Hylaeus modestus
| Hylaeus modestus | |
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| A male Hylaeus modestus, a masked bee found in the new gardens of Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Colletidae |
| Genus: | Hylaeus |
| Species: | H. modestus
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| Binomial name | |
| Hylaeus modestus Say, 1837
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Hylaeus modestus, also known as the modest masked bee, is a species of hymenopteran in the family Colletidae. It is found in North America.[1][2]
Subspecies
[edit]These two subspecies belong to the species Hylaeus modestus:
- Hylaeus modestus citrinifrons (Cockerell, 1896)
- Hylaeus modestus modestus Say, 1837
Behavior
[edit]Hylaeus modestus was discovered to have a special secretion that they produce from their Dufour's gland. The secretion has a unique chemical compound containing high concentrations of ethyl esters (ethyl palmitate, ethyl stearate, ethyl eicosanate, and ethyl docosanate)[3], which provides extra nutrition to the larvae. Adults apply the secretion on the cell walls of their brood chambers, and the larvae feed on the secretions to obtain the energy needed to pupate and become adults before the other bee species out-compete them for resources.[citation needed]
H. modestus has been found to exhibit gynandromorphism, which is a rare occurrence among bee species. Specifically, the observed specimen demonstrated bilaterally asymmetric male and female characteristics except for the male genitalia.[4]
It is a generalist forager, and it nests in stems and cavities.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Hylaeus modestus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
- ^ "Hylaeus modestus". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
- ^ Duffield, R. M.; Fernandes, A.; McKay, S.; Wheeler, J. W.; Snelling, R. R. (1980). "Chemistry of the exocrine secretions of Hylaeus modestus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry. 67 (1): 159–162. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(80)90287-4.
- ^ Lightburn, K.; Van Acker, R.; Raine, N.E. (2022). "The first gynandromorph record of the North American bee Hylaeus modestus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)". Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 153.
- ^ Onuferko, T.M.; Kutby, R.; Richards, M.H. (2015). "A list of bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) recorded from three municipalities in the Niagara region of Ontario, including a new record of Lasioglossum furunculum Gibbs (Halictidae) in Canada". Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 146.
Further reading
[edit]- Ascher, J.S.; Pickering, J. (2019). "Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)". Retrieved 2019-07-02.
- Duffield, R. M.; Fernandes, A.; McKay, S.; Wheeler, J. W.; Snelling, R. R. (1 January 1980). "Chemistry of the exocrine secretions of Hylaeus modestus (Hymenoptera: colletidae)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry. 67 (1): 159–162. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(80)90287-4.
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