Ignatievskaya Cave
Игнатиевская пещера | |
 Sim river and cave entry | |
  Location in Russia | |
| Alternative name | Yamazy-Tash |
|---|---|
| Location | on the banks of the Sim River, Sim, Chelyabinsk Oblast |
| Region | Southern Ural Mountains |
| Coordinates | 54°53′57″N 57°46′50″E / 54.89917°N 57.78056°E |
| Type | limestone cave |
| History | |
| Periods | Paleolithic |
Ignatievskaya Cave (Russian: Игнатиевская пещера, also known as Ignatievka Cave and Yamazy-Tash) is a large limestone cave on the banks of the Sim River, a tributary of the Belaya river in the southern Ural Mountains of Russia.[1][2] It is part of the Serpievka group of caves, which are thought to contain the northernmost examples of Paleolithic cave art.
Administratively the area is part of the Katav-Ivanovsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast. It is said to have been named after a resident hermit, named Ignat(ius). The better known Kapova cave is located some 190 km (120 mi) from the Ignatievka cave.
The cave contains microliths, remains of animals and about 160 cave paintings (including that of a mammoth[3]), as well as a stratum of Iron Age settlement.[4] The first paintings were discovered in 1980, including a partial wall painting of a female figure, with the twenty-eight red dots between her legs believed to represent the female menstrual cycle.[5][6]
The cave has been closed for visiting since 2018 due to vandalism concerns. It has been protected as a branch of the Ilmensky Nature Reserve since 1983.
Dating the paintings
[edit]Although most sources associate the paintings to the Upper Paleolithic,[4][7] the age of the drawings continues to be debated. The radiocarbon dating of the charcoal drawings has resulted in more recent numbers, between 6,000 and 8,000 years ago. The attempt to date the red pigment of the female figure yielded no result.[8] In this respect, the age of the drawings remains unclear so far.[3]
According to a 2021 study,[9] the age of the Ignatievskaya Cave paintings, as determined by 230Th dating of flowstone, is constrained to the Upper Paleolithic period, specifically between approximately 78,000 and 10,000 years ago. This range is derived from 230Th dating of flowstone that formed before and after the paintings, indicating that artistic activity occurred during a period when flowstone did not form due to permafrost conditions in the Southern Ural. Additionally, 14C dates from cultural layers associated with artistic activity, containing ochre, suggest a narrower timeframe of 18.3–15.8 ka BP (calibrated), consistent with the Upper Paleolithic.[9]
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Alternative view of cave entrance -
Looking out from the cave -
Ochre figure of a person
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References
[edit]- ^ Bahn, Paul G. (1993), Collins Dictionary of Archaeology, ABC-CLIO, p. 224, ISBN 0-87436-744-1.
- ^ Shirokov, Vladimir (2002), Review of the Ural cave and rock art, The Northern Archaeological Congress, archived from the original on 2007-08-10
- ^ a b https://books.google.nl/books?id=XI8HEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22
- ^ a b Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000), Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, Springer-Verlag, p. 250, ISBN 0-306-46158-7.
- ^ Rudgley, Richard (1998), Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age, Century, p. 196, ISBN 0-7126-7758-5.
- ^ Blackledge, Catherine (2004), The Story of V: A Natural History of Female Sexuality, Rutgers University Press, p. 37, ISBN 0-8135-3455-0.
- ^ Dublyansky, Yuri; Shirokov, Vladimir; Moseley, Gina E.; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Spötl, Christoph (May 2021). "230 Th dating of flowstone from Ignatievskaya Cave, Russia: Age constraints of rock art and paleoclimate inferences". Geoarchaeology. 36 (3): 532–545. doi:10.1002/gea.21851. ISSN 0883-6353. PMC 8048586. PMID 33883826.
- ^ Steelman, K. L.; Rowe, M. W.; Shirokov, V. N.; Southon, J. R. (2002), "Radiocarbon dates for pictographs in Ignatievskaya Cave, Russia: Holocene age for supposed Pleistocene fauna", Antiquity, 76 (292): 341–348, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00090426.
- ^ a b Dublyansky, Y., Shirokov, V., Moseley, G., Kosintsev, P., Edwards, Lawrence, R, Spotl C. 2021: 230Th Dating of Flowstone from Ignatievskaya Cave, Russia: Age Constraints of Rock Art and Paleoclimate Inferences. Geoarchaeology 36(3), 532-545.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Ignateva Cave at Wikimedia Commons
