Karamanzade
Karamanzade | |
|---|---|
| Karamanzade, Καραμανζαντέ | |
 Holy Cross Church | |
  Karamanzade Location in Cyprus | |
| Coordinates: 35°10′31.6″N 33°21′30.8″E / 35.175444°N 33.358556°E | |
| Country |  Cyprus |
| District | Nicosia District |
| Municipality | Nicosia |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 351 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Karamanzade (Armenian: Քարամանզադե; Greek: Καραμανζαντέ; Turkish: Karamanzade) is a neighbourhood, quarter (mahalle) of Nicosia, Cyprus.[1][2] It is named after Karamanzade, one of the generals in the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus in 1570. He was known as Karaman-zade meaning the son of an inhabitant of Karamania.[3]
Location
[edit]Karamanzade is located in the west of Nicosia within the walls, next to Paphos Gate and straddles the Green Line in Nicosia.[1][4]
It is bordered on the north by the quarter of Arab Ahmet, to the east by Iplik Bazar–Korkut Effendi, to the south by Nebethane and Ayios Andreas (former name: Tophane).[5]
Population
[edit]Population according to the Census taken in each year, where the quarter is separately reported. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
| Date | Houses | Tk Cyp | Gk Cyp | other ◊ | Tk Cyp % | other % § | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1572 | 18 | ||||||
| 1612 | 23 | ||||||
| 1672 | 14 | ||||||
| 1831 | 42 | 114 | 26.9% | 73.1% | 156 | ||
| 1881 (male) | 137 | ||||||
| 1881 | 47 | 234 | |||||
| 1891 | 83 | 80 | 334 | 19.3% | 80.7% | 414 | |
| 1901 | 67 | 53 | 339 | 13.5% | 86.5% | 392 | |
| 1911 | 68 | 35 | 298 | 10.5% | 89.5% | 333 | |
| 1921 | 79 | 38 | 495 | 7.1% | 92.9% | 533 | |
| 1931 | 94 | 65 | 708 | 8.4% | 91.6% | 773 | |
| 1946 | 188 | 61 | 124 | 412 | 10.2% | 89.8% | 597 |
| 2006 | 429 | 429 | |||||
| 2011 | 351 | 100% | 0% | 351 |
◊ Principally Armenian
§ All non-Moslem
Note: The 1831 Ottoman census only included males. The figure for males in 1881 is included for comparison.
1960 census report does not include figures for each Quarter.
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History
[edit]Karamanzade is one of the 24 historic quarters within the walls of Nicosia.[2] During the Ottoman period it was counted as an Armenian quarter.[3]
Leontios Machairas (1369-1458) and Georgios Boustronios (1430-1501) record that the Armenian Quarter of Nicosia was located near the gate of St. Dominic (now Paphos Gate) in 15th century, during the Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus.[18] After the Ottoman conquest of Nicosia in 1570, an Ottoman Firman (decree) issued on 15 May 1571, gave what is now the Armenian church to the Armenian community.[19] During Ottoman rule, starting with the 1572 census, there was a quarter recorded as "Ermeniyan Mahalle" (in Turkish), i.e. Armenian Quarter, alongside Karamanzade and the 1831 census it is recorded that one was 100% Armenian and the other 100% moslem.[6][7][8] Nicosia was divided into Mahalles or quarters, each of which was composed of co-religionists concentrated around their place of worship. The Armenians had there own quarter, which was in the western-most part of the city, adjacent to Paphos Gate. Armenians and Turks lived mixed together in Karamanzade - the area next to Paphos gate, each belonging to their own administrative quarter, but inhabiting the same part of the city.[20] This geographical area was in 1831 around 70% Armenian. This is also reflected in the later British census figures for Karamanzade.
After the Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 the Armenian community (most of the population) was expelled from the area.[21]
Landmarks
[edit]The most important buildings in quarter are the Armenian Church of the Holy Mother of God, the Holy Cross church and Dukkanlar Onou Mosque.[3]
Armenian Church
[edit]From 1989, the area has been undergoing restoration as part of the Nicosia Master Plan. In particular, the Armenian Church conservation work started in 2007. The church dates from the 14th century. Originally part of a Benedictine monastery, then a salt store, it was allocated to the Armenians after the Ottoman conquest.[19] Although the plan refers to the Arab Ahmet heighbourhood, the restoration work covers both the Arab Ahmet quarter and the adjacent Karamanzade quarter, where the church is located.[22]
Dukkanlar Onou Mosque
[edit]This was the mosque of the Karamanzade quarter.[3] Originally a Venetian secular building, after the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus, the building was converted to a mosque. The building was renovated by Said Mehmed Agha in 18th century. It had an outsized minaret, but this was demolished in 1952 as it was in a dangerous condition.[23] From 2011, the Evkaf Administration of Cyprus, began restoration of the mosque and a new shorter minaret has been built.[24]
Church of the Holy Cross
[edit]Unlike the above two buildings, the Church of the Holy Cross escaped abandonment during the Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 and the Turkish invasion of 1974. However part of the access was blocked towards Victoria Street.
