Jump to content

Foreign relations of Poland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Politics of Poland
Government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Related topics
The signing by President Aleksander Kwaśniewski of the treaty on Poland's accession to the European Union.

The Republic of Poland is a Central European country and member of the European Union and NATO, among others. Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.

The Polish economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland) looks after the foreign relations of Poland. As of May 2024 the ministry was held by Radosław Sikorski.

History

[edit]

Foreign policy topics are covered in the history articles:

Integration with the West and Europe

[edit]

After regaining independence in 1989, Poland has ahead on its economic reintegration with the Western world.[1] Poland also has been an active nation in advocating European integration.

In 1994, Poland became an associate member of the European Union (EU) and its defensive arm, the Western European Union (WEU). In 1996, Poland achieved full OECD membership and submitted preliminary documentation for full EU membership.

Poland formally joined the European Union in May 2004, along with the other members of the Visegrád Group.

the European Union membership

[edit]

NATO membership

[edit]

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz told a 2014 audience at the Wilson Center that Poland sought to join NATO as early as 1992.[2]

In 1997, Poland was invited in the first wave of NATO enlargement at the July 1997 NATO Madrid summit. In March 1999, Poland became a full member of NATO. Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue with NATO.

Poland was a part of the multinational force in Iraq.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Poland maintains diplomatic relations with:[3]

