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Hoàn Kiếm

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(Redirected from Hoan Kiem)
This article is about Hanoi the capital of Vietnam. For disambiguation, see Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
Hoàn Kiếm Ward
Phường Hoàn Kiếm
Ward (Class-II)
From top, left to right : Hoàn Kiếm Lake, Đồng Xuân Market, Hồ Gươm Opera House, Đinh Lễ Book Street, and Train Track Coffee.
Country Vietnam
RegionRed River Delta
MunicipalityHà Nội
EstablishmentApril 29, 2025 (ward)
Central hallNo.126, Hàng Trống Street, Hoàn Kiếm Ward[1]
Government
 • TypeWard-level authority
 • People Committee's ChairmanTrịnh Hoàng Tùng[1]
 • People Council's ChairmanVũ Đăng Định[1]
 • Front Committee's ChairmanNguyễn Thị Ngọc Anh[1]
 • Party Committee's SecretaryVũ Đăng Định[1]
Area
 • Total
1.91 km2 (0.74 sq mi)
Population
 (July 1, 2025)[1]
 • Total
105,301
 • Density55,000/km2 (140,000/sq mi)
 • Ethnicities
Kinh
Tanka
Others
Time zoneUTC+7 (Indochina Time)
ZIP code
10000–11000[note 1]
ClimateCwa
WebsiteHoankiem.Hanoi.gov.vn
Hoankiem.Hanoi.dcs.vn

Hoàn Kiếm [hwa̤ːn˨˩:kiəm˧˥] is a ward of Hanoi the capital city in the Red River Delta of Vietnam.

History

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Middle Ages

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According to documents of two researchers Philippe Papin[note 2] and Li Tana, the area of modern Hoàn Kiếm Ward and some neighboring localities still belonged to a big bund on the west bank of the Red River before the 10th century. So far, the trace of this stage is said to be Hoàn Kiếm Lake, Phúc Xá Wharf, and West Lake.

Before the Later Lê Dynasty, that low-lying area belonged to an administrative unit called Thọ Xương Rural District (壽昌縣, Thọ Xương huyện), while the higher land from the west was called Quảng Đức Rural District. Toàn Thư has written, Thọ Xương area had a large population density and mostly acted like a floating market along the river. However, in the expansion and upgrading of Đông Đô the capital city, Emperor Hồng Đức merged two districts Quảng Đức and Thọ Xương into a unit called Phụng Thiên Prefecture (奉天府, Phụng Thiên phủ).

Since then until the end of the 19th century, Thọ Xương was still only the southeastern suburb of Hà Nội City, belonging to Hà Nội Province. However, it was very soon divided into wards (but not commune) like any municipality. Each ward has been organized as a professional association (phường nghề) and from that has formed the tradition of the goods streets (phố hàng) in the urban Hanoi.

In 1888, French President Marie François Sadi Carnot has signed a decree to establish Hanoi City on the area of Citadel of Hanoi and Vĩnh Thuận Rural District,[note 3] where has temporarily under the management of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps since 1883. Until October 1 of that year, Emperor Đồng Khánh from the Central region issued an edict to permanently cede Hanoi and its surrounding areas[note 4] to the Government of France, including Thọ Xương.

Since 1889, the old territory of Vĩnh Thuận has been called as urban districts I, II, V and VI, while Thọ Xương's one has been called III and IV. All roads and streets are named in French, however, there is still a small alley with the name of former Thọ Xương District.

XX century

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See also: Hoàn Kiếm District

During 60 days and nights of blood and flowers in Hanoi from 1946 to 1947, the entire eastern part of the Old Quarter has been named Inter-Zone 1 (Liên khu 1) and acted like a military regiment.[note 5] The two most known clashes were at Hàng Khay Street and the Bưu Điện House, together in December.[2] By 1953, the Francis Garnier Avenue (now Đinh Tiên Hoàng Street) took place a general parade of the Vietnam National Army in the presence of Emperor Bảo Đại and Grand General Raoul Salan.

After the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was re-established in 1955, two districts III and IV were re-divided into 4 zones[note 6] : Đồng Xuân, Hai Bà, Hàng Cỏ, and Hoàn Kiếm. By 1961, Đồng Xuân, Hàng Cỏ, and Hoàn Kiếm were merged into Hoàn Kiếm Zone (khu phố Hoàn Kiếm).

In June 1981, the zone was re-named Hoàn Kiếm Urban District (quận Hoàn Kiếm), including 18 wards : Chương Dương, Cửa Đông, Cửa Nam, Đồng Xuân, Hàng Bạc, Hàng Bài, Hàng Bồ, Hàng Bông, Hàng Buồm, Hàng Đào, Hàng Gai, Hàng Mã, Hàng Trống, Lý Thái Tổ, Phan Chu Trinh, Phúc Tân, Trần Hưng Đạo, and Tràng Tiền. Its area was located in the west of the Red River and especially around the Sword Lake. However, in 1996, the lake was re-named Hoàn Kiếm according to the district's.

