Jeongipumsong
| Jeongipumsong | |
|---|---|
 The Jeongipumsong tree | |
 | |
| Native name | 정이품송 |
| Species | Pinus densiflora |
| Location | Boeun County, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea |
| Coordinates | 36°32′16.7″N 127°50′01.6″E / 36.537972°N 127.833778°E |
| Height | 15 m (49 ft) |
Jeongipumsong (Korean: 정이품송; Hanja: 正二品松) is a historically significant Korean pine tree (Pinus koraiensis) located at the foot of the mountain Songnisan in Boeun County, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Estimated to be around 600 years old, the tree is designated Natural Monument of South Korea No. 103 by the South Korean government. Its name translates to "Second Senior Rank Pine Tree", a ministerial title legendarily bestowed upon it by King Sejo of the Joseon dynasty in the 15th century.[1]
Etymology
[edit]The name Jeongipumsong literally translates to "Pine Tree of Second Senior Rank" (正二品松). The title refers to a civil service rank in the traditional Joseon dynasty's official ranking system, which ranged from first to ninth grade, each with junior (jong) and senior (jeong) levels. The tree was conferred the honorary title of Jeongipum, equivalent to a high court rank, in an act of symbolic reverence.[2]
Legend and history
[edit]The fame of the Jeongipumsong is rooted in a legend involving King Sejo (세조; r. 1455–1468), the seventh king of the Joseon dynasty. In 1464, King Sejo was traveling to the famous Beopjusa Temple (법주사), located on Mount Songni, to pray and recuperate from an illness. As the king's ornate royal palanquin, known as a gama (가마), approached the site, its path was blocked by the low-hanging branches of this large pine tree. When his attendants prepared to cut the branches to clear the way, the tree is said to have miraculously lifted its branches on its own, allowing the royal procession to pass underneath without obstruction.[3]
Deeply impressed by this act, which he interpreted as a sign of loyalty from the tree, King Sejo bestowed upon it the court rank of Jeong-i-pum (정2품; 正二品). This was a very high official rank, equivalent to that of a modern-day cabinet minister. The legend continues with the king's return journey. On his way back from the temple, a sudden downpour began, and King Sejo and his entourage took shelter from the rain under the broad canopy of the same tree. In gratitude for its protection, the king was further moved, solidifying the tree's status as a loyal and sentient being.[3][4]
Estimated to be around 600 years old, the tree stands approximately 15 meters (49 feet) tall, with a girth of 4.5 meters (15 feet) measured at breast height.[5][6]
Over the centuries, Jeongipumsong has endured numerous environmental challenges. In 1993, a powerful typhoon accompanied by heavy snowfall caused the breakage of its iconic western branch, altering its renowned symmetrical shape. Subsequent damage from strong winds, snow accumulation, and pine wilt disease has further impacted the tree's structure and health.[7][8]
Jeongipumsong was designated as Natural Monument No. 103 on December 3, 1962, as part of South Korea's efforts to preserve important natural and cultural sites. The tree is managed by the Cultural Heritage Administration, and public access is allowed, although the tree itself is protected by a perimeter to prevent damage.[9] The site is also a destination for ecotourism and educational visits, often included in cultural heritage tours of the region.[10]
Seeds and scions have been collected from the Jeongipumsong. Its direct offspring and clones have been planted at significant locations throughout South Korea, including the Blue House, the Independence Hall of Korea, and various government complexes.[11]
Jeongbuinsong
[edit]About 6 kilometers away from Jeongipumsong, another ancient pine tree called "Jeongbuinsong" was designated as Natural Monument No. 352. It is considered the "wife" of the Jeongipumsong, and ceremonial "weddings" have been held to ritually pollinate the two trees.[12][13]
See also
[edit]- Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea
- Natural Monuments of South Korea
- King Sejo of Joseon
- Pinus densiflora
- Confucianism in Korea
References
[edit]- ^ "Carpenters brew tea from 150-year-old Korean pine trees". The Korea Economic Daily.
- ^ "정이품송 옆에 속리산 행차 세조 어가행렬 조형물". 연합뉴스.
- ^ a b "'판서' 벼슬 받았다는 속리산 '정이품송'…정말일까?". SBS NEWS (in Korean). 26 June 2020.
- ^ "속리산 정이품송, 소나무가 벼슬 받은 사연은?". www.asiae.co.kr (in Korean). 20 January 2014.
- ^ "세조에게 벼슬을 받은 정이품송". ncms.nculture.org (in Korean).
- ^ "보은 속리 정이품송 (報恩 俗離 正二品松)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
- ^ "속리산 '정이품송' 또 다시 대수술". KBS 뉴스 (in Korean).
- ^ "반쪽만 남은 속리산 정이품송…태풍에 꺾인 가지 2개 절단". Yonhapnews Agency.
- ^ "조선 세조 때 '정이품송' 후계 나무 분양한다…분재도 유통". 한겨레 (in Korean). 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Songnisan National Park". Global Alliance of National Parks.
- ^ "신한카드, 천연기념물 정이품송 후계목 지킨다…원스톱 분양". 네이트 뉴스 (in Korean).
- ^ "부부의 연을 맺은 속리산의 '정부인송'". 한국NGO신문.
- ^ "보은 서원리 소나무". 에코타임스.