# Country Date
1 Italy 27 February 1919[4]
2 Belgium 6 March 1919[5]
3  Switzerland 12 March 1919[6]
4 Greece 13 March 1919[7]
5 Japan 22 March 1919[8]
6 France 2 April 1919[9]
7 United States 2 May 1919[10]
8 Spain 30 May 1919[11]
— Holy See 6 June 1919[12]
9 Romania 22 June 1919[13]
10 Netherlands 4 July 1919[14]
11 United Kingdom 15 July 1919[15]
12 Sweden 2 August 1919[16]
13 Norway 25 August 1919[17]
14 Denmark 8 September 1919[18]
15 Serbia 19 September 1919[19]
16 Finland 7 February 1920[20]
17 Czech Republic 23 March 1920[21]
18 Brazil 27 May 1920[22]
19 Uruguay 22 July 1920[23]
20 Paraguay 12 August 1920[23]
21 Chile 7 December 1920[24]
22 Latvia 27 January 1921[25]
23 Luxembourg 18 April 1921[26]
24 Russia 27 April 1921[27]
25 Estonia 4 May 1921[28]
26 Austria 6 September 1921[23]
27 Bulgaria 6 September 1921[23]
28 Hungary 17 November 1921[23]
29 Portugal 13 May 1922[29]
30 Argentina 19 July 1922[30]
31 Turkey 23 July 1923[31]
32 Peru 6 September 1923[32]
33 Egypt 1927[33]
34 Iran 19 March 1927[34]
35 Afghanistan 3 November 1927[35]
36 Mexico 26 February 1928[36]
37 Iraq 22 December 1932[37]
38 Cuba 1 January 1933[38]
39 Colombia 18 November 1933[39]
40 Costa Rica 18 November 1933[39]
41 Dominican Republic 18 November 1933[39]
42 Ecuador 18 November 1933[40]
43 El Salvador 18 November 1933[39]
44 Haiti 18 November 1933[39]
45 Honduras 18 November 1933[39]
46 Nicaragua 18 November 1933[39]
47 Panama 18 November 1933[39]
48 Venezuela 18 November 1933[39]
49 Guatemala 20 January 1934[41]
50 Bolivia 3 September 1935[42]
51 Albania 7 April 1937[43]
52 Lithuania 19 March 1938[44]
53 Canada 9 February 1942[45]
54 Ethiopia 1 September 1943[46]
55 Lebanon 1 August 1944[47]
56 Syria 18 September 1945
57 Iceland 14 January 1946
58 Israel 19 May 1948
59 North Korea 16 October 1948[48]
60 China 7 October 1949[49]
61 Vietnam 4 February 1950[50]
62 Mongolia 14 April 1950[51]
63 India 30 March 1954[52]
64 Indonesia 19 September 1955[53]
65 Myanmar 9 November 1955
66 Sudan 4 April 1956
67 Cambodia 24 April 1956[54]
68 Sri Lanka 18 April 1957[55]
69 Yemen 21 December 1957[56]
70 Guinea 29 June 1959[57]
71 Morocco 7 July 1959[58]
72 Tunisia 15 November 1959[59]
73   Nepal 24 November 1959[60]
74 Ghana 31 December 1959[61]
75 Cyprus 15 January 1961[62]
76 Democratic Republic of the Congo 12 February 1961
77 Mali 12 May 1961
78 Tanzania 14 January 1962[54]
79 Algeria 2 May 1962
80 Nigeria 30 May 1962[63]
81 Benin 14 June 1962
82 Senegal 18 June 1962
83 Somalia 10 July 1962[54]
84 Burundi 8 August 1962[64]
85 Laos 8 September 1962
86 Sierra Leone 9 November 1962
87 Pakistan 17 December 1962[65]
88 Togo 26 December 1962
89 Uganda 8 April 1963
90 Kuwait 17 May 1963
91 Libya 2 December 1963[66]
92 Kenya 13 December 1963[67]
93 Jordan 20 February 1964[68]
94 Rwanda 10 July 1965[69]
95 Mauritania 3 December 1965[70]
96 Zambia 30 June 1966
97 Burkina Faso 13 June 1968
98 Singapore 12 April 1969[71]
99 Central African Republic 15 January 1970[72]
100 Malaysia 21 June 1971[73]
101 Niger 30 June 1971
102 Malta 23 October 1971[74]
103 Bangladesh 12 January 1972[75]
104 Australia 20 February 1972[76]
105 Cameroon 14 March 1972[77]
106 Guyana 10 July 1972[78]
107 Germany 14 September 1972[79]
108 Thailand 14 November 1972[80]
109 Republic of the Congo 19 December 1972[81]
110 New Zealand 28 February 1973
111 Liberia 30 May 1973[82]
112 Philippines 22 September 1973[83]
113 Guinea-Bissau 3 October 1973[84]
114 Madagascar 28 November 1973
115 Ivory Coast 9 June 1974
116 Jamaica 4 November 1974
117 Gambia 21 January 1975[85]
118 Mozambique 25 June 1975[86]
119 Angola 25 November 1975
120 Cape Verde 12 February 1976[87]
121 Ireland 30 September 1976[88]
122 Gabon 16 October 1976[89]
123 Comoros 6 June 1977[90]
124 Papua New Guinea 10 February 1978[91]
125 São Tomé and Príncipe 20 November 1978[92]
126 Botswana 22 November 1978[93]
127 Lesotho 20 December 1978[94]
128 Chad 5 January 1979
129 Seychelles 14 February 1979
130 Mauritius 30 April 1979
131 Equatorial Guinea 29 May 1979[95]
132 Djibouti 24 February 1980[96]
133 Grenada 2 June 1980[97]
134 Zimbabwe 18 February 1981
135 Maldives 1 October 1984[93]
136 Vanuatu 15 November 1986[98]
— State of Palestine 11 April 1989[99]
137 United Arab Emirates 4 September 1989
138 Qatar 16 October 1989
139 South Korea 1 November 1989[100]
140 Oman 24 January 1990[101]
141 Namibia 21 March 1990[102]
142 Eswatini 10 May 1990[93]
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta 9 July 1990
143 Bahrain 22 April 1991
144 Marshall Islands 17 December 1991[93]
145 South Africa 18 December 1991[103]
146 Ukraine 4 January 1992[104]
147 Kyrgyzstan 10 February 1992
148 Tajikistan 11 February 1992[105]
149 Azerbaijan 21 February 1992[106]
150 Armenia 26 February 1992[107]
151 Belarus 2 March 1992[108]
152 Uzbekistan 19 March 1992[109]
153 Kazakhstan 6 April 1992
154 Slovenia 10 April 1992[110]
155 Croatia 11 April 1992
156 Georgia 28 April 1992[111]
157 Malawi 10 July 1992[112]
158 Moldova 14 July 1992[113]
159 Liechtenstein 5 September 1992
160 Turkmenistan 29 September 1992
161 Slovakia 1 January 1993[114]
162 Suriname 24 May 1993[115]
163 Eritrea 15 July 1993
164 North Macedonia 30 December 1993
165 San Marino 14 November 1994[116]
166 Belize 2 May 1995[93]
167 Saudi Arabia 3 May 1995[117]
168 Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 December 1995[118]
169 Brunei 20 March 1996[93]
170 Andorra 15 May 1996
171 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16 May 1996[93]
172 Barbados 13 September 1996[93]
173 Trinidad and Tobago 13 August 1998[93]
174 Saint Lucia 24 May 2000[93]
175 Timor-Leste 18 November 2002[119]
176 Bahamas 19 November 2003[120]
177 Antigua and Barbuda 13 September 2005[121]
178 Montenegro 14 August 2006[122]
179 Monaco 27 September 2007[123]
180 Dominica 4 June 2009[93]
181 Saint Kitts and Nevis 23 June 2009[93]
182 Palau 27 January 2012[93]
183 Solomon Islands 6 March 2012[93]
184 Samoa 8 March 2012[93]
185 Bhutan 29 November 2012[93]
186 South Sudan 31 January 2013[124]
187 Fiji 11 July 2014[93]
188 Nauru 24 November 2014[125]
189 Kiribati 2 March 2015[126]
190 Federated States of Micronesia 6 March 2015[127]
191 Tuvalu 4 May 2015[128]
192 Tonga 29 August 2016[129]
— Cook Islands 20 March 2025[130]

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Multilateral

[edit]
Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
European Union See Poland in the European Union

Poland joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

NATO

Poland joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999.