The original Roman Catholic Holy Cross church was built in 1642 but was replaced in April 1900, partly funded by the Spanish Royal Family and opened again in 1902.[25] The western side of the chapel of 1642 still exists, but the east end was removed to enable the construction of the larger building in 1900.[3]
Paphos Gate opening
[edit]The original Paphos Gate was closed by the British when they made the new opening at the side through the ramparts in 1879.[3] This forms the entrance to the quarter from outside the walled city. The north side of the street is in Karamanzade and the south side in Ayios Andreas (Tophane).
References
[edit]- ^ a b 6th edition of the publication "Statistical Codes of Municipalities, Communities and Quarters of Cyprus" (publ. Statistical Service of Republic of Cyprus, 2010)
- ^ a b Coexistence in the Disappeared Mixed Neighbourhoods of Nicosia by Ahmet An (Paper read at the conference: Nicosia: The Last Divided Capital in Europe, organized by the London Metropolitan University on 20 June 2011)
- ^ a b c d e f "A Description of the Historic Monuments of Cyprus" by George Jeffery, Architect. Publ. Government Printing Office, Nicosia, 1918; pp.33, 48 & 50–55
- ^ Nicosia showing the area within the walls on www.openstreetmap.org retrieved May 2025
- ^ "Quarters of Nicosia" Prepared and published by the Dept. of Lands and Surveys, Cyprus, 1985, Revised 1997. Series DLS30. Scale 1:7500
- ^ a b Η Πρώτη Οθωμανική Απογραφή της Κύπρου 1572 (The First Ottoman Census of Cyprus 1572), by Ioannis P. Theocharides, publ. Nicosia 2021 ISBN 978-9925-581-29-0 ; p. 21
- ^ a b Οι Απογραφές του Κεφαλικόυ Φόρου της Κύπρου των ετών 1612/1613 κai 1672/1673 (The Censuses of the Poll Tax of Cyprus of 1612/1613 and 1672/1673), by Ioannis P. Theocharides, publ. Nicosia 2024, ISBN 978-9925-620-46-3; pp. 7, 191–195
- ^ a b Osmanlı idaresinde Kıbrıs: Nüfusu-arazi dağılımı ve Türk vakıfları(Cyprus under Ottoman rule: Population - land distribution and Turkish foundations), ed. Haci Osman Yildirim, and Vahdettin Atik, published. by Rep.Turkey Ottoman Archives Department, Ankara, Publication No. 43. Date 2000. ISBN 975-19-2592-4
- ^ Census of Cyprus, printed by Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1884
- ^ Census of Cyprus 1891, printed by Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1893
- ^ Census of Cyprus 1901, publ. Government printing office, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1901
- ^ Report and General Abstracts of the Census of Cyprus 1911, publ. Waterlow and Sons Ltd, London, 1912
- ^ Report and General Abstracts of the Census of Cyprus 1921, publ. Waterlow and Sons Ltd, London, 1922.
- ^ Report of the Census of Cyprus 1931, publ. Government printing office, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1932
- ^ Census of Cyprus, published by Government Printing Office, Nicosia, 1949
- ^ "The Population of Cyprus from 1881 to 1946", by D A. Percival, 1947; Census Office, Nicosia, 1947. - quoted in "A History of Cyprus", Vol. 4, by George Hill, 1952, ISBN 0521052629; p. xxi and "Social and Spatial Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict", by J. F. Oswald (dissertation for University of Texas), 2013 - repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstreams/2a1cde91-f78e-4d99-8a6a-e7296e9bf6a1/download (retrieved June 2025); p.578
- ^ Turkish Cypriot census"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) retrieved October 2013 - ^ Article entitled "Εκκλησία Παρθένου Μαρίας" in the "Great Cypriot Encyclopedia". Greek article on the (Armenian) Church of the Virgin Mary - www.polignosi.com - retrieved July 2025
- ^ a b "The Armenian Church and Monastery Restoration Project", by Paolo Vitti, 2014 - www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/cy/ACM-Book-PRINT-FINAL.pdf retrieved June 2025 -pp.5,11
- ^ "Historic Nicosia",Demetrios Michaelides (Ed.), publ. Rimal Publications, Nicosia 2012; ISBN 978-9963-610-44-0; pp. 238, 299, 300
- ^ "Life in the Armenian Quarter". May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ Department of Lands and Surveys Sheet 21 - Plan 46.2.15 - available in print and from: plans.dls.moi.gov.cy/Cadastral_Plans/lefkosia/500/21460215.pdf (retrieved June 2025).
- ^ Gürkan, Haşmet Muzaffer. Dünkü ve Bugünkü Lefkoşa (in Turkish) (3rd ed.). Galeri Kültür. pp. 114–5. ISBN 9963660037.
- ^ "Kuzey Kıbrıs'ın yarısı vakıf malı" (in Turkish). Sabah. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ^ "History of the church". Holy Cross Catholic Church Nicosia. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2016.