XXI century

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In order to meet urgent needs of the plan to arrange and merge administrative units by the Government of Vietnam, the Hanoi City People's Council met on April 29, 2025, to approve Resolution 19/NQ-HĐND[3] on approving the policy of re-arranging commune+ward-level administrative units of the whole Hanoi City. According to Article 1st[note 7] of this dispatch, Hoàn Kiếm Urban District has been officially dissolved. From that facility, the entire area and population of that administrative unit has been converted into four ward-level ones, including as Ba Đình, Cửa Nam, Hoàn Kiếm, and Ngọc Hà.[4]

Hoàn Kiếm Ward (phường Hoàn Kiếm) has been formed on the merger of some localities of former Hoàn Kiếm District, specifically as follows :

  • All old wards Hàng Bạc, Hàng Bồ, Hàng Buồm, Hàng Gai, Hàng Mã, and Lý Thái Tổ from Hoàn Kiếm Dist.
  • Most old wards Cửa Đông, Đồng Xuân, Hàng Bông, Hàng Trống, and Tràng Tiền from still Hoàn Kiếm.
  • Part of Cửa Nam Ward from Hoàn Kiếm and former Điện Biên Ward from Ba Đình Dist.

Overall, its name has been decided by the Hanoi City People's Committee to preserve the administrative, commercial, cultural, and political advantages of the former district.[1]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hoàn Kiếm.

Notes and references

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Notes

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  1. ^ An official code from December 31, 2023, to present.
  2. ^ Philippe Papin, Histoire de Hanoï, Fayard, Paris, 2001.
  3. ^ Including old Quảng Đức District and some new lands in the west and south of it.
  4. ^ Hà Nội và vùng phụ cận.
  5. ^ Trung đoàn Liên khu 1.
  6. ^ Khu phố.
  7. ^ Điều 1.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Hoàn Kiếm Ward : Detailed information after arrangement (vi)
  2. ^ Hanoi 60 days and nights of smoke and fire (vi)
  3. ^ Resolution 19/NQ-HĐND in Vietnamese
  4. ^ List of new wards after the dissolution of Hoàn Kiếm District (vi)

Further reading

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Bibliography

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  • George Coedes. The Making of South East Asia, 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1983.
  • Trần Ngọc Thêm. Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam (The Foundation of Vietnamese Culture), 504 pages. Publishing by Nhà xuất bản Đại học Tổng hợp TPHCM. Saigon, Vietnam, 1995.
  • Trần Quốc Vượng, Tô Ngọc Thanh, Nguyễn Chí Bền, Lâm Mỹ Dung, Trần Thúy Anh. Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam (The Basis of Vietnamese Culture), 292 pages. Re-publishing by Nhà xuất bản Giáo Dục Việt Nam & Quảng Nam Printing Co-Ltd. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2006.
  • Li Tana (2011). Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han period Tongking Gulf. In Cooke, Nola ; Li Tana ; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 9780812205022.
  • Tập bản đồ hành chính Việt Nam (Vietnamese Administrative Maps), Nhà xuất bản Tài nguyên – Môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam, Hà Nội, 2013.
  • Li Tana, Towards an environmental history of the Eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014.
  • Samuel Baron, Christoforo Borri, Olga Dror, Keith W. Taylor (2018). Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.
  • The Birth of Vietnam : Sino-Vietnamese Relations to the Tenth Century and the Origins of Vietnamese Nationhood. University of Michigan Press. 1976.
  • Taylor, Keith Weiler (1983). The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. doi:10.2307/jj.8501140. ISBN 978-0-52007-417-0. JSTOR jj.8501140. LCCN 81011590. OCLC 1131176955. S2CID 265239427.
  • Taylor, K. W.; Whitmore, John K., eds. (1995). Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. doi:10.7591/9781501718991. ISBN 978-0-87727-718-7. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctv1nhmtn. OCLC 1091450831.
  • Borri, Christoforo; Baron, Samuel (2006). Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. doi:10.7591/9781501720901. ISBN 978-0-87727-771-2. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctv3s8qt9. LCCN 2009280899. OCLC 1262600216. S2CID 160903627.
  • Taylor, K. W. (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139021210. ISBN 978-1-107-24435-1. LCCN 2012035197. OCLC 843761714. S2CID 161759966.
  • Pierre Asselin, Pierre Brocheux, Christopher E. Goscha, Pierre Grosser, Annick Guénel, François Guillemot, Andrew Hardy, Michel Hoàng, Pierre Journoud, Anne Marie Moulin, Philippe Papin, Emmanuel Poisson, Dominique Rolland, Hugues Tertrais, Benoît de Tréglodé..., Le Viêt-Nam depuis 2000 ans, De La Republique Eds, Paris, 2017.
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