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Algeria See Algeria–Poland relations
  • Algeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Algiers.
Angola
  • Angola has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Luanda.
Chad
  • Chad is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
Egypt See Egypt–Poland relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Cairo.
Ethiopia See Ethiopia–Poland relations
Kenya 13 December 1963 See Kenya–Poland relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Poland has an embassy in Nairobi.
Libya See Libya–Poland relations
  • Libya has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
Madagascar
  • Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
Mali See Mali–Poland relations
Morocco See Morocco–Poland relations
  • Morocco has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Rabat.
Mozambique 25 June 1975
  • Mozambique is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Maputo.
Namibia 21 March 1990
  • Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Nigeria See Nigeria–Poland relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Abuja.
Senegal See Poland–Senegal relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Warsaw.
South Africa 1988 See Poland–South Africa relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Warsaw.
South Sudan 31 January 2013 See Poland–South Sudan relations
Tanzania 1961 See Poland–Tanzania relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Tunisia See Poland–Tunisia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Uganda 1963 See Poland–Uganda relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kampala.
  • Uganda is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Zambia See Poland–Zambia relations

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Argentina 1920 See Argentina–Poland relations
Belize 2 May 1995

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1995.[132]

Bolivia
  • Bolivia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
Brazil 27 May 1920 See Brazil–Poland relations
Canada 1935 See Canada–Poland relations
Chile 1920 See Chile–Poland relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Santiago.
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Colombia 1931 See Colombia–Poland relations
  • Colombia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Bogotá.[137]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Cuba 1933 See Cuba–Poland relations
  • Cuba has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Havana.
Ecuador
  • Ecuador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
El Salvador
  • El Salvador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
Guyana 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972.[138]

  • Guyana is accredited to Poland from its high commission in London, United Kingdom.
  • Poland is accredited to Guyana from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
Haiti See Haiti–Poland relations
  • Haiti is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Panama City, Panama, and there is an honorary consulate of Poland in Port-au-Prince.
Honduras
  • Honduras is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Honduras from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
Mexico 26 February 1928 See Mexico–Poland relations
Panama
  • Panama has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Panama City.
Paraguay
  • Paraguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Peru 1923 See Peru–Poland relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Warsaw.[141]
  • Poland has an embassy in Lima.[142]
United States See Poland–United States relations

A tighter security alliance with the United States was announced in the middle of the Georgian crisis as an agreement between the two countries was reached to allow the US to install and operate an interceptor missile defense shield, a move which Russia sees explicitly targeting it and which it stated made Poland "a legit military target".[143] A high-ranking Russian military official said: "Poland in deploying [the US system] opens itself to a nuclear strike".[144]

Uruguay 22 July 1920 See Poland–Uruguay relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Venezuela 1933 See Poland–Venezuela relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Warsaw.

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Afghanistan See Afghanistan–Poland relations
  • Afghanistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
Armenia 1992-2-26[147] See Armenia–Poland relations
Azerbaijan 1992-02-21[150] See Azerbaijan–Poland relations
Bangladesh See Bangladesh–Poland relations
  • Bangladesh has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
China 1919 See China–Poland relations
  • Relations between Poland and the People's Republic of China began on 5 October 1949.
  • China has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Georgia 1992-04-28 See Georgia–Poland relations
India See India–Poland relations

Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterized by understanding and cooperation on international front.[151]

Indonesia See Indonesia–Poland relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Jakarta.
Iran See Iran–Poland relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tehran.
Iraq See Iraq–Poland relations
  • Iraq has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Baghdad.
Israel 27 February 1990 See Israel–Poland relations

Poland broke off relations with Israel after the Six-Day War of 1967, following most other countries of the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Bloc. Poland was the first Eastern bloc country to recognize Israel again in 1986. Full diplomatic relations have been reestablished in 1990, after the communist People's Republic of Poland was transformed into modern, democratic Poland. Government relations between Poland and Israel are steadily improving, resulting in the mutual visits of presidents and the ministers of foreign affairs.[154][155]

Japan See Japan–Poland relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate in Kraków.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tokyo, and 2 honorary consulates (in Kobe and Hiroshima).[156]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
  • See also Poles in Japan
Kazakhstan 6 April 1992 See Kazakhstan–Poland relations

Poland opened its embassy in Nur-Sultan in March 1994. Kazakhstan's embassy to Poland was opened in October 2000.[157]

Kuwait
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Kuwait City.
Kyrgyzstan
  • Kyrgyzstan is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Kyrgyzstan from its embassy in Astana, Kazakhstan.
  • See also Poles in Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Beirut.
Malaysia See Malaysia–Poland relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw,[158] and Poland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate in Kuching.[159][160]

