Fourth Nigerian Republic
Federal Republic of Nigeria | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motto: "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" | |||||||
| Anthem: "Nigeria, We Hail Thee" | |||||||
.svg)  | |||||||
| Capital | Abuja 9°4′N 7°29′E / 9.067°N 7.483°E | ||||||
| Largest city | Lagos | ||||||
| Official languages | English | ||||||
| National languages | |||||||
| Regional languages[1] | Over 525 languages[2] | ||||||
| Ethnic groups (2018)[3] | |||||||
| Demonym(s) | Nigerian | ||||||
| Government | Federal presidential republic | ||||||
| Bola Tinubu | |||||||
| Kashim Shettima | |||||||
| Godswill Akpabio | |||||||
| Tajudeen Abbas | |||||||
| Kudirat Kekere-Ekun | |||||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | ||||||
| Senate | |||||||
| House of Representatives | |||||||
| Formation | |||||||
| 29 May 1999 | |||||||
| Area | |||||||
• Total | 923,769 km2 (356,669 sq mi) (31st) | ||||||
• Water (%) | 1.4 | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 2023 estimate |  236,747,130[4] (6th) | ||||||
• Density | 249.8/km2 (647.0/sq mi) (42nd) | ||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate | ||||||
• Total |  $1.443 trillion[5] (27th) | ||||||
• Per capita | $6,340[5] (142nd) | ||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate | ||||||
• Total |  $252.738 billion[5] (53rd) | ||||||
• Per capita | $1,110[5] (167th) | ||||||
| Gini (2020) |  35.1[6]medium inequality | ||||||
| HDI (2023) | 0.560[7] medium (164th) | ||||||
| Currency | Naira (₦) (NGN) | ||||||
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (WAT) | ||||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy | ||||||
| Calling code | +234 | ||||||
| ISO 3166 code | NG | ||||||
| Internet TLD | .ng | ||||||
| |||||||
 |
|---|
 Nigeria portal |
The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republican constitution. Nigeria adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 29 May 1999.[9]
Founding
[edit]Following the death of the military dictator and de facto ruler of Nigeria, General Sani Abacha in 1998, his successor General Abdulsalami Abubakar initiated the transition which heralded Nigeria's return to democratic rule in 1999. The ban on political activities was lifted, and political prisoners were released from detention facilities. The constitution was styled after the ill-fated Second Republic — which saw the Westminster system of government jettisoned for an American presidential system. Political parties were formed (People's Democratic Party (PDP), All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), and Alliance for Democracy (AD)), and elections were set for April 1999. In the widely monitored 1999 election, former military ruler Olusegun Obasanjo was elected on the PDP platform. On 29 May 1999, Obasanjo was sworn in as President and Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
In the controversial general election on 21 April 2007, Umaru Yar'Adua of the PDP was elected president.
Following the death of Umaru Yar'Adua on 5 May 2010, Goodluck Jonathan became the third president(Interim)[10] and later won the election the following year which was largely accredited as freer and fairer than all the previous elections of the 4th Republic.[11] Muhammadu Buhari then won the general elections on 28 March 2015 after the PDP rule of sixteen years (1999–2015).[12]
On 29 May 2015, Buhari was sworn in as President of Nigeria, becoming the first opposition figure to win a presidential election since independence in 1960.[13] On 29 May 2019, Muhammadu Buhari was sworn in for a second term as Nigeria's president, after winning the presidential election in February 2019.[14]
The ruling All Progressives Congress (APC) candidate, Bola Tinubu, won the February 2023 presidential election to succeed Muhammadu Buhari as the next president of Nigeria. However, the opposition had accusations of electoral fraud in polls.[15] On 29 May 2023, Bola Tinubu was sworn in as Nigeria’s president to succeed Buhari.[16]
Political parties
[edit]Major parties
[edit]Defunct major opposition
- All People's Party (APP)
- Alliance for Democracy (AD)
- All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP)
- Congress for Progressive Change (CPC)
Minor parties
[edit]| Accord | A |
| Action Alliance | AA |
| Action Democratic Party | ADP |
| Action Peoples Party | APP |
| African Action Congress | AAC |
| African Democratic Congress | ADC |
| All Progressives Grand Alliance | APGA |
| Allied Peoples Movement | APM |
| Boot Party | BP |
| Labour Party | LP |
| National Rescue Movement | NRM |
| New Nigeria Peoples Party | NNPP |
| Peoples Redemption Party | PRP |
| Social Democratic Party | SDP |
| Young Progressive Party | YPP |
| Zenith Labour Party | ZLP |
Presidents
[edit]| President | Term | Party |
|---|---|---|
| Olusegun Obasanjo | 29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007 | PDP |
| Umaru Yar'Adua | 29 May 2007 – 5 May 2010 | PDP |
| Goodluck Jonathan | 6 May 2010 – 29 May 2015 | PDP |
| Muhammadu Buhari | 29 May 2015 – 29 May 2023 | APC |
| Bola Tinubu | 29 May 2023 – present | APC |
Constitutional amendments
[edit]See also
[edit]- Nigerian First Republic (1963–66)
- Nigerian Second Republic (1979–83)
- Nigerian Third Republic (1992–93)
Further reading
[edit]- John A. Ayoade, and Adeoye A. Akinsanya, eds. Nigeria's Critical Election, 2011 (Lexington Books; 2012)
References
[edit]- ^ "Languages of Nigeria". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ Blench, Roger (2014). An Atlas Of Nigerian Languages. Oxford: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ "Africa: Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ^ "Nigeria". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Nigeria)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Poverty and Inequality Index". National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24". United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ Akinbode, Ayomide (2 April 2019). "Why Nigeria changed from Right-Hand Drive to Left-Hand Drive in 1972". thehistoryville.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
The terms 'right- and left-hand drive' refer to the position of the driver in the vehicle and are the reverse of the terms 'right- and left-hand traffic'.
- ^ "June 12, NASS and Nigeria's Fourth Republic". Punch Newspapers. 2019-06-12. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
- ^ "Goodluck Jonathan wins vote to run in Nigeria's April election". The Guardian. Associated Press. 14 January 2011.
- ^ "Nigeria election: Riots over Goodluck Jonathan win". BBC News. 17 April 2011.
- ^ "Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins presidency". BBC News. 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Nigeria's President Buhari promises change at inauguration". BBC News. 29 May 2015.
- ^ Abang, Mercy. "Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari sworn in for second term as president". www.aljazeera.com.
- ^ "Who is Bola Tinubu, Nigeria's president-elect?". www.aljazeera.com.
- ^ "Bola Tinubu sworn in as Nigeria's president, succeeds Buhari". www.aljazeera.com.
| Queen (1960–1963) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| President of the First Republic (1963–1966) | ||
| Military regime (1966–1979) | ||
| President of the Second Republic (1979–1983) | ||
| Military regime (1983–1999) | ||
| President of the Fourth Republic (from 1999) | ||
*Civilian; headed transition to abortive Third Republic | ||