no matsuri (15) (cont.)" 森と湖のまつり(一五) (續). Sekai 世界 (137). Iwanami Shoten: 270. ndljp:3366693.
クンネチカッポとは、黒い鳥、群り集つて屍の肉をついばむという、おそろしい妖鳥のことであります
/ - ^ e.g., Kisaku Yumoto 湯本喜作, chapter "Yaeko Batchelor"in Ainu no kajin アイヌの歌人, Yōyō sha, 1963. ndljp:1346726.