Mongolia See Mongolia–Poland relations
  • Mongolia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
North Korea 1948 October[161] See Poland–North Korea relations
  • North Korea has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Pyongyang.
Pakistan 17 December 1962 See Pakistan–Poland relations
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Islamabad.
Palestine 9 July 1982 (PLO),[162] 11 April 1989 (formalized)[99] See Palestine–Poland relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Warsaw.[163]
  • Poland has a representative office in Ramallah.
Philippines See Philippines–Poland relations
Qatar
  • Poland has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Warsaw.
Saudi Arabia See Poland–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Singapore 1969[165]
  • Poland has an embassy in Singapore.[165]
  • Singapore has a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore accredited to Poland and has an honorary consulate-general in Warsaw.[165]
South Korea 1 November 1989[166] See Poland–South Korea relations
Taiwan See Poland–Taiwan relations
Tajikistan See Poland–Tajikistan relations
  • Poland is accredited to Tajikistan from its embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
  • Tajikistan is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Thailand
  • Poland has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.
Turkey See Poland–Turkey relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO, OECD and the Council of Europe.
  • Poland is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Poland supports Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
Turkmenistan See Poland–Turkmenistan relations
  • Poland is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan.
  • Turkmenistan is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
United Arab Emirates See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw.
Uzbekistan See Poland–Uzbekistan relations
Vietnam See Poland–Vietnam relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Warsaw.

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Albania See Albania–Poland relations
Andorra 1996-5-15
  • Andorra is accredited to Poland from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Andorra la Vella, Andorra.
  • Poland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
Austria 1921 See Austria–Poland relations

Austria was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Prussia/Germany and Russia.

Belarus 1992-03-02[171] See Belarus–Poland relations
  • Both countries share a common border of 416 kilometres (258 miles).[172]
  • Poland was one of the first countries to recognise Belarusian independence.[171]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Gdańsk and Białystok, and a consulate in Biała Podlaska.[173]
  • Poland has an embassy in Minsk and consulates-general in Brest and Hrodna.[174]
Belgium 1919-3[175] See Belgium–Poland relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Bulgaria 1920s See Bulgaria–Poland relations
Croatia 1992-04-11 See Croatia–Poland relations
Cyprus 1960s See Cyprus–Poland relations

[180]

Czech Republic 1991-10-6[181] See Czech Republic–Poland relations
  • Both countries share a common border of 790 kilometres (490 miles).[172]
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Katowice.
  • Poland has an embassy in Prague and a consulate-general in Ostrava.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO and the Visegrád Group.
Denmark See Denmark–Poland relations
Estonia 1991-09 See Estonia–Poland relations
Finland 1919-03-08 See Finland–Poland relations
France 1919-2-24[185] See France–Poland relations

Polish-French relations date several centuries, although they became really relevant only with times of French Revolution and reign of Napoleon I. Poles have been allies of Napoleon; large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period. The official relations, having cooled down during the Cold War, have improved since the fall of communism. Currently both countries are part of the European Union and NATO.

Germany See Germany–Poland relations

After the creation of modern Germany in 1871, Germany was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Russia.

The joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II, and then until 1945, Poland was occupied by Germany and subjected to crimes against its population.

During the Cold War, communist Poland had good relations with East Germany, but had strained relations with West Germany. After the fall of communism, Poland and the reunited Germany have had a mostly positive but occasionally strained relationship due to some political issues. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Germany has been a proponent of Poland's participation in NATO and the European Union.

  • Both countries share a common border of 467 kilometres (290 miles).[172]
  • Germany has an embassy in Warsaw and consulates-general in Gdańsk, Kraków, Opole and Wrocław.
  • Poland has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Cologne, Hamburg and Munich.
  • Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Greece See Greece–Poland relations
Holy See 1919 See Holy See–Poland relations
  • Holy see has an apostolic nunciature in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Hungary See Hungary–Poland relations

Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. For a long time, they enjoy traditional close friendship.

Iceland January 1946 See Iceland–Poland relations
  • Iceland has an embassy in Warsaw.[188]
  • Poland has an embassy in Reykjavík.[189]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
Ireland 1976-9-30[190] See Ireland–Poland relations
Italy 1919-2-27[195] See Italy–Poland relations
Latvia 1991-08-30 See Latvia–Poland relations
Lithuania 1991-9-5[200] See Lithuania–Poland relations

Poland and Lithuania formed a close alliance and political union since 1385, which was eventually transformed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the greatest historic powers of Central and Eastern Europe.

The fall of communism in the years of 1989-1991 led to a formal reestablishment of relations by the Polish and Lithuanian states. Poland was highly supportive of the Lithuanian independence, and became one of the first countries to recognize independent Lithuania.[201] Despite that, there was a relative crisis in the early 1990s,[202] due to Lithuanian mistreatment of Polish minority, and Lithuanian suspicious that Poland would want to put Lithuania under its sphere of influence.[201] After a few years, as the situation normalized, Polish-Lithuanian relations have been steadily improving over the past two decades, with both countries joining the NATO and European Union.

Luxembourg 1921-4-18[203] See Luxembourg–Poland relations
Malta
Moldova 1991-8-27[204] See Moldova–Poland relations
Monaco 1990[205]
  • Monaco is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and maintains an honorary consulate in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Montenegro
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Podgorica.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Montenegro is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Netherlands See Netherlands–Poland relations
North Macedonia
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Skopje.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • North Macedonia is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Norway See Norway–Poland relations
Portugal 11 July 1974 See Poland–Portugal relations
Romania 1919-02-09 See Poland–Romania relations
Russia See Poland–Russia relations

Russia was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Prussia/Germany.

The joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II.

In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. During the Russo-Georgian War Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the war was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics. Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved, despite the Smolensk air disaster where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against Ukraine.

Serbia 1919 See Poland–Serbia relations
Slovakia 1993 See Poland–Slovakia relations
Slovenia 1992-4-10[210]
Spain 1919-5-19[211] See Poland–Spain relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate-general in Barcelona.
  • Spain has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Sweden 1919-6-3[211] See Poland–Sweden relations

Poland and Sweden formed the Polish–Swedish union in the late 16th century.

 Switzerland
Ukraine 1992-1-4[212] See Poland–Ukraine relations

Both countries share a border of about 529 kilometres (329 miles).[172] Poland's acceptance of the Schengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009 an agreement on local border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.[213]

United Kingdom 1919-7-5[15] See Poland–United Kingdom relations
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk in Warsaw, January 2025.

Poland established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 15 July 1919.[15]

  • Poland maintains an embassy in London.[15]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Poland through its embassy in Warsaw.[214]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Trilateral Security Pact, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence and Security Agreement,[215] a Double Tax Convention,[216] and a Strategic Partnership.[217]

During the Cold War Poland retained a largely negative view of Britain as a sluggish ally of Poland during World War II, later acceptance of neglecting Poland in the international arena and placing it in communist influences. In communist times the UK was a part of the NATO block, so consequently it was considered by the communists as natural enemy of the communist bloc. British efforts meanwhile were focussed at trying to break Poland off from the Warsaw Pact and encouraging reforms in the country. In the 1990s and 2000s democratic Poland has maintained close relations with Britain; both in defence matters and within the EU; Britain being one of only a few countries allowing equal rights to Polish workers upon their accession in 2004.[218]

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Australia February 1972 See Australia–Poland relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Warsaw.[220]
  • Poland has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.[221]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Micronesia 12 February 2019

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2019.[222]

  • Poland is accredited to Micronesia from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Micronesia currently does not have an accredited ambassador to Poland.
New Zealand 1 March 1973 See New Zealand–Poland relations
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Warsaw.[223]
  • Poland has an embassy in Wellington.[224]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Papua New Guinea See Papua New Guinea–Poland relations
  • Papua New Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Brussels.
  • Poland is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its embassy in Canberra, and there is an honorary consulate of Poland in Madang.[225]
Solomon Islands 6 March 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 2012.[226]

  • Poland is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Solomon Islands are accredited to Poland from its embassy Brussels, Belgium.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Commission, European (2015). "25 years after the fall of the Iron Curtain: The of integration of East and West in the European Union" (PDF): 12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ "Into the Fold or Out in the Cold? NATO Expansion and European Security after the Cold War". Video: NATO Expansion and European Security after the Cold War. The Wilson Center. 2 May 2014.
  3. ^ Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku. Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. 2006. pp. 126–132.
  4. ^ "Polonia in Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  5. ^ "Poland in Belgium". Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  6. ^ "Polska w Szwajcarii" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Poland in Greece". Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  8. ^ "Polska w Japonii" (in Polish). Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  9. ^ "La Pologne en France" (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  10. ^ "Polska w USA" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Strony o Madrycie" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  12. ^ "Relacje dyplomatyczne między Polską a Watykanem" (in Polish). 14 December 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  13. ^ "Polska w Rumunii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  14. ^ "Polska w Holandii: Współpraca polityczna (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  15. ^ a b c d "The United Kingdom". gov.pl. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  16. ^ "Poland in Sweden". Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  17. ^ "Polska w Norwegii: Współpraca polityczna" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  18. ^ "Polska w Danii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  19. ^ "Serbia Współpraca polityczna" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Polska w Finlandii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  21. ^ "Czechy" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  22. ^ "Brasil" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  23. ^ a b c d e Biliński, Wojciech (2018). "Uznanie międzynarodowe Polski austanowienie przez nią stosunków dyplomatycznych w1919 r." Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne (in Polish). 108: 18–32. doi:10.26485/SPE/2018/108/1.
  24. ^ "Chile" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  25. ^ "Łotwa" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  26. ^ "Luksemburg Współpraca polityczna" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Политический диалог" (in Russian). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  28. ^ "Estonia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  29. ^ "Portugalia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  30. ^ "200 lat obecności polskiej w Argentynie. Tom studiów z okazji 100. rocznicy nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych pomiędzy Polską i Argentyną" (in Polish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  31. ^ "Turcja-Polska. Traktat Przyjaźni. Lozanna.1923.07.23" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  32. ^ "Historia stosunków dwustronnych" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  33. ^ "Poland in Egypt". Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  34. ^ "Poland in Iran". Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  35. ^ "Afganistan" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  36. ^ "MANUAL DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA EMBAJADA DE MÉXICO EN POLONIA" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  37. ^ "SERIA WYDAWNICZA: POLSKA SŁUŻBA ZAGRANICZNA 1918–1945 – materiały źródłowe" (PDF) (in Polish). p. 161. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  38. ^ "Szef polskiego MSZ z pierwszą od ponad 30 lat oficjalną wizytą na Kubie" (in Polish). 4 June 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i "SERIA WYDAWNICZA: POLSKA SŁUŻBA ZAGRANICZNA 1918–1945 – materiały źródłowe" (PDF) (in Polish). p. 271. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  40. ^ Paweł Ceranka Krzysztof Szczepanik Jan Zdanowski. "PLACÓWKI DYPLOMATYCZNE RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ 1918–1945" (PDF). archiwa.gov.pl (in Polish). p. 67. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  41. ^ "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  42. ^ Paweł Ceranka Krzysztof Szczepanik Jan Zdanowski. "PLACÓWKI DYPLOMATYCZNE RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ 1918–1945" (PDF). archiwa.gov.pl (in Polish). p. 40. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  43. ^ "80-lecie nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych pomiędzy Polską i Albanią" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  44. ^ "80 lat temu Polska i Litwa nawiązały stosunki dyplomatyczne" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Canada and Poland Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  46. ^ "Witold Ryszard Korsak" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  47. ^ "Liban" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  48. ^ "Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  49. ^ "Chiny" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  50. ^ "Wietnam" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  51. ^ "Mongolia Współpraca polityczna" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  52. ^ "Indie" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  53. ^ "Indonezja" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  54. ^ a b c "Calendarium Polski Ludowej 1944-1963" (PDF) (in Polish). p. 458-481. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  55. ^ "Sri Lanka" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  56. ^ "Yemen". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  57. ^ "Guinée" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  58. ^ "Maroc" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  59. ^ "Tunezja" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  60. ^ "Nepal" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  61. ^ "Ghana" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  62. ^ "Cyprus". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  63. ^ "Nigeria" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  64. ^ "Burundi" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  65. ^ "Pakistan" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  66. ^ "Libia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  67. ^ "Kenia Współpraca polityczna" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  68. ^ "Jordania" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  69. ^ "Rwanda" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  70. ^ "Mauritanie" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  71. ^ "Singapur" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  72. ^ "Republika Środkowoafrykańska" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  73. ^ "Malezja" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  74. ^ "Malta". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  75. ^ "Bangladesz" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  76. ^ "Australia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  77. ^ "Kamerun" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  78. ^ "Gujana" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  79. ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  80. ^ "Tajlandia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  81. ^ "Republika Konga" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  82. ^ "Liberia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  83. ^ "Philippines". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Guinée-Bissau" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  85. ^ "Gambie" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  86. ^ "Mozambik" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  87. ^ "Cap-Vert" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  88. ^ "Irlandia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  89. ^ "Gabon" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  90. ^ "Komory" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  91. ^ "Papua-Nowa Gwinea" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  92. ^ "Demokratyczna Republika Wysp Św. Tomasza i Książęcej" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  93. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Diplomatic relations between Poland and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  94. ^ "Lesotho" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  95. ^ "Gwinea Równikowa" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  96. ^ "Dżibuti" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  97. ^ "Grenada" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  98. ^ "Vanuatu". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  99. ^ a b Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku. Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. 2006. pp. 126–132.
  100. ^ "Republika Korei" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  101. ^ "Oman". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  102. ^ "Namibia". Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  103. ^ "RPA" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  104. ^ "Ukraina". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  105. ^ "Tadżykistan" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  106. ^ "Relacje dwustronne" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  107. ^ "Armenia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  108. ^ "Białoruś" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  109. ^ "Uzbekistan" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  110. ^ "Słowenia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  111. ^ "Gruzja" (in Polish).
  112. ^ "Malawi" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  113. ^ "Mołdawia" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  114. ^ "Słowacja" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  115. ^ "Surinam" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  116. ^ "Polonia in Italia: San Marino (Servizio della Repubblica di Polonia)" (in Italian). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  117. ^ "Saudi Arabia". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  118. ^ "Bośnia i Hercegowina". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  119. ^ "Timor Wschodni" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  120. ^ "The Bahamas". Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  121. ^ "Antigua i Barbuda" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  122. ^ "Czarnogóra" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  123. ^ "Współpraca polityczna w okresie III RP" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  124. ^ "Sudan Południowy" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  125. ^ "Nauru" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  126. ^ "Kiribati". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  127. ^ "Mikronezja" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  128. ^ "Tuvalu". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  129. ^ "Tonga". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  130. ^ "Diplomatic and consular relations established between Republic of Poland and Cook Islands". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 25 March 2025.
  131. ^ "Polish embassy in Buenos Aires (in Polish and Spanish only)". Buenosaires.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  132. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2018-12-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  133. ^ "Apresentação". varsovia.itamaraty.gov.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  134. ^ "Ambasada Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Brasilii". www.brasilia.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  135. ^ "Canadian embassy in Warsaw". Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  136. ^ "Polish embassy in Ottawa". Ottawa.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  137. ^ "Polish embassy in Bogotá (in Polish and Spanish only)". Retrieved 2013-11-29.
  138. ^ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations ". Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015.
  139. ^ "Embassy of Mexico in Warsaw". Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  140. ^ "Embajada de la República de Polonia en México". Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  141. ^ "Embajada de Perú en Polonia". www.perupol.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  142. ^ "Embajada de la República de Polonia en Lima". www.lima.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  143. ^ "Rice to visit Poland to sign missile shield deal". AFP. August 18, 2008. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  144. ^ Bhadrakumar, M.K. (August 18, 2008). "China seeks Caucasian crisis windfall". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  145. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Washington, D.C." www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  146. ^ "Embassy & Consulate". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Poland. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  147. ^ "Armenia". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  148. ^ Katarzyna Marchwicka (15 November 2019). "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Armenii w Łodzi". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  149. ^ "Polish embassy in Yerevan (in Armenian and Polish only)". Erewan.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  150. ^ "Azerbaijan". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  151. ^ "Indo-Polish relations". Embassy of India in Poland. Archived from the original on 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  152. ^ "Embassy of India in Poland". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  153. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in New Delhi". www.newdelhi.mfa.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  154. ^ "CEEOL Yearbook of Polish Foreign Policy (English Edition)". Ceeol.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
  155. ^ "Poland Resumes Full Diplomatic Ties With Israel" The New York Times. 28 February 1990.
  156. ^ "Konsulaty honorowe - Polska w Japonii". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  157. ^ "Kazakhstan". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  158. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Warsaw". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  159. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Kuala Lumpur". Poland Embassy, Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  160. ^ Raziah Geneid Mahmud. "Malaysia & Poland Ties". Raziah Geneid. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  161. ^ "북한과 폴란드의 정치 관계". Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  162. ^ "Trudne relacje Polski z Palestyną" (PDF). Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  163. ^ "Ambasada Państwa Palestyny".
  164. ^ "Honorary consulates". Poland in the Philippines - Official Website of the Embassy of Poland in Manila. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  165. ^ a b c "Singapore - Poland in Singapore". Portal Gov.pl. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  166. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
  167. ^ "Ambasada Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Seulu". www.seul.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  168. ^ "주 폴란드 대한민국 대사관". pol.mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  169. ^ "Austrian embassy in Budapest (in German and Polish only)". Bmeia.gv.at. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  170. ^ "Polish embassy in Vienna (in German and Polish only)". Wien.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  171. ^ a b "Embassy of Belarus in Poland" Archived 2009-08-04 at the Wayback Machine belembassy.org. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  172. ^ a b c d e f (in Polish) Informacje o Polsce - informacje ogólne Archived June 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Page gives Polish PWN Encyklopedia as reference.
  173. ^ "Embassy Belarus in Poland" Archived 2009-07-14 at the Wayback Machine belembassy.org. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  174. ^ "Embassy of Poland in Belarus" Archived 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine minsk.polemb.net. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  175. ^ "Belgium". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  176. ^ "Ambasada Republiki Bułgarii i placówki konsularne". Honorowy Konsulat Republiki Bułgarii w Krakowie (in Polish). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  177. ^ "Polish embassy in Sofia". Polamba-bg.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  178. ^ "Konsulaty honorowe - Polska w Bułgarii". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  179. ^ "Croatian embassy in Warsaw (in Croatian and Polish only)". Pl.mfa.hr. Archived from the original on 2010-12-18. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  180. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Nicosia". Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  181. ^ "Czech Republic". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  182. ^ "Estonian embassy in Warsaw". Estemb.pl. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  183. ^ "Polish embassy in Tallinn". Tallinn.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  184. ^ "Polish embassy in Helsinki (in Finnish and Polish only)". Helsinki.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  185. ^ "France". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  186. ^ "Konsulowie honorowi". Ambasada Węgier Warszawa (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  187. ^ "Konsulaty honorowe". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  188. ^ Embassy of Iceland in Warsaw
  189. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Reykjavik". www.reykjavik.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  190. ^ "Ireland". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  191. ^ Affairs, Department of Foreign. "Poland - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". www.dfa.ie. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  192. ^ "Team Ireland in Poland". Department of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  193. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Dublin". www.dublin.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  194. ^ "Honorary consulates - Poland in Ireland". Gov.pl website. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  195. ^ "Italy". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  196. ^ "Sieć konsularna". Ambasciata d'Italia Varsavia (in Polish). Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  197. ^ "Konsulaty honorowe". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  198. ^ "Latvian embassy in Warsaw (in Latvian and Polish only)". Am.gov.lv. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  199. ^ "Polish embassy in Riga". Ryga.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  200. ^ "Lithuania". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  201. ^ a b Stephen R. Burant and Voytek Zubek, Eastern Europe's Old Memories and New Realities: Resurrecting the Polish-Lithuanian Union, East European Politics and Societies 1993; 7; 370, online Archived 2020-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
  202. ^ Polish foreign relations with the former Soviet Republics from the mid-1990s perspective
  203. ^ 100 years of diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and Poland from A to Z/100 lat stosunków dyplomatycznych między Luksemburgiem i Polską od A do Z (in English and Polish). Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in Warsaw. 2021. ISBN 978-99959-0-628-3.
  204. ^ "Andorra". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  205. ^ "Monaco". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  206. ^ "Polish embassy in Bucharest". Bukareszt.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 2010-10-27. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  207. ^ "Romanian embassy in Warsaw". Varsovia.mae.ro. 2010-12-17. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  208. ^ "Polish embassy in Bratislava". Archived from the original on 19 October 2006. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  209. ^ "Slovak embassy in Warsaw (in Polish and Slovakian only)". Ambasada-slowacji.pl. Archived from the original on 2014-05-16. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  210. ^ "Slovenia". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  211. ^ a b "Spain". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  212. ^ "Ukraine". www.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  213. ^ Local Border Traffic Agreement With Poland Takes Effect Archived 2013-01-05 at archive.today, Ukrainian News Agency (July 1, 2009)
  214. ^ "British Embassy Warsaw". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  215. ^ Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street; Starmer, Keir (17 January 2025). "UK and Poland to launch new defence and security treaty in Warsaw". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  216. ^ HM Revenue and Customs (29 December 2006). "Poland: tax treaties". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 30 January 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  217. ^ Poland MFA Press Office (5 July 2023). "Poland-UK strategic partnership". gov.pl. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  218. ^ The New Atlanticist: Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Priorities[permanent dead link], pp.80-84, by Kerry Longhurst and Marcin Zaborowski, from The Royal Institute of International Affairs, first published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd., ISBN 978-1-4051-2646-5 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-4051-2645-8 (paperback).
  219. ^ "Embassy & Consulates - Poland in the UK - Gov.pl website".
  220. ^ Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and. "Australian Embassy in". australia.pl. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  221. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Canberra". www.canberra.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  222. ^ "His Excellency Michal Kolodziejski, Ambassador of the Republic of Poland, Presents Credentials". Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  223. ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "New Zealand Embassy". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  224. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Wellington". wellington.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  225. ^ "Honorary consulates". Gov.pl website (in Polish). Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  226. ^ "The establishment of diplomatic relations". newyorkun.mfa.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Biskupski, M. B. The History of Poland. Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp. online edition Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
  • The Cambridge History of Poland, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971 online edition vol 1 to 1696 Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, old fashioned but highly detailed
  • Davies, Norman. God's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 / ISBN 0-19-925340-4.
  • Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Fedorowicz, Krzysztof (July 2007). "National Identity and National Interest in Polish Eastern Policy, 1989-2004". Nationalities Papers. 35 (3): 537–553. doi:10.1080/00905990701368761. hdl:10593/26952. S2CID 154831664.
  • Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Garland Pub., 2000 online edition Archived 2010-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
  • Gerson Louis L. Woodrow Wilson and the Rebirth of Poland 1914-1920 (1972)
  • Hetherington, Peter. Unvanquished: Joseph Pilsudski, Resurrected Poland, and the Struggle for Eastern Europe (2012) 752pp excerpt and text search
  • Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland," Journal of Modern History (2007) 79#1 pp 134–61, in JSTOR historiography
  • Klatt, Malgorzata. "Poland and its Eastern neighbours: Foreign policy principles." Journal of Contemporary European Research 7.1 (2011): 61-76. online
  • Korbel, Josef. Poland Between East and West: Soviet and German Diplomacy toward Poland, 1919–1933 (Princeton University Press, 1963)
  • Kuźniar, R. ed. Poland's Security Policy 1989-2000 (Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House, 2001).
  • Lerski, George J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp. online
  • Leslie, R. F. et al. The History of Poland since 1863. Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp. excerpt[dead link]
  • Lukowski, Jerzy and Zawadzki, Hubert. A Concise History of Poland. (2nd ed. Cambridge U. Press, 2006). 408pp. excerpts and search
  • Magocsi, Paul Robert t al. A History of East Central Europe (1974).
  • Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
  • Prazmowska, Anita J. A History of Poland (2004\)
  • Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
  • Snyder, Timothy. The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 (2003).
  • Wróbel, Piotr. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996. Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
  • Zięba, Ryszard. Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Springer, 2020) online
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Poland&oldid=1